init first labs

imu_example/.gitignore

+build
+!.vscode/*

imu_example/CMakeLists.txt

+# == DO NOT EDIT THE FOLLOWING LINES for the Raspberry Pi Pico VS Code Extension to work ==
+if(WIN32)
+    set(USERHOME $ENV{USERPROFILE})
+else()
+    set(USERHOME $ENV{HOME})
+endif()
+set(sdkVersion 2.2.0)
+set(toolchainVersion 14_2_Rel1)
+set(picotoolVersion 2.2.0)
+set(picoVscode ${USERHOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/pico-vscode.cmake)
+if (EXISTS ${picoVscode})
+    include(${picoVscode})
+endif()
+# ====================================================================================
+set(PICO_BOARD pico_w CACHE STRING "Board type")
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+include(pico_sdk_import.cmake)
+project(pico-10dof-imu_project)
+pico_sdk_init()
+add_subdirectory(icm20948)
+include_directories(./icm20948)
+add_executable(imu
+main.c
+)
+pico_enable_stdio_usb(imu 1)
+pico_enable_stdio_uart(imu 1)
+
+pico_add_extra_outputs(imu)
+
+# Pull in our pico_stdlib which pulls in commonly used features
+target_link_libraries(imu pico_stdlib icm20948 hardware_i2c pico_multicore)

imu_example/icm20948/CMakeLists.txt

+aux_source_directory(. DIR_icm20948_SRCS)
+
+add_library(icm20948 ${DIR_icm20948_SRCS})
+target_link_libraries(icm20948 PUBLIC hardware_i2c pico_stdlib)

imu_example/icm20948/icm20948.c

+#include "icm20948.h"
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define I2C_PORT i2c1
+IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA gstGyroOffset ={0,0,0};  
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+void imuAHRSupdate(float gx, float gy, float gz, float ax, float ay, float az, float mx, float my, float mz);
+float invSqrt(float x);
+
+void icm20948init(void);
+bool icm20948Check(void);
+void icm20948GyroRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z);
+void icm20948AccelRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z);
+void icm20948GyroFastRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z);
+void icm20948AccelFastRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z);
+void icm20948MagRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z);
+bool icm20948MagCheck(void);
+void icm20948CalAvgValue(uint8_t *pIndex, int16_t *pAvgBuffer, int16_t InVal, int32_t *pOutVal);
+void icm20948GyroOffset(void);
+void icm20948ReadSecondary(uint8_t u8I2CAddr, uint8_t u8RegAddr, uint8_t u8Len, uint8_t *pu8data);
+void icm20948WriteSecondary(uint8_t u8I2CAddr, uint8_t u8RegAddr, uint8_t u8data);
+bool icm20948Check(void);
+
+char I2C_ReadOneByte(char reg)
+{
+	char buf;
+	i2c_write_blocking(I2C_PORT,I2C_ADD_ICM20948,&reg,1,true);
+	i2c_read_blocking(I2C_PORT,I2C_ADD_ICM20948,&buf,1,false);
+	return buf;
+}
+
+void I2C_WriteOneByte( char reg, char value)
+{
+	char buf[]={reg,value};
+	i2c_write_blocking(I2C_PORT,I2C_ADD_ICM20948,buf,2,false);
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ * IMU module                                                                 *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+#define Kp 4.50f   // proportional gain governs rate of convergence to accelerometer/magnetometer
+#define Ki 1.0f    // integral gain governs rate of convergence of gyroscope biases
+
+float angles[3];
+float q0, q1, q2, q3; 
+
+void imuInit(IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE *penMotionSensorType)
+{
+	bool bRet = false;
+	i2c_init(I2C_PORT,400*1000); 
+	gpio_set_function(6, GPIO_FUNC_I2C);
+    gpio_set_function(7, GPIO_FUNC_I2C);
+    gpio_pull_up(6);
+    gpio_pull_up(7);
+	bRet = icm20948Check();
+	if( true == bRet)
+	{
+		*penMotionSensorType = IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE_ICM20948;
+		icm20948init();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		*penMotionSensorType = IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE_NULL;
+	}
+	q0 = 1.0f;  
+	q1 = 0.0f;
+	q2 = 0.0f;
+	q3 = 0.0f;
+
+	return;
+}
+
+void imuDataAccGyrGet(IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA *pstGyroRawData,
+                    IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA *pstAccelRawData)
+{
+
+  int16_t s16Gyro[3], s16Accel[3], s16Magn[3];
+
+  icm20948AccelFastRead(&s16Accel[0], &s16Accel[1], &s16Accel[2]);
+  icm20948GyroFastRead(&s16Gyro[0], &s16Gyro[1], &s16Gyro[2]);
+
+  // icm20948AccelRead(&s16Accel[0], &s16Accel[1], &s16Accel[2]);
+  // icm20948GyroRead(&s16Gyro[0], &s16Gyro[1], &s16Gyro[2]);
+
+  pstGyroRawData->s16X = s16Gyro[0];
+  pstGyroRawData->s16Y = s16Gyro[1];
+  pstGyroRawData->s16Z = s16Gyro[2];
+
+  pstAccelRawData->s16X = s16Accel[0];
+  pstAccelRawData->s16Y = s16Accel[1];
+  pstAccelRawData->s16Z  = s16Accel[2];
+
+  return;
+}
+
+void imuDataGet(IMU_ST_ANGLES_DATA *pstAngles, 
+                IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA *pstGyroRawData,
+                IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA *pstAccelRawData,
+                IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA *pstMagnRawData)
+{
+  float MotionVal[9];
+  int16_t s16Gyro[3], s16Accel[3], s16Magn[3];
+
+  icm20948AccelRead(&s16Accel[0], &s16Accel[1], &s16Accel[2]);
+  icm20948GyroRead(&s16Gyro[0], &s16Gyro[1], &s16Gyro[2]);
+  icm20948MagRead(&s16Magn[0], &s16Magn[1], &s16Magn[2]);
+
+  MotionVal[0]=s16Gyro[0]/32.8;
+  MotionVal[1]=s16Gyro[1]/32.8;
+  MotionVal[2]=s16Gyro[2]/32.8;
+  MotionVal[3]=s16Accel[0];
+  MotionVal[4]=s16Accel[1];
+  MotionVal[5]=s16Accel[2];
+  MotionVal[6]=s16Magn[0];
+  MotionVal[7]=s16Magn[1];
+  MotionVal[8]=s16Magn[2];
+  imuAHRSupdate((float)MotionVal[0] * 0.0175, (float)MotionVal[1] * 0.0175, (float)MotionVal[2] * 0.0175,
+                (float)MotionVal[3], (float)MotionVal[4], (float)MotionVal[5], 
+                (float)MotionVal[6], (float)MotionVal[7], MotionVal[8]);
+
+
+  pstAngles->fPitch = asin(-2 * q1 * q3 + 2 * q0* q2)* 57.3; // pitch
+  pstAngles->fRoll = atan2(2 * q2 * q3 + 2 * q0 * q1, -2 * q1 * q1 - 2 * q2* q2 + 1)* 57.3; // roll
+  pstAngles->fYaw = atan2(-2 * q1 * q2 - 2 * q0 * q3, 2 * q2 * q2 + 2 * q3 * q3 - 1) * 57.3; 
+
+  pstGyroRawData->s16X = s16Gyro[0];
+  pstGyroRawData->s16Y = s16Gyro[1];
+  pstGyroRawData->s16Z = s16Gyro[2];
+
+  pstAccelRawData->s16X = s16Accel[0];
+  pstAccelRawData->s16Y = s16Accel[1];
+  pstAccelRawData->s16Z  = s16Accel[2];
+
+  pstMagnRawData->s16X = s16Magn[0];
+  pstMagnRawData->s16Y = s16Magn[1];
+  pstMagnRawData->s16Z = s16Magn[2];  
+
+  return;  
+}
+
+void imuAHRSupdate(float gx, float gy, float gz, float ax, float ay, float az, float mx, float my, float mz) 
+{
+  float norm;
+  float hx, hy, hz, bx, bz;
+  float vx, vy, vz, wx, wy, wz;
+  float exInt = 0.0, eyInt = 0.0, ezInt = 0.0;
+  float ex, ey, ez, halfT = 0.024f;
+
+  float q0q0 = q0 * q0;
+  float q0q1 = q0 * q1;
+  float q0q2 = q0 * q2;
+  float q0q3 = q0 * q3;
+  float q1q1 = q1 * q1;
+  float q1q2 = q1 * q2;
+  float q1q3 = q1 * q3;
+  float q2q2 = q2 * q2;   
+  float q2q3 = q2 * q3;
+  float q3q3 = q3 * q3;          
+
+  norm = invSqrt(ax * ax + ay * ay + az * az);       
+  ax = ax * norm;
+  ay = ay * norm;
+  az = az * norm;
+
+  norm = invSqrt(mx * mx + my * my + mz * mz);          
+  mx = mx * norm;
+  my = my * norm;
+  mz = mz * norm;
+
+  // compute reference direction of flux
+  hx = 2 * mx * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) + 2 * my * (q1q2 - q0q3) + 2 * mz * (q1q3 + q0q2);
+  hy = 2 * mx * (q1q2 + q0q3) + 2 * my * (0.5f - q1q1 - q3q3) + 2 * mz * (q2q3 - q0q1);
+  hz = 2 * mx * (q1q3 - q0q2) + 2 * my * (q2q3 + q0q1) + 2 * mz * (0.5f - q1q1 - q2q2);         
+  bx = sqrt((hx * hx) + (hy * hy));
+  bz = hz;     
+
+  // estimated direction of gravity and flux (v and w)
+  vx = 2 * (q1q3 - q0q2);
+  vy = 2 * (q0q1 + q2q3);
+  vz = q0q0 - q1q1 - q2q2 + q3q3;
+  wx = 2 * bx * (0.5 - q2q2 - q3q3) + 2 * bz * (q1q3 - q0q2);
+  wy = 2 * bx * (q1q2 - q0q3) + 2 * bz * (q0q1 + q2q3);
+  wz = 2 * bx * (q0q2 + q1q3) + 2 * bz * (0.5 - q1q1 - q2q2);  
+
+  // error is sum of cross product between reference direction of fields and direction measured by sensors
+  ex = (ay * vz - az * vy) + (my * wz - mz * wy);
+  ey = (az * vx - ax * vz) + (mz * wx - mx * wz);
+  ez = (ax * vy - ay * vx) + (mx * wy - my * wx);
+
+  if(ex != 0.0f && ey != 0.0f && ez != 0.0f)
+  {
+    exInt = exInt + ex * Ki * halfT;
+    eyInt = eyInt + ey * Ki * halfT;  
+    ezInt = ezInt + ez * Ki * halfT;
+
+    gx = gx + Kp * ex + exInt;
+    gy = gy + Kp * ey + eyInt;
+    gz = gz + Kp * ez + ezInt;
+  }
+
+  q0 = q0 + (-q1 * gx - q2 * gy - q3 * gz) * halfT;
+  q1 = q1 + (q0 * gx + q2 * gz - q3 * gy) * halfT;
+  q2 = q2 + (q0 * gy - q1 * gz + q3 * gx) * halfT;
+  q3 = q3 + (q0 * gz + q1 * gy - q2 * gx) * halfT;  
+
+  norm = invSqrt(q0 * q0 + q1 * q1 + q2 * q2 + q3 * q3);
+  q0 = q0 * norm;
+  q1 = q1 * norm;
+  q2 = q2 * norm;
+  q3 = q3 * norm;
+}
+
+float invSqrt(float x) 
+{
+  float halfx = 0.5f * x;
+  float y = x;
+  
+  long i = *(long*)&y;                //get bits for floating value
+  i = 0x5f3759df - (i >> 1);          //gives initial guss you
+  y = *(float*)&i;                    //convert bits back to float
+  y = y * (1.5f - (halfx * y * y));   //newtop step, repeating increases accuracy
+  
+  return y;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ * icm20948 sensor device                                                     *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+void icm20948init(void)
+{
+
+  /* user bank 0 register */
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL, REG_VAL_REG_BANK_0);
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_PWR_MIGMT_1,  REG_VAL_ALL_RGE_RESET);
+  sleep_ms(10);
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_PWR_MIGMT_1,  REG_VAL_RUN_MODE);  
+
+  /* user bank 2 register */
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL, REG_VAL_REG_BANK_2);
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_GYRO_SMPLRT_DIV, 0x07);
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_GYRO_CONFIG_1,   
+                  REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_DLPCFG_6 | REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_FS_1000DPS | REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_DLPF);
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_ACCEL_SMPLRT_DIV_2,  0x07);
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_ACCEL_CONFIG,
+                  REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_DLPCFG_6 | REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_FS_2g | REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_DLPF);
+
+  /* user bank 0 register */
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL, REG_VAL_REG_BANK_0); 
+
+  sleep_ms(100);
+  /* offset */
+  icm20948GyroOffset();
+
+  icm20948MagCheck();
+
+  icm20948WriteSecondary( I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916|I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916_WRITE,
+                               REG_ADD_MAG_CNTL2, REG_VAL_MAG_MODE_20HZ);  
+  return;
+}
+
+bool icm20948Check(void)
+{
+    bool bRet = false;
+    if(REG_VAL_WIA == I2C_ReadOneByte( REG_ADD_WIA))
+    {
+        bRet = true;
+    }
+    return bRet;
+}
+void icm20948GyroRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z)
+{
+   uint8_t u8Buf[6];
+    int16_t s16Buf[3] = {0}; 
+    uint8_t i;
+    int32_t s32OutBuf[3] = {0};
+    static ICM20948_ST_AVG_DATA sstAvgBuf[3];
+    static int16_t ss16c = 0;
+    ss16c++;
+
+    u8Buf[0]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_GYRO_XOUT_L); 
+    u8Buf[1]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_GYRO_XOUT_H);
+    s16Buf[0]=  (u8Buf[1]<<8)|u8Buf[0];
+
+    u8Buf[0]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_GYRO_YOUT_L); 
+    u8Buf[1]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_GYRO_YOUT_H);
+    s16Buf[1]=  (u8Buf[1]<<8)|u8Buf[0];
+
+    u8Buf[0]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_GYRO_ZOUT_L); 
+    u8Buf[1]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_GYRO_ZOUT_H);
+    s16Buf[2]=  (u8Buf[1]<<8)|u8Buf[0];
+
+    for(i = 0; i < 3; i ++) 
+    {
+        icm20948CalAvgValue(&sstAvgBuf[i].u8Index, sstAvgBuf[i].s16AvgBuffer, s16Buf[i], s32OutBuf + i);
+    }
+    *ps16X = s32OutBuf[0] - gstGyroOffset.s16X;
+    *ps16Y = s32OutBuf[1] - gstGyroOffset.s16Y;
+    *ps16Z = s32OutBuf[2] - gstGyroOffset.s16Z;
+    
+    return;
+}
+void icm20948AccelRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z)
+{
+    uint8_t u8Buf[2];
+    int16_t s16Buf[3] = {0}; 
+    uint8_t i;
+    int32_t s32OutBuf[3] = {0};
+    static ICM20948_ST_AVG_DATA sstAvgBuf[3];
+
+    u8Buf[0]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_ACCEL_XOUT_L); 
+    u8Buf[1]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_ACCEL_XOUT_H);
+    s16Buf[0]=  (u8Buf[1]<<8)|u8Buf[0];
+
+    u8Buf[0]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_ACCEL_YOUT_L); 
+    u8Buf[1]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_ACCEL_YOUT_H);
+    s16Buf[1]=  (u8Buf[1]<<8)|u8Buf[0];
+
+    u8Buf[0]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_ACCEL_ZOUT_L); 
+    u8Buf[1]=I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_ACCEL_ZOUT_H);
+    s16Buf[2]=  (u8Buf[1]<<8)|u8Buf[0];
+
+    for(i = 0; i < 3; i ++) 
+    {
+        icm20948CalAvgValue(&sstAvgBuf[i].u8Index, sstAvgBuf[i].s16AvgBuffer, s16Buf[i], s32OutBuf + i);
+    }
+    *ps16X = s32OutBuf[0];
+    *ps16Y = s32OutBuf[1];
+    *ps16Z = s32OutBuf[2];
+  
+    return;
+
+}
+
+
+// ---- Fast burst read over I2C (one transaction) ----
+static inline void icm20948ReadBurst(uint8_t start_reg, uint8_t *buf, size_t n) {
+    i2c_write_blocking(I2C_PORT, I2C_ADD_ICM20948, &start_reg, 1, true); // repeated START
+    i2c_read_blocking(I2C_PORT,  I2C_ADD_ICM20948, buf, n, false);       // STOP
+}
+
+// ---- O(1) 8-sample moving average state ----
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t idx;
+    int16_t buf[8];
+    int32_t sum;
+    bool    primed;
+} Avg8;
+
+static inline int16_t avg8_update(Avg8 *s, int16_t v) {
+    if (!s->primed) {
+        // Prime: fill with first value so the initial average is correct immediately
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) s->buf[i] = v;
+        s->sum = (int32_t)v * 8;
+        s->idx = 0;
+        s->primed = true;
+        return v;
+    }
+    s->sum -= s->buf[s->idx];
+    s->buf[s->idx] = v;
+    s->sum += v;
+    s->idx = (s->idx + 1) & 7;   // modulo 8
+    return (int16_t)(s->sum >> 3);
+}
+
+void icm20948AccelFastRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z)
+{
+    static Avg8 s_acc_avg[3] = {0};
+
+    uint8_t b[6];
+    icm20948ReadBurst(REG_ADD_ACCEL_XOUT_H, b, 6);
+
+    int16_t rawX = (int16_t)((b[0] << 8) | b[1]);
+    int16_t rawY = (int16_t)((b[2] << 8) | b[3]);
+    int16_t rawZ = (int16_t)((b[4] << 8) | b[5]);
+
+    // O(1) smoothing
+    *ps16X = avg8_update(&s_acc_avg[0], rawX);
+    *ps16Y = avg8_update(&s_acc_avg[1], rawY);
+    *ps16Z = avg8_update(&s_acc_avg[2], rawZ);
+    return;
+}
+
+void icm20948GyroFastRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z)
+{
+    static Avg8 s_gyro_avg[3] = {0};
+
+    uint8_t b[6];
+    icm20948ReadBurst(REG_ADD_GYRO_XOUT_H, b, 6);
+
+    int16_t rawX = (int16_t)((b[0] << 8) | b[1]);
+    int16_t rawY = (int16_t)((b[2] << 8) | b[3]);
+    int16_t rawZ = (int16_t)((b[4] << 8) | b[5]);
+
+    int16_t avgX = avg8_update(&s_gyro_avg[0], rawX);
+    int16_t avgY = avg8_update(&s_gyro_avg[1], rawY);
+    int16_t avgZ = avg8_update(&s_gyro_avg[2], rawZ);
+
+    // Keep your boot-time bias subtraction
+    *ps16X = (int16_t)((int32_t)avgX - gstGyroOffset.s16X);
+    *ps16Y = (int16_t)((int32_t)avgY - gstGyroOffset.s16Y);
+    *ps16Z = (int16_t)((int32_t)avgZ - gstGyroOffset.s16Z);
+    return;
+}
+
+void icm20948MagRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z)
+{
+    uint8_t counter = 20;
+    uint8_t u8Data[MAG_DATA_LEN];
+    int16_t s16Buf[3] = {0}; 
+    uint8_t i;
+    int32_t s32OutBuf[3] = {0};
+    static ICM20948_ST_AVG_DATA sstAvgBuf[3];
+    while( counter>0 )
+    {
+        sleep_ms(10);
+        icm20948ReadSecondary( I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916|I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916_READ, 
+                                    REG_ADD_MAG_ST2, 1, u8Data);
+        
+        if ((u8Data[0] & 0x01) != 0)
+            break;
+        
+        counter--;
+    }
+    
+    if(counter != 0)
+    {
+        icm20948ReadSecondary( I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916|I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916_READ, 
+                                    REG_ADD_MAG_DATA, 
+                                    MAG_DATA_LEN,
+                                    u8Data);
+        s16Buf[0] = ((int16_t)u8Data[1]<<8) | u8Data[0];
+        s16Buf[1] = ((int16_t)u8Data[3]<<8) | u8Data[2];
+        s16Buf[2] = ((int16_t)u8Data[5]<<8) | u8Data[4];       
+    }
+
+    for(i = 0; i < 3; i ++) 
+    {
+        icm20948CalAvgValue(&sstAvgBuf[i].u8Index, sstAvgBuf[i].s16AvgBuffer, s16Buf[i], s32OutBuf + i);
+    }
+    
+    *ps16X =  s32OutBuf[0];
+    *ps16Y = -s32OutBuf[1];
+    *ps16Z = -s32OutBuf[2];
+    return;
+}
+
+void icm20948ReadSecondary(uint8_t u8I2CAddr, uint8_t u8RegAddr, uint8_t u8Len, uint8_t *pu8data)
+{
+    uint8_t i;
+    uint8_t u8Temp;
+
+    I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL,  REG_VAL_REG_BANK_3); //swtich bank3
+    I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_ADDR, u8I2CAddr);
+    I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_REG,  u8RegAddr);
+    I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_CTRL, REG_VAL_BIT_SLV0_EN|u8Len);
+
+    I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL, REG_VAL_REG_BANK_0); //swtich bank0
+    
+    u8Temp = I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_USER_CTRL);
+    u8Temp |= REG_VAL_BIT_I2C_MST_EN;
+    I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_USER_CTRL, u8Temp);
+    sleep_ms(5);
+    u8Temp &= ~REG_VAL_BIT_I2C_MST_EN;
+    I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_USER_CTRL, u8Temp);
+    
+    for(i=0; i<u8Len; i++)
+    {
+        *(pu8data+i) = I2C_ReadOneByte( REG_ADD_EXT_SENS_DATA_00+i);
+        
+    }
+    I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL, REG_VAL_REG_BANK_3); //swtich bank3
+    
+    u8Temp = I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_CTRL);
+    u8Temp &= ~((REG_VAL_BIT_I2C_MST_EN)&(REG_VAL_BIT_MASK_LEN));
+    I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_CTRL,  u8Temp);
+    
+    I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL, REG_VAL_REG_BANK_0); //swtich bank0
+
+}
+
+void icm20948WriteSecondary(uint8_t u8I2CAddr, uint8_t u8RegAddr, uint8_t u8data)
+{
+  uint8_t u8Temp;
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL,  REG_VAL_REG_BANK_3); //swtich bank3
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_I2C_SLV1_ADDR, u8I2CAddr);
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_I2C_SLV1_REG,  u8RegAddr);
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_I2C_SLV1_DO,   u8data);
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_I2C_SLV1_CTRL, REG_VAL_BIT_SLV0_EN|1);
+
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL, REG_VAL_REG_BANK_0); //swtich bank0
+
+  u8Temp = I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_USER_CTRL);
+  u8Temp |= REG_VAL_BIT_I2C_MST_EN;
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_USER_CTRL, u8Temp);
+  sleep_ms(5);
+  u8Temp &= ~REG_VAL_BIT_I2C_MST_EN;
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_USER_CTRL, u8Temp);
+
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL, REG_VAL_REG_BANK_3); //swtich bank3
+
+  u8Temp = I2C_ReadOneByte(REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_CTRL);
+  u8Temp &= ~((REG_VAL_BIT_I2C_MST_EN)&(REG_VAL_BIT_MASK_LEN));
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_CTRL,  u8Temp);
+
+  I2C_WriteOneByte( REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL, REG_VAL_REG_BANK_0); //swtich bank0
+    
+    return;
+}
+
+void icm20948CalAvgValue(uint8_t *pIndex, int16_t *pAvgBuffer, int16_t InVal, int32_t *pOutVal)
+{ 
+  uint8_t i;
+  
+  *(pAvgBuffer + ((*pIndex) ++)) = InVal;
+    *pIndex &= 0x07;
+    
+    *pOutVal = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i < 8; i ++) 
+    {
+      *pOutVal += *(pAvgBuffer + i);
+    }
+    *pOutVal >>= 3;
+}
+
+void icm20948GyroOffset(void)
+{
+  uint8_t i;
+  int16_t s16Gx = 0, s16Gy = 0, s16Gz = 0;
+  int32_t s32TempGx = 0, s32TempGy = 0, s32TempGz = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i < 32; i ++)
+  {
+    icm20948GyroRead(&s16Gx, &s16Gy, &s16Gz);
+    s32TempGx += s16Gx;
+    s32TempGy += s16Gy;
+    s32TempGz += s16Gz;
+    sleep_ms(10);
+  }
+  gstGyroOffset.s16X = s32TempGx >> 5;
+  gstGyroOffset.s16Y = s32TempGy >> 5;
+  gstGyroOffset.s16Z = s32TempGz >> 5;
+  return;
+}
+
+bool icm20948MagCheck(void)
+{
+    bool bRet = false;
+    uint8_t u8Ret[2];
+    
+    icm20948ReadSecondary( I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916|I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916_READ,
+                                REG_ADD_MAG_WIA1, 2,u8Ret);
+    if( (u8Ret[0] == REG_VAL_MAG_WIA1) && ( u8Ret[1] == REG_VAL_MAG_WIA2) )
+    {
+        bRet = true;
+    }
+    
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

imu_example/icm20948/icm20948.h

+#ifndef __ICM20948__H
+#define __ICM20948__H
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include "hardware/i2c.h"
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+
+//typedef uint8_t bool;
+#define true 1
+#define false 0
+/* define ICM-20948 Device I2C address*/
+#define I2C_ADD_ICM20948 0x68
+#define I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916 0x0C
+#define I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916_READ 0x80
+#define I2C_ADD_ICM20948_AK09916_WRITE 0x00
+/* define ICM-20948 Register */
+/* user bank 0 register */
+#define REG_ADD_WIA 0x00
+#define REG_VAL_WIA 0xEA
+#define REG_ADD_USER_CTRL 0x03
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_DMP_EN 0x80
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_FIFO_EN 0x40
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_I2C_MST_EN 0x20
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_I2C_IF_DIS 0x10
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_DMP_RST 0x08
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_DIAMOND_DMP_RST 0x04
+#define REG_ADD_PWR_MIGMT_1 0x06
+#define REG_VAL_ALL_RGE_RESET 0x80
+#define REG_VAL_RUN_MODE 0x01 //Non low-power mode
+#define REG_ADD_LP_CONFIG 0x05
+#define REG_ADD_PWR_MGMT_1 0x06
+#define REG_ADD_PWR_MGMT_2 0x07
+#define REG_ADD_ACCEL_XOUT_H 0x2D
+#define REG_ADD_ACCEL_XOUT_L 0x2E
+#define REG_ADD_ACCEL_YOUT_H 0x2F
+#define REG_ADD_ACCEL_YOUT_L 0x30
+#define REG_ADD_ACCEL_ZOUT_H 0x31
+#define REG_ADD_ACCEL_ZOUT_L 0x32
+#define REG_ADD_GYRO_XOUT_H 0x33
+#define REG_ADD_GYRO_XOUT_L 0x34
+#define REG_ADD_GYRO_YOUT_H 0x35
+#define REG_ADD_GYRO_YOUT_L 0x36
+#define REG_ADD_GYRO_ZOUT_H 0x37
+#define REG_ADD_GYRO_ZOUT_L 0x38
+#define REG_ADD_EXT_SENS_DATA_00 0x3B
+#define REG_ADD_REG_BANK_SEL 0x7F
+#define REG_VAL_REG_BANK_0 0x00
+#define REG_VAL_REG_BANK_1 0x10
+#define REG_VAL_REG_BANK_2 0x20
+#define REG_VAL_REG_BANK_3 0x30
+
+/* user bank 1 register */
+/* user bank 2 register */
+#define REG_ADD_GYRO_SMPLRT_DIV 0x00
+#define REG_ADD_GYRO_CONFIG_1 0x01
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_DLPCFG_2 0x10   /* bit[5:3] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_DLPCFG_4 0x20   /* bit[5:3] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_DLPCFG_6 0x30   /* bit[5:3] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_FS_250DPS 0x00  /* bit[2:1] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_FS_500DPS 0x02  /* bit[2:1] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_FS_1000DPS 0x04 /* bit[2:1] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_FS_2000DPS 0x06 /* bit[2:1] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_GYRO_DLPF 0x01       /* bit[0]   */
+#define REG_ADD_ACCEL_SMPLRT_DIV_2 0x11
+#define REG_ADD_ACCEL_CONFIG 0x14
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_DLPCFG_2 0x10 /* bit[5:3] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_DLPCFG_4 0x20 /* bit[5:3] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_DLPCFG_6 0x30 /* bit[5:3] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_FS_2g 0x00    /* bit[2:1] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_FS_4g 0x02    /* bit[2:1] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_FS_8g 0x04    /* bit[2:1] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_FS_16g 0x06   /* bit[2:1] */
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_ACCEL_DLPF 0x01     /* bit[0]   */
+
+/* user bank 3 register */
+#define REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_ADDR 0x03
+#define REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_REG 0x04
+#define REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_CTRL 0x05
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_SLV0_EN 0x80
+#define REG_VAL_BIT_MASK_LEN 0x07
+#define REG_ADD_I2C_SLV0_DO 0x06
+#define REG_ADD_I2C_SLV1_ADDR 0x07
+#define REG_ADD_I2C_SLV1_REG 0x08
+#define REG_ADD_I2C_SLV1_CTRL 0x09
+#define REG_ADD_I2C_SLV1_DO 0x0A
+
+/* define ICM-20948 Register  end */
+
+/* define ICM-20948 MAG Register  */
+#define REG_ADD_MAG_WIA1 0x00
+#define REG_VAL_MAG_WIA1 0x48
+#define REG_ADD_MAG_WIA2 0x01
+#define REG_VAL_MAG_WIA2 0x09
+#define REG_ADD_MAG_ST2 0x10
+#define REG_ADD_MAG_DATA 0x11
+#define REG_ADD_MAG_CNTL2 0x31
+#define REG_VAL_MAG_MODE_PD 0x00
+#define REG_VAL_MAG_MODE_SM 0x01
+#define REG_VAL_MAG_MODE_10HZ 0x02
+#define REG_VAL_MAG_MODE_20HZ 0x04
+#define REG_VAL_MAG_MODE_50HZ 0x05
+#define REG_VAL_MAG_MODE_100HZ 0x08
+#define REG_VAL_MAG_MODE_ST 0x10
+/* define ICM-20948 MAG Register  end */
+
+#define MAG_DATA_LEN    6
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+	typedef enum 
+	{  
+		  IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE_NULL = 0,
+		  IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE_ICM20948,
+		  IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE_MAX
+	}IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE;
+
+	typedef struct imu_st_angles_data_tag
+	{
+		  float fYaw;
+		  float fPitch;
+		  float fRoll;
+	}IMU_ST_ANGLES_DATA;
+
+	typedef struct imu_st_sensor_data_tag
+	{
+		  int16_t s16X;
+		  int16_t s16Y;
+		  int16_t s16Z;
+	}IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA;
+
+	typedef struct icm20948_st_avg_data_tag
+	{
+	  uint8_t u8Index;
+		int16_t s16AvgBuffer[8];
+	}ICM20948_ST_AVG_DATA;
+
+	void imuInit(IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE *penMotionSensorType);
+	void imuDataAccGyrGet(IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA *pstGyroRawData,
+						IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA *pstAccelRawData); 
+	void imuDataGet(IMU_ST_ANGLES_DATA *pstAngles, 
+					IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA *pstGyroRawData,
+					IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA *pstAccelRawData,
+					IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA *pstMagnRawData); 
+	void icm20948GyroRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z);
+	void icm20948AccelRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z);
+	void icm20948GyroFastRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z);
+	void icm20948AccelFastRead(int16_t* ps16X, int16_t* ps16Y, int16_t* ps16Z);
+	char I2C_ReadOneByte(char reg);
+	void I2C_WriteOneByte(char reg, char val);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif 
+	

imu_example/main.c

+#include "icm20948.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#include "pico/time.h"
+#include "pico/multicore.h"     // only used by main_4
+#include "pico/util/queue.h"    // only used by main_4
+
+int main_1(void)
+{
+    stdio_init_all();
+
+    IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE enMotionSensorType;
+    IMU_ST_ANGLES_DATA stAngles;
+    IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA stGyroRawData;
+    IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA stAccelRawData;
+    IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA stMagnRawData;
+
+    imuInit(&enMotionSensorType);
+    if (IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE_ICM20948 == enMotionSensorType) {
+        printf("Motion sensor is ICM-20948\n");
+    } else {
+        printf("Motion sensor NULL\n");
+    }
+
+    uint64_t t_prev = time_us_64();
+
+    while (1) {
+        imuDataGet(&stAngles, &stGyroRawData, &stAccelRawData, &stMagnRawData);
+
+        uint64_t t_now = time_us_64();
+        uint64_t dt_us = (t_now - t_prev);
+        t_prev = t_now;
+        float hz = (dt_us > 0) ? (1000000.0f / (float)dt_us) : 0.0f;
+
+        printf("\r\n/-------------------------------------------------------------/\r\n");
+        printf("Roll: %.2f   Pitch: %.2f   Yaw: %.2f   |   Sample Rate: %.1f Hz\r\n",
+               stAngles.fRoll, stAngles.fPitch, stAngles.fYaw, hz);
+
+        //sleep_ms(100);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int main_2(void)
+{
+    stdio_init_all();
+
+    IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE type;
+    IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA g, a;
+    imuInit(&type);
+
+    if (IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE_ICM20948 == type) {
+        printf("Motion sensor is ICM-20948\n");
+    } else {
+        printf("Motion sensor NULL\n");
+    }
+
+    uint64_t t_prev = time_us_64();
+
+    while (1) {
+        int16_t gx, gy, gz, ax, ay, az;
+
+        icm20948AccelRead(&ax, &ay, &az);
+        icm20948GyroRead (&gx, &gy, &gz);
+
+        uint64_t t_now = time_us_64();
+        uint64_t dt_us = (t_now - t_prev);
+        t_prev = t_now;
+        float hz = (dt_us > 0) ? (1000000.0f / (float)dt_us) : 0.0f;
+
+        printf("ACC [mg-ish raw]: X=%d Y=%d Z=%d   |   GYRO [LSB]: X=%d Y=%d Z=%d   |   %.1f Hz\r\n",
+               ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz, hz);
+
+        // sleep_ms(5); // small delay to avoid spamming
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int main_3(void)
+{
+    stdio_init_all();
+
+    IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE type;
+    imuInit(&type);
+
+    if (IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE_ICM20948 == type) {
+        printf("Motion sensor is ICM-20948 (FAST read path)\n");
+    } else {
+        printf("Motion sensor NULL\n");
+    }
+
+    uint64_t t_prev = time_us_64();
+
+    while (1) {
+        int16_t gx, gy, gz, ax, ay, az;
+
+        // Option A: call the fast functions directly
+        icm20948AccelFastRead(&ax, &ay, &az);
+        icm20948GyroFastRead (&gx, &gy, &gz);
+
+        // // Option B: if you prefer the wrapper:
+        // IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA g, a;
+        // imuDataOnlyGet(&g, &a);
+        // gx=g.s16X; gy=g.s16Y; gz=g.s16Z;
+        // ax=a.s16X; ay=a.s16Y; az=a.s16Z;
+
+        uint64_t t_now = time_us_64();
+        uint64_t dt_us = (t_now - t_prev);
+        t_prev = t_now;
+        float hz = (dt_us > 0) ? (1000000.0f / (float)dt_us) : 0.0f;
+
+        printf("FAST ACC: X=%d Y=%d Z=%d   |   FAST GYRO: X=%d Y=%d Z=%d   |   %.1f Hz\r\n",
+               ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz, hz);
+        // No sleep => let it run as fast as possible
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+    int16_t ax, ay, az;
+    int16_t gx, gy, gz;
+    uint32_t t_us;   // timestamp (lower 32 bits is fine for short runs)
+} Sample;
+
+static queue_t sample_q;
+
+static void core1_reader(void)
+{
+    IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE type;
+
+    // Important: init I2C/IMU on this core as well if your drivers require per-core context.
+    // Usually one init on core0 is fine if both cores share the same hardware state,
+    // but to be safe we at least check sensor here.
+    // If needed, comment out the next line.
+    // imuInit(&type);
+
+    uint32_t t_prev = (uint32_t)time_us_64();
+
+    while (1) {
+        IMU_ST_SENSOR_DATA stGyroRawData, stAccelRawData;
+        // int16_t gx, gy, gz, ax, ay, az;
+        // icm20948AccelFastRead(&ax, &ay, &az);
+        // icm20948GyroFastRead (&gx, &gy, &gz);
+
+        imuDataAccGyrGet(&stGyroRawData, &stAccelRawData);
+
+        uint32_t t_now = (uint32_t)time_us_64();
+        Sample s = { stAccelRawData.s16X, stAccelRawData.s16Y, stAccelRawData.s16Z,
+                      stGyroRawData.s16X, stGyroRawData.s16Y, stGyroRawData.s16Z,
+                      t_now };
+        queue_add_blocking(&sample_q, &s);
+
+        // (Optional) pace the producer slightly if needed
+        // sleep_us(500); // ~2 kHz -> uncomment to throttle
+    }
+}
+
+int main_4(void)
+{
+    stdio_init_all();
+
+    IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE type;
+    imuInit(&type);
+
+    if (IMU_EN_SENSOR_TYPE_ICM20948 == type) {
+        printf("Motion sensor is ICM-20948 (multicore)\n");
+    } else {
+        printf("Motion sensor NULL\n");
+    }
+
+    // Queue can hold up to N samples; adjust for your bandwidth
+    queue_init(&sample_q, sizeof(Sample), 64);
+
+    // Launch core1 reader
+    multicore_launch_core1(core1_reader);
+
+    uint32_t t_prev = (uint32_t)time_us_64();
+
+    while (1) {
+        Sample s;
+        queue_remove_blocking(&sample_q, &s);
+
+        uint32_t t_now = (uint32_t)time_us_64();
+        uint32_t dt_us = (t_now - t_prev);
+        t_prev = t_now;
+        float hz = (dt_us > 0) ? (1000000.0f / (float)dt_us) : 0.0f;
+
+        printf("ACC: X=%d Y=%d Z=%d | GYRO: X=%d Y=%d Z=%d | RX Rate: %.1f Hz\r\n",
+               s.ax, s.ay, s.az, s.gx, s.gy, s.gz, hz);
+        // No sleep: printing rate is now bounded mostly by USB/serial throughput.
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}

imu_example/pico_sdk_import.cmake

+# This is a copy of <PICO_SDK_PATH>/external/pico_sdk_import.cmake
+
+# This can be dropped into an external project to help locate this SDK
+# It should be include()ed prior to project()
+
+# Copyright 2020 (c) 2020 Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
+# following conditions are met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+# derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
+# INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+# WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH))
+    set(PICO_SDK_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_PATH}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT AND NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG)
+  set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG "master")
+  message("Using master as default value for PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG")
+endif()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}" CACHE BOOL "Set to ON to fetch copy of SDK from git if not otherwise locatable")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" CACHE FILEPATH "location to download SDK")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}" CACHE FILEPATH "release tag for SDK")
+
+if (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH)
+    if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT)
+        include(FetchContent)
+        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR})
+        if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH)
+            get_filename_component(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        endif ()
+        FetchContent_Declare(
+                pico_sdk
+                GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+        )
+
+        if (NOT pico_sdk)
+            message("Downloading Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+            # GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE was added in 3.17
+            if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.17.0")
+                FetchContent_Populate(
+                        pico_sdk
+                        QUIET
+                        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                        GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+                        GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE FALSE
+
+                        SOURCE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-src
+                        BINARY_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-build
+                        SUBBUILD_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-subbuild
+                )
+            else ()
+                FetchContent_Populate(
+                        pico_sdk
+                        QUIET
+                        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                        GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+
+                        SOURCE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-src
+                        BINARY_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-build
+                        SUBBUILD_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-subbuild
+                )
+            endif ()
+
+            set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${pico_sdk_SOURCE_DIR})
+        endif ()
+        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE})
+    else ()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+                "SDK location was not specified. Please set PICO_SDK_PATH or set PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT to on to fetch from git."
+                )
+    endif ()
+endif ()
+
+get_filename_component(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
+if (NOT EXISTS ${PICO_SDK_PATH})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Directory '${PICO_SDK_PATH}' not found")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE ${PICO_SDK_PATH}/pico_sdk_init.cmake)
+if (NOT EXISTS ${PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Directory '${PICO_SDK_PATH}' does not appear to contain the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${PICO_SDK_PATH} CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK" FORCE)
+
+include(${PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE})

lcd_example/.gitignore

+build
+!.vscode/*

lcd_example/CMakeLists.txt

+# == DO NOT EDIT THE FOLLOWING LINES for the Raspberry Pi Pico VS Code Extension to work ==
+if(WIN32)
+    set(USERHOME $ENV{USERPROFILE})
+else()
+    set(USERHOME $ENV{HOME})
+endif()
+set(sdkVersion 2.2.0)
+set(toolchainVersion 14_2_Rel1)
+set(picotoolVersion 2.2.0)
+set(picoVscode ${USERHOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/pico-vscode.cmake)
+if (EXISTS ${picoVscode})
+    include(${picoVscode})
+endif()
+# ====================================================================================
+set(PICO_BOARD pico CACHE STRING "Board type")
+
+set(PROGRAM_NAME lcd_draw)
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+include(pico_sdk_import.cmake)
+project(Pico-ResTouch-X_X_code)
+pico_sdk_init()
+
+add_subdirectory(lib/config)
+add_subdirectory(lib/lcd)
+add_subdirectory(lib/font)
+
+include_directories(./lib/config)
+include_directories(./lib/lcd)
+include_directories(./lib/font)
+
+add_executable(${PROGRAM_NAME} 
+main.c
+)
+
+# enable usb output, disable uart output
+pico_enable_stdio_usb(${PROGRAM_NAME} 1)
+pico_enable_stdio_uart(${PROGRAM_NAME} 0)
+
+# create map/bin/hex/uf2 file etc.
+pico_add_extra_outputs(${PROGRAM_NAME})
+
+target_link_libraries(${PROGRAM_NAME} 
+                        lcd 
+                        font 
+                        config 
+                        pico_stdlib 
+                        hardware_spi 
+                        hardware_pwm
+                        )

lcd_example/lib/config/CMakeLists.txt

+# 查找当前目录下的所有源文件
+# 并将名称保存到 DIR_Config_SRCS 变量
+aux_source_directory(. DIR_CONFIG_SRCS)
+
+# 生成链接库
+add_library(config ${DIR_CONFIG_SRCS})
+target_link_libraries(config PUBLIC pico_stdlib hardware_spi hardware_pwm)

lcd_example/lib/config/DEV_Config.c

+/*****************************************************************************
+* | File      	:	DEV_Config.c
+* | Author      :   Waveshare team
+* | Function    :	Show SDcard BMP picto LCD 
+* | Info        :
+*   Provide the hardware underlying interface	 
+*----------------
+* |	This version:   V1.0
+* | Date        :   2018-01-11
+* | Info        :   Basic version
+*
+******************************************************************************/
+#include "DEV_Config.h"
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+
+void DEV_Digital_Write(UWORD Pin, UBYTE Value)
+{
+	gpio_put(Pin, Value);
+}
+
+UBYTE DEV_Digital_Read(UWORD Pin)
+{
+	return gpio_get(Pin);
+}
+
+/**
+ * GPIO Mode
+**/
+void DEV_GPIO_Mode(UWORD Pin, UWORD Mode)
+{
+    gpio_init(Pin);
+    if(Mode == 0 || Mode == GPIO_IN) {
+        gpio_set_dir(Pin, GPIO_IN);
+    } else {
+        gpio_set_dir(Pin, GPIO_OUT);
+    }
+}
+
+void DEV_GPIO_Init(void)
+{
+	DEV_GPIO_Mode(LCD_RST_PIN,GPIO_OUT);
+    DEV_GPIO_Mode(LCD_DC_PIN, GPIO_OUT);
+    //DEV_GPIO_Mode(LCD_BKL_PIN, GPIO_OUT);
+    DEV_GPIO_Mode(LCD_CS_PIN, GPIO_OUT);
+    DEV_GPIO_Mode(TP_CS_PIN,GPIO_OUT);
+    DEV_GPIO_Mode(TP_IRQ_PIN,GPIO_IN);
+    DEV_GPIO_Mode(SD_CS_PIN,GPIO_OUT);
+	//gpio_set_pulls(TP_IRQ_PIN,true,false);
+
+    DEV_Digital_Write(TP_CS_PIN, 1);
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN, 1);
+    //DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_BKL_PIN, 0);
+	
+    DEV_Digital_Write(SD_CS_PIN, 1);
+
+	gpio_set_function(LCD_BKL_PIN, GPIO_FUNC_PWM);
+}
+
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:	System Init
+note:
+	Initialize the communication method
+********************************************************************************/
+uint8_t System_Init(void)
+{
+	stdio_init_all();
+	DEV_GPIO_Init();
+	spi_init(SPI_PORT,5000000);
+	gpio_set_function(LCD_CLK_PIN,GPIO_FUNC_SPI);
+	gpio_set_function(LCD_MOSI_PIN,GPIO_FUNC_SPI);
+	gpio_set_function(LCD_MISO_PIN,GPIO_FUNC_SPI);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void System_Exit(void)
+{
+
+}
+
+/*********************************************
+function:	Hardware interface
+note:
+	SPI4W_Write_Byte(value) : 
+		Register hardware SPI
+*********************************************/	
+uint8_t SPI4W_Write_Byte(uint8_t value)                                    
+{   
+	uint8_t rxDat;
+	spi_write_read_blocking(spi1,&value,&rxDat,1);
+    return rxDat;
+}
+
+uint8_t SPI4W_Read_Byte(uint8_t value)                                    
+{
+	return SPI4W_Write_Byte(value);
+}
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:	Delay function
+note:
+	Driver_Delay_ms(xms) : Delay x ms
+	Driver_Delay_us(xus) : Delay x us
+********************************************************************************/
+void Driver_Delay_ms(uint32_t xms)
+{
+	sleep_ms(xms);
+}
+
+void Driver_Delay_us(uint32_t xus)
+{
+	int j;
+    for(j=xus; j > 0; j--);
+}

lcd_example/lib/config/DEV_Config.h

+/*****************************************************************************
+* | File      	:	DEV_Config.c
+* | Author      :   Waveshare team
+* | Function    :	GPIO Function
+* | Info        :
+*   Provide the hardware underlying interface	 
+*----------------
+* |	This version:   V1.0
+* | Date        :   2018-01-11
+* | Info        :   Basic version
+*
+******************************************************************************/
+#ifndef _DEV_CONFIG_H_
+#define _DEV_CONFIG_H_
+
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#include "hardware/spi.h"
+#include "hardware/pwm.h"
+#include "stdio.h"
+
+#define UBYTE   uint8_t
+#define UWORD   uint16_t
+#define UDOUBLE uint32_t
+
+#define LCD_RST_PIN		15	
+#define LCD_DC_PIN		8
+#define LCD_CS_PIN		9
+#define LCD_CLK_PIN		10
+#define LCD_BKL_PIN		13
+#define LCD_MOSI_PIN	11
+#define LCD_MISO_PIN	12
+#define TP_CS_PIN		16
+#define TP_IRQ_PIN		17
+#define SD_CS_PIN		22
+
+#define SPI_PORT		spi1
+#define  MAX_BMP_FILES  25 
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void DEV_Digital_Write(UWORD Pin, UBYTE Value);
+UBYTE DEV_Digital_Read(UWORD Pin);
+void DEV_GPIO_Mode(UWORD Pin, UWORD Mode);
+void DEV_GPIO_Init(void);
+
+uint8_t System_Init(void);
+void System_Exit(void);
+uint8_t SPI4W_Write_Byte(uint8_t value);
+uint8_t SPI4W_Read_Byte(uint8_t value);
+
+void Driver_Delay_ms(uint32_t xms);
+void Driver_Delay_us(uint32_t xus);
+
+#endif

lcd_example/lib/font/CMakeLists.txt

+aux_source_directory(. DIR_font_SRCS)
+
+add_library(font ${DIR_font_SRCS})
+target_link_libraries(font PUBLIC)

lcd_example/lib/font/font12.c

+/**
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @file    Font12.c
+  * @author  MCD Application Team
+  * @version V1.0.0
+  * @date    18-February-2014
+  * @brief   This file provides text Font12 for STM32xx-EVAL's LCD driver. 
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @attention
+  *
+  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT(c) 2014 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
+  *
+  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+  * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+  *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+  *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  *      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+  *   3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
+  *      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+  *      without specific prior written permission.
+  *
+  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+  * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+  * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+  * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+  *
+  ******************************************************************************
+  */
+
+/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include "fonts.h"
+
+// 
+//  Font data for Courier New 12pt
+// 
+
+const uint8_t Font12_Table[] = 
+{
+	// @0 ' ' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @12 '!' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @24 '"' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x6C, //  ## ## 
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @36 '#' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x14, //    # # 
+	0x14, //    # # 
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x50, //  # #   
+	0x50, //  # #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @48 '$' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @60 '%' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x50, //  # #   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x0C, //     ## 
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x14, //    # # 
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @72 '&' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x18, //    ##  
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x34, //   ## # 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @84 ''' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @96 '(' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @108 ')' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @120 '*' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @132 '+' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0xFE, // #######
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @144 ',' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x18, //    ##  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @156 '-' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @168 '.' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @180 '/' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @192 '0' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @204 '1' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @216 '2' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @228 '3' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x18, //    ##  
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @240 '4' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x0C, //     ## 
+	0x14, //    # # 
+	0x14, //    # # 
+	0x24, //   #  # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x7E, //  ######
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x0E, //     ###
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @252 '5' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @264 '6' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x1C, //    ### 
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x78, //  ####  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @276 '7' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @288 '8' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @300 '9' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @312 ':' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @324 ';' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x18, //    ##  
+	0x18, //    ##  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x18, //    ##  
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @336 '<' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x0C, //     ## 
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x60, //  ##    
+	0x80, // #      
+	0x60, //  ##    
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x0C, //     ## 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @348 '=' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @360 '>' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0xC0, // ##     
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x18, //    ##  
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x18, //    ##  
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0xC0, // ##     
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @372 '?' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x18, //    ##  
+	0x24, //   #  # 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @384 '@' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x4C, //  #  ## 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x4C, //  #  ## 
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @396 'A' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @408 'B' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xF8, // #####  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x78, //  ####  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xF8, // #####  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @420 'C' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @432 'D' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xF0, // ####   
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0xF0, // ####   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @444 'E' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xFC, // ###### 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x50, //  # #   
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x50, //  # #   
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xFC, // ###### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @456 'F' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x7E, //  ######
+	0x22, //   #   #
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @468 'G' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x4E, //  #  ###
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @480 'H' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @492 'I' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @504 'J' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @516 'K' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x50, //  # #   
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xE6, // ###  ##
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @528 'L' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x24, //   #  # 
+	0x24, //   #  # 
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @540 'M' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x6C, //  ## ## 
+	0x6C, //  ## ## 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @552 'N' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x64, //  ##  # 
+	0x64, //  ##  # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x4C, //  #  ## 
+	0xEC, // ### ## 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @564 'O' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @576 'P' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x78, //  ####  
+	0x24, //   #  # 
+	0x24, //   #  # 
+	0x24, //   #  # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @588 'Q' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x1C, //    ### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @600 'R' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xF8, // #####  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x78, //  ####  
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xE2, // ###   #
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @612 'S' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x34, //   ## # 
+	0x4C, //  #  ## 
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x64, //  ##  # 
+	0x58, //  # ##  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @624 'T' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xFE, // #######
+	0x92, // #  #  #
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @636 'U' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @648 'V' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @660 'W' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @672 'X' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xC6, // ##   ##
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xC6, // ##   ##
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @684 'Y' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @696 'Z' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @708 '[' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @720 '\' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @732 ']' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @744 '^' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @756 '_' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0xFE, // #######
+
+	// @768 '`' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @780 'a' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x3E, //   #####
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @792 'b' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xC0, // ##     
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x58, //  # ##  
+	0x64, //  ##  # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xF8, // #####  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @804 'c' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @816 'd' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x0C, //     ## 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x34, //   ## # 
+	0x4C, //  #  ## 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x3E, //   #####
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @828 'e' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @840 'f' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x1C, //    ### 
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @852 'g' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x36, //   ## ##
+	0x4C, //  #  ## 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @864 'h' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xC0, // ##     
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x58, //  # ##  
+	0x64, //  ##  # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @876 'i' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @888 'j' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x78, //  ####  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @900 'k' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0xC0, // ##     
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0x5C, //  # ### 
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x70, //  ###   
+	0x50, //  # #   
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0xDC, // ## ### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @912 'l' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @924 'm' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0xE8, // ### #  
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0xFE, // #######
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @936 'n' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0xD8, // ## ##  
+	0x64, //  ##  # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @948 'o' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @960 'p' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0xD8, // ## ##  
+	0x64, //  ##  # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x78, //  ####  
+	0x40, //  #     
+	0xE0, // ###    
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @972 'q' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x36, //   ## ##
+	0x4C, //  #  ## 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x0E, //     ###
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @984 'r' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x6C, //  ## ## 
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @996 's' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x3C, //   #### 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x38, //   ###  
+	0x04, //      # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x78, //  ####  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1008 't' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x22, //   #   #
+	0x1C, //    ### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1020 'u' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0xCC, // ##  ## 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x4C, //  #  ## 
+	0x36, //   ## ##
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1032 'v' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1044 'w' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x54, //  # # # 
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1056 'x' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0xCC, // ##  ## 
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x30, //   ##   
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0xCC, // ##  ## 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1068 'y' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0xEE, // ### ###
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x24, //   #  # 
+	0x28, //   # #  
+	0x18, //    ##  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x78, //  ####  
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1080 'z' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x48, //  #  #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x44, //  #   # 
+	0x7C, //  ##### 
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1092 '{' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1104 '|' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1116 '}' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x08, //     #  
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x10, //    #   
+	0x20, //   #    
+	0x00, //        
+
+	// @1128 '~' (7 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x24, //   #  # 
+	0x58, //  # ##  
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+	0x00, //        
+};
+
+sFONT Font12 = {
+  Font12_Table,
+  7, /* Width */
+  12, /* Height */
+};
+
+/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

lcd_example/lib/font/font16.c

+/**
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @file    font16.c
+  * @author  MCD Application Team
+  * @version V1.0.0
+  * @date    18-February-2014
+  * @brief   This file provides text font16 for STM32xx-EVAL's LCD driver. 
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @attention
+  *
+  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT(c) 2014 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
+  *
+  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+  * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+  *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+  *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  *      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+  *   3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
+  *      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+  *      without specific prior written permission.
+  *
+  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+  * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+  * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+  * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+  *
+  ******************************************************************************
+  */
+
+/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include "fonts.h"
+
+// 
+//  Font data for Courier New 12pt
+// 
+
+const uint8_t Font16_Table[] = 
+{
+	// @0 ' ' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @32 '!' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @64 '"' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1D, 0xC0, //    ### ### 
+	0x1D, 0xC0, //    ### ### 
+	0x08, 0x80, //     #   #  
+	0x08, 0x80, //     #   #  
+	0x08, 0x80, //     #   #  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @96 '#' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##  
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##  
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##  
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##  
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ######## 
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ######## 
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @128 '$' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x38, 0x00, //   ###      
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####    
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####   
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######   
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @160 '%' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x24, 0x00, //   #  #     
+	0x24, 0x00, //   #  #     
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ## 
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####  
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####    
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x02, 0x40, //       #  # 
+	0x02, 0x40, //       #  # 
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @192 '&' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####   
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x1D, 0x80, //    ### ##  
+	0x37, 0x00, //   ## ###   
+	0x33, 0x00, //   ##  ##   
+	0x1D, 0x80, //    ### ##  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @224 ''' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###   
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###   
+	0x02, 0x00, //       #    
+	0x02, 0x00, //       #    
+	0x02, 0x00, //       #    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @256 '(' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @288 ')' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x1C, 0x00, //    ###     
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @320 '*' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ######## 
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ######## 
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####   
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######  
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @352 '+' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @384 ',' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x08, 0x00, //     #      
+	0x08, 0x00, //     #      
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @416 '-' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @448 '.' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @480 '/' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ## 
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ## 
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @512 '0' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @544 '1' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x3E, 0x00, //   #####    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ######## 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @576 '2' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####   
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @608 '3' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######   
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @640 '4' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###   
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###   
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####   
+	0x0B, 0x00, //     # ##   
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x13, 0x00, //    #  ##   
+	0x33, 0x00, //   ##  ##   
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @672 '5' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######  
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x11, 0x80, //    #   ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x21, 0x80, //   #    ##  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @704 '6' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####  
+	0x1C, 0x00, //    ###     
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x37, 0x00, //   ## ###   
+	0x39, 0x80, //   ###  ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##  
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @736 '7' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######   
+	0x43, 0x00, //  #    ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @768 '8' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @800 '9' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####    
+	0x33, 0x00, //   ##  ##   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x33, 0x80, //   ##  ###  
+	0x1D, 0x80, //    ### ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###   
+	0x3C, 0x00, //   ####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @832 ':' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @864 ';' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x08, 0x00, //     #      
+	0x08, 0x00, //     #      
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @896 '<' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ## 
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x60, 0x00, //  ##        
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ## 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @928 '=' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0xC0, //  ######### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0xC0, //  ######### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @960 '>' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x60, 0x00, //  ##        
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ## 
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x60, 0x00, //  ##        
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @992 '?' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###   
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1024 '@' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x11, 0x00, //    #   #   
+	0x21, 0x00, //   #    #   
+	0x21, 0x00, //   #    #   
+	0x27, 0x00, //   #  ###   
+	0x29, 0x00, //   # #  #   
+	0x29, 0x00, //   # #  #   
+	0x27, 0x00, //   #  ###   
+	0x20, 0x00, //   #        
+	0x11, 0x00, //    #   #   
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1056 'A' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######   
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####   
+	0x09, 0x00, //     #  #   
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##  
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##  
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######  
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x79, 0xE0, //  ####  ####
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1088 'B' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1120 'C' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x40, //    ##### # 
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x60, 0x40, //  ##      # 
+	0x60, 0x00, //  ##        
+	0x60, 0x00, //  ##        
+	0x60, 0x00, //  ##        
+	0x60, 0x40, //  ##      # 
+	0x30, 0x80, //   ##    #  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1152 'D' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1184 'E' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0x80, //  ########  
+	0x30, 0x80, //   ##    #  
+	0x30, 0x80, //   ##    #  
+	0x32, 0x00, //   ##  #    
+	0x3E, 0x00, //   #####    
+	0x32, 0x00, //   ##  #    
+	0x30, 0x80, //   ##    #  
+	0x30, 0x80, //   ##    #  
+	0x7F, 0x80, //  ########  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1216 'F' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0xC0, //  ######### 
+	0x30, 0x40, //   ##     # 
+	0x30, 0x40, //   ##     # 
+	0x32, 0x00, //   ##  #    
+	0x3E, 0x00, //   #####    
+	0x32, 0x00, //   ##  #    
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x7C, 0x00, //  #####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1248 'G' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1E, 0x80, //    #### #  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x60, 0x80, //  ##     #  
+	0x60, 0x00, //  ##        
+	0x60, 0x00, //  ##        
+	0x67, 0xC0, //  ##  ##### 
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1280 'H' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1312 'I' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ######## 
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ######## 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1344 'J' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    ####### 
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x63, 0x00, //  ##   ##   
+	0x63, 0x00, //  ##   ##   
+	0x63, 0x00, //  ##   ##   
+	0x3E, 0x00, //   #####    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1376 'K' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x33, 0x00, //   ##  ##   
+	0x36, 0x00, //   ## ##    
+	0x3C, 0x00, //   ####     
+	0x3E, 0x00, //   #####    
+	0x33, 0x00, //   ##  ##   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x79, 0xC0, //  ####  ### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1408 'L' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7E, 0x00, //  ######    
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x40, //    ##    # 
+	0x18, 0x40, //    ##    # 
+	0x18, 0x40, //    ##    # 
+	0x7F, 0xC0, //  ######### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1440 'M' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0xE0, 0xE0, // ###     ###
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x71, 0xC0, //  ###   ### 
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x6A, 0xC0, //  ## # # ## 
+	0x6E, 0xC0, //  ## ### ## 
+	0x64, 0xC0, //  ##  #  ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0xFB, 0xE0, // ##### #####
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1472 'N' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x73, 0xC0, //  ###  #### 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x39, 0x80, //   ###  ##  
+	0x3D, 0x80, //   #### ##  
+	0x35, 0x80, //   ## # ##  
+	0x37, 0x80, //   ## ####  
+	0x33, 0x80, //   ##  ###  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x79, 0x80, //  ####  ##  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1504 'O' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1536 'P' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######   
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x7E, 0x00, //  ######    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1568 'Q' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ## 
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1600 'R' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x3E, 0x00, //   #####    
+	0x33, 0x00, //   ##  ##   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x7C, 0xE0, //  #####  ###
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1632 'S' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x38, 0x00, //   ###      
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1664 'T' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0x80, //  ########  
+	0x4C, 0x80, //  #  ##  #  
+	0x4C, 0x80, //  #  ##  #  
+	0x4C, 0x80, //  #  ##  #  
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1696 'U' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1728 'V' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x0A, 0x00, //     # #    
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1760 'W' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0xFB, 0xE0, // ##### #####
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x64, 0xC0, //  ##  #  ## 
+	0x6E, 0xC0, //  ## ### ## 
+	0x6E, 0xC0, //  ## ### ## 
+	0x2A, 0x80, //   # # # #  
+	0x3B, 0x80, //   ### ###  
+	0x3B, 0x80, //   ### ###  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1792 'X' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1824 'Y' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x79, 0xE0, //  ####  ####
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##  
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####   
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1856 'Z' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x21, 0x80, //   #    ##  
+	0x23, 0x00, //   #   ##   
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x18, 0x80, //    ##   #  
+	0x30, 0x80, //   ##    #  
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1888 '[' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####  
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1920 '\' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ## 
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ## 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1952 ']' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @1984 '^' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x0A, 0x00, //     # #    
+	0x0A, 0x00, //     # #    
+	0x11, 0x00, //    #   #   
+	0x20, 0x80, //   #     #  
+	0x20, 0x80, //   #     #  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2016 '_' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0xFF, 0xE0, // ###########
+
+	// @2048 '`' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x08, 0x00, //     #      
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #     
+	0x02, 0x00, //       #    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2080 'a' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x33, 0x80, //   ##  ###  
+	0x1D, 0xC0, //    ### ### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2112 'b' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x70, 0x00, //  ###       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x37, 0x00, //   ## ###   
+	0x39, 0x80, //   ###  ##  
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x39, 0x80, //   ###  ##  
+	0x77, 0x00, //  ### ###   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2144 'c' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1E, 0x80, //    #### #  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x60, 0x80, //  ##     #  
+	0x60, 0x00, //  ##        
+	0x60, 0x80, //  ##     #  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2176 'd' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x1D, 0x80, //    ### ##  
+	0x33, 0x80, //   ##  ###  
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x33, 0x80, //   ##  ###  
+	0x1D, 0xC0, //    ### ### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2208 'e' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x7F, 0xC0, //  ######### 
+	0x60, 0x00, //  ##        
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2240 'f' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x07, 0xE0, //      ######
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2272 'g' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1D, 0xC0, //    ### ### 
+	0x33, 0x80, //   ##  ###  
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x33, 0x80, //   ##  ###  
+	0x1D, 0x80, //    ### ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2304 'h' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x70, 0x00, //  ###       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x37, 0x00, //   ## ###   
+	0x39, 0x80, //   ###  ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2336 'i' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ######## 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2368 'j' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x3E, 0x00, //   #####    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2400 'k' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x70, 0x00, //  ###       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x37, 0x80, //   ## ####  
+	0x36, 0x00, //   ## ##    
+	0x3C, 0x00, //   ####     
+	0x3C, 0x00, //   ####     
+	0x36, 0x00, //   ## ##    
+	0x33, 0x00, //   ##  ##   
+	0x77, 0xC0, //  ### ##### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2432 'l' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ######## 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2464 'm' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7F, 0x80, //  ########  
+	0x36, 0xC0, //   ## ## ## 
+	0x36, 0xC0, //   ## ## ## 
+	0x36, 0xC0, //   ## ## ## 
+	0x36, 0xC0, //   ## ## ## 
+	0x36, 0xC0, //   ## ## ## 
+	0x76, 0xE0, //  ### ## ###
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2496 'n' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x77, 0x00, //  ### ###   
+	0x39, 0x80, //   ###  ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2528 'o' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2560 'p' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x77, 0x00, //  ### ###   
+	0x39, 0x80, //   ###  ##  
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x39, 0x80, //   ###  ##  
+	0x37, 0x00, //   ## ###   
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##       
+	0x7C, 0x00, //  #####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2592 'q' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1D, 0xC0, //    ### ### 
+	0x33, 0x80, //   ##  ###  
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x61, 0x80, //  ##    ##  
+	0x33, 0x80, //   ##  ###  
+	0x1D, 0x80, //    ### ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##  
+	0x07, 0xC0, //      ##### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2624 'r' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7B, 0x80, //  #### ###  
+	0x1C, 0xC0, //    ###  ## 
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2656 's' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x3C, 0x00, //   ####     
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####   
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2688 't' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######   
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x18, 0x80, //    ##   #  
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2720 'u' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x73, 0x80, //  ###  ###  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x33, 0x80, //   ##  ###  
+	0x1D, 0xC0, //    ### ### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2752 'v' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2784 'w' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0xF1, 0xE0, // ####   ####
+	0x60, 0xC0, //  ##     ## 
+	0x64, 0xC0, //  ##  #  ## 
+	0x6E, 0xC0, //  ## ### ## 
+	0x3B, 0x80, //   ### ###  
+	0x3B, 0x80, //   ### ###  
+	0x31, 0x80, //   ##   ##  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2816 'x' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##   
+	0x7B, 0xC0, //  #### #### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2848 'y' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x79, 0xE0, //  ####  ####
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ## 
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##  
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##  
+	0x0B, 0x00, //     # ##   
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####   
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x3E, 0x00, //   #####    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2880 'z' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x21, 0x80, //   #    ##  
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###    
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x30, 0x80, //   ##    #  
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######  
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2912 '{' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2944 '|' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @2976 '}' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##     
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+
+	// @3008 '~' (11 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##      
+	0x24, 0x80, //   #  #  #  
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##   
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+	0x00, 0x00, //            
+};
+
+sFONT Font16 = {
+  Font16_Table,
+  11, /* Width */
+  16, /* Height */
+};
+
+/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

lcd_example/lib/font/font20.c

+/**
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @file    font20.c
+  * @author  MCD Application Team
+  * @version V1.0.0
+  * @date    18-February-2014
+  * @brief   This file provides text font20 for STM32xx-EVAL's LCD driver. 
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @attention
+  *
+  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT(c) 2014 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
+  *
+  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+  * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+  *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+  *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  *      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+  *   3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
+  *      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+  *      without specific prior written permission.
+  *
+  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+  * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+  * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+  * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+  *
+  ******************************************************************************
+  */
+
+/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include "fonts.h"
+
+// Character bitmaps for Courier New 15pt
+const uint8_t Font20_Table[] = 
+{
+	// @0 ' ' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @40 '!' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x02, 0x00, //       #       
+	0x02, 0x00, //       #       
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @80 '"' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1C, 0xE0, //    ###  ###   
+	0x1C, 0xE0, //    ###  ###   
+	0x1C, 0xE0, //    ###  ###   
+	0x08, 0x40, //     #    #    
+	0x08, 0x40, //     #    #    
+	0x08, 0x40, //     #    #    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @120 '#' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @160 '$' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x07, 0xE0, //      ######   
+	0x0F, 0xE0, //     #######   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####      
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x00, 0xE0, //         ###   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @200 '%' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1C, 0x00, //    ###        
+	0x22, 0x00, //   #   #       
+	0x22, 0x00, //   #   #       
+	0x22, 0x00, //   #   #       
+	0x1C, 0x60, //    ###   ##   
+	0x01, 0xE0, //        ####   
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####     
+	0x3C, 0x00, //   ####        
+	0x31, 0xC0, //   ##   ###    
+	0x02, 0x20, //       #   #   
+	0x02, 0x20, //       #   #   
+	0x02, 0x20, //       #   #   
+	0x01, 0xC0, //        ###    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @240 '&' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0xE0, //       #####   
+	0x0F, 0xE0, //     #######   
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x0F, 0x30, //     ####  ##  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x19, 0xE0, //    ##  ####   
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x07, 0xB0, //      #### ##  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @280 ''' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x01, 0x00, //        #      
+	0x01, 0x00, //        #      
+	0x01, 0x00, //        #      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @320 '(' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @360 ')' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @400 '*' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x1B, 0x60, //    ## ## ##   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @440 '+' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @480 ',' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #        
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @520 '-' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @560 '.' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @600 '/' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @640 '0' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####     
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @680 '1' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####      
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @720 '2' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####     
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x38, 0xE0, //   ###   ###   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @760 '3' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####     
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ########    
+	0x30, 0xE0, //   ##    ###   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0xE0, //         ###   
+	0x07, 0xC0, //      #####    
+	0x07, 0xC0, //      #####    
+	0x00, 0xE0, //         ###   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x60, 0xE0, //  ##     ###   
+	0x7F, 0xC0, //  #########    
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @800 '4' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x01, 0xC0, //        ###    
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x06, 0xC0, //      ## ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x30, 0xC0, //   ##    ##    
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x03, 0xE0, //       #####   
+	0x03, 0xE0, //       #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @840 '5' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x18, 0xE0, //    ##   ###   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x30, 0xE0, //   ##    ###   
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ########    
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @880 '6' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0xE0, //       #####   
+	0x0F, 0xE0, //     #######   
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####       
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x38, 0x00, //   ###         
+	0x37, 0x80, //   ## ####     
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ########    
+	0x38, 0xE0, //   ###   ###   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x18, 0xE0, //    ##   ###   
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @920 '7' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @960 '8' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####     
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x38, 0xE0, //   ###   ###   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x38, 0xE0, //   ###   ###   
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x38, 0xE0, //   ###   ###   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x38, 0xE0, //   ###   ###   
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1000 '9' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####      
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x38, 0xC0, //   ###   ##    
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x38, 0xE0, //   ###   ###   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x0F, 0x60, //     #### ##   
+	0x00, 0xE0, //         ###   
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######     
+	0x3E, 0x00, //   #####       
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1040 ':' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1080 ';' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x01, 0xC0, //        ###    
+	0x01, 0xC0, //        ###    
+	0x01, 0xC0, //        ###    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #        
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1120 '<' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x30, //           ##  
+	0x00, 0xF0, //         ####  
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x1C, 0x00, //    ###        
+	0x78, 0x00, //  ####         
+	0x1C, 0x00, //    ###        
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x00, 0xF0, //         ####  
+	0x00, 0x30, //           ##  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1160 '=' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x7F, 0xF0, //  ###########  
+	0x7F, 0xF0, //  ###########  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x7F, 0xF0, //  ###########  
+	0x7F, 0xF0, //  ###########  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1200 '>' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x3C, 0x00, //   ####        
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####      
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x00, 0xE0, //         ###   
+	0x00, 0x78, //          #### 
+	0x00, 0xE0, //         ###   
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####      
+	0x3C, 0x00, //   ####        
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1240 '?' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####     
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x01, 0xC0, //        ###    
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1280 '@' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x0C, 0x80, //     ##  #     
+	0x08, 0x40, //     #    #    
+	0x10, 0x40, //    #     #    
+	0x10, 0x40, //    #     #    
+	0x11, 0xC0, //    #   ###    
+	0x12, 0x40, //    #  #  #    
+	0x12, 0x40, //    #  #  #    
+	0x12, 0x40, //    #  #  #    
+	0x11, 0xC0, //    #   ###    
+	0x10, 0x00, //    #          
+	0x08, 0x00, //     #         
+	0x08, 0x40, //     #    #    
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1320 'A' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x06, 0xC0, //      ## ##    
+	0x06, 0xC0, //      ## ##    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x0C, 0x60, //     ##   ##   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x78, 0x78, //  ####    #### 
+	0x78, 0x78, //  ####    #### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1360 'B' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######     
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ########    
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0xE0, //    ##   ###   
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1400 'C' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0xB0, //      #### ##  
+	0x0F, 0xF0, //     ########  
+	0x1C, 0x70, //    ###   ###  
+	0x38, 0x30, //   ###     ##  
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x38, 0x30, //   ###     ##  
+	0x1C, 0x70, //    ###   ###  
+	0x0F, 0xE0, //     #######   
+	0x07, 0xC0, //      #####    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1440 'D' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x7F, 0x80, //  ########     
+	0x7F, 0xC0, //  #########    
+	0x30, 0xE0, //   ##    ###   
+	0x30, 0x70, //   ##     ###  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x70, //   ##     ###  
+	0x30, 0xE0, //   ##    ###   
+	0x7F, 0xC0, //  #########    
+	0x7F, 0x80, //  ########     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1480 'E' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##     
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##     
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1520 'F' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##     
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##     
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######      
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1560 'G' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0xB0, //      #### ##  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x31, 0xF8, //   ##   ###### 
+	0x31, 0xF8, //   ##   ###### 
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x07, 0xC0, //      #####    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1600 'H' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1640 'I' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1680 'J' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0xF8, //       ####### 
+	0x03, 0xF8, //       ####### 
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0xE0, //   ##    ###   
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ########    
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1720 'K' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3E, 0xF8, //   ##### ##### 
+	0x3E, 0xF8, //   ##### ##### 
+	0x18, 0xE0, //    ##   ###   
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##     
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##      
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####      
+	0x1D, 0x80, //    ### ##     
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x3E, 0x78, //   #####  #### 
+	0x3E, 0x38, //   #####   ### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1760 'L' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######      
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######      
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x30, //     ##    ##  
+	0x0C, 0x30, //     ##    ##  
+	0x0C, 0x30, //     ##    ##  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1800 'M' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x78, 0x78, //  ####    #### 
+	0x78, 0x78, //  ####    #### 
+	0x38, 0x70, //   ###    ###  
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x34, 0xB0, //   ## #  # ##  
+	0x37, 0xB0, //   ## #### ##  
+	0x37, 0xB0, //   ## #### ##  
+	0x33, 0x30, //   ##  ##  ##  
+	0x33, 0x30, //   ##  ##  ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x7C, 0xF8, //  #####  ##### 
+	0x7C, 0xF8, //  #####  ##### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1840 'N' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x39, 0xF0, //   ###  #####  
+	0x3D, 0xF0, //   #### #####  
+	0x1C, 0x60, //    ###   ##   
+	0x1E, 0x60, //    ####  ##   
+	0x1E, 0x60, //    ####  ##   
+	0x1B, 0x60, //    ## ## ##   
+	0x1B, 0x60, //    ## ## ##   
+	0x19, 0xE0, //    ##  ####   
+	0x19, 0xE0, //    ##  ####   
+	0x18, 0xE0, //    ##   ###   
+	0x3E, 0xE0, //   ##### ###   
+	0x3E, 0x60, //   #####  ##   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1880 'O' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x1C, 0xE0, //    ###  ###   
+	0x38, 0x70, //   ###    ###  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x38, 0x70, //   ###    ###  
+	0x1C, 0xE0, //    ###  ###   
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1920 'P' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ########    
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######      
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @1960 'Q' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x1C, 0xE0, //    ###  ###   
+	0x38, 0x70, //   ###    ###  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x38, 0x70, //   ###    ###  
+	0x1C, 0xE0, //    ###  ###   
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x07, 0xB0, //      #### ##  
+	0x0F, 0xF0, //     ########  
+	0x0C, 0xE0, //     ##  ###   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2000 'R' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ########    
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x18, 0xE0, //    ##   ###   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x3E, 0x38, //   #####   ### 
+	0x3E, 0x18, //   #####    ## 
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2040 'S' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0F, 0xB0, //     ##### ##  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x38, 0x70, //   ###    ###  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x38, 0x00, //   ###         
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x07, 0xE0, //      ######   
+	0x00, 0x70, //          ###  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x38, 0x70, //   ###    ###  
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x37, 0xC0, //   ## #####    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2080 'T' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x33, 0x30, //   ##  ##  ##  
+	0x33, 0x30, //   ##  ##  ##  
+	0x33, 0x30, //   ##  ##  ##  
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2120 'U' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x1C, 0xE0, //    ###  ###   
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2160 'V' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##     
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##     
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##     
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2200 'W' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x7C, 0x7C, //  #####   #####
+	0x7C, 0x7C, //  #####   #####
+	0x30, 0x18, //   ##       ## 
+	0x33, 0x98, //   ##  ###  ## 
+	0x33, 0x98, //   ##  ###  ## 
+	0x33, 0x98, //   ##  ###  ## 
+	0x36, 0xD8, //   ## ## ## ## 
+	0x16, 0xD0, //    # ## ## #  
+	0x1C, 0x70, //    ###   ###  
+	0x1C, 0x70, //    ###   ###  
+	0x1C, 0x70, //    ###   ###  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2240 'X' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##     
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##     
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2280 'Y' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2320 'Z' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x0C, 0x60, //     ##   ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2360 '[' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2400 '\' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2440 ']' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####      
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####      
+	0x0F, 0x00, //     ####      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2480 '^' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x02, 0x00, //       #       
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##     
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x20, 0x20, //   #       #   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2520 '_' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0xFF, 0xFC, // ##############
+	0xFF, 0xFC, // ##############
+
+	// @2560 '`' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x04, 0x00, //      #        
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x00, 0x80, //         #     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2600 'a' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x00, 0x60, //          ##   
+	0x0F, 0xE0, //     #######   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x38, 0x60, //   ###    ##   
+	0x30, 0xE0, //   ##    ###   
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x1F, 0x70, //    ##### ###  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2640 'b' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x70, 0x00, //  ###          
+	0x70, 0x00, //  ###          
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x37, 0x80, //   ## ####     
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x38, 0x60, //   ###    ##   
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x38, 0x60, //   ###    ##   
+	0x7F, 0xE0, //  ##########   
+	0x77, 0x80, //  ### ####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2680 'c' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0xB0, //      #### ##  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x38, 0x30, //   ###     ##  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2720 'd' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x70, //          ###  
+	0x00, 0x70, //          ###  
+	0x00, 0x30, //           ##  
+	0x00, 0x30, //           ##  
+	0x07, 0xB0, //      #### ##  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x38, 0x70, //   ###    ###  
+	0x1F, 0xF8, //    ########## 
+	0x07, 0xB8, //      #### ### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2760 'e' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, //   ##########  
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x18, 0x30, //    ##     ##  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x07, 0xC0, //      #####    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2800 'f' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0xF0, //       ######  
+	0x07, 0xF0, //      #######  
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2840 'g' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0xB8, //      #### ### 
+	0x1F, 0xF8, //    ########## 
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x07, 0xB0, //      #### ##  
+	0x00, 0x30, //           ##  
+	0x00, 0x70, //          ###  
+	0x0F, 0xE0, //     #######   
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2880 'h' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x38, 0x00, //   ###         
+	0x38, 0x00, //   ###         
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x1B, 0xC0, //    ## ####    
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1C, 0x60, //    ###   ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2920 'i' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####      
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @2960 'j' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x1F, 0xC0, //    #######    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x00, 0xC0, //         ##    
+	0x01, 0xC0, //        ###    
+	0x3F, 0x80, //   #######     
+	0x3F, 0x00, //   ######      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3000 'k' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x38, 0x00, //   ###         
+	0x38, 0x00, //   ###         
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x18, 0x00, //    ##         
+	0x1B, 0xE0, //    ## #####   
+	0x1B, 0xE0, //    ## #####   
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##      
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####       
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####       
+	0x1B, 0x00, //    ## ##      
+	0x19, 0x80, //    ##  ##     
+	0x39, 0xF0, //   ###  #####  
+	0x39, 0xF0, //   ###  #####  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3040 'l' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####      
+	0x1F, 0x00, //    #####      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3080 'm' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x7E, 0xE0, //  ###### ###   
+	0x7F, 0xF0, //  ###########  
+	0x33, 0x30, //   ##  ##  ##  
+	0x33, 0x30, //   ##  ##  ##  
+	0x33, 0x30, //   ##  ##  ##  
+	0x33, 0x30, //   ##  ##  ##  
+	0x33, 0x30, //   ##  ##  ##  
+	0x7B, 0xB8, //  #### ### ### 
+	0x7B, 0xB8, //  #### ### ### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3120 'n' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3B, 0xC0, //   ### ####    
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x1C, 0x60, //    ###   ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3160 'o' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3200 'p' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x77, 0x80, //  ### ####     
+	0x7F, 0xE0, //  ##########   
+	0x38, 0x60, //   ###    ##   
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x38, 0x60, //   ###    ##   
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x37, 0x80, //   ## ####     
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x30, 0x00, //   ##          
+	0x7C, 0x00, //  #####        
+	0x7C, 0x00, //  #####        
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3240 'q' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0xB8, //      #### ### 
+	0x1F, 0xF8, //    ########## 
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x30, 0x30, //   ##      ##  
+	0x18, 0x70, //    ##    ###  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x07, 0xB0, //      #### ##  
+	0x00, 0x30, //           ##  
+	0x00, 0x30, //           ##  
+	0x00, 0xF8, //         ##### 
+	0x00, 0xF8, //         ##### 
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3280 'r' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3C, 0xE0, //   ####  ###   
+	0x3D, 0xF0, //   #### #####  
+	0x0F, 0x30, //     ####  ##  
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###       
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ########    
+	0x3F, 0xC0, //   ########    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3320 's' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x07, 0xE0, //      ######   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####       
+	0x0F, 0xC0, //     ######    
+	0x01, 0xE0, //        ####   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0x80, //    ######     
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3360 't' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x3F, 0xE0, //   #########   
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x0C, 0x30, //     ##    ##  
+	0x0F, 0xF0, //     ########  
+	0x07, 0xC0, //      #####    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3400 'u' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x38, 0xE0, //   ###   ###   
+	0x38, 0xE0, //   ###   ###   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0x60, //    ##    ##   
+	0x18, 0xE0, //    ##   ###   
+	0x1F, 0xF0, //    #########  
+	0x0F, 0x70, //     #### ###  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3440 'v' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##     
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##     
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3480 'w' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x32, 0x60, //   ##  #  ##   
+	0x32, 0x60, //   ##  #  ##   
+	0x37, 0xE0, //   ## ######   
+	0x1D, 0xC0, //    ### ###    
+	0x1D, 0xC0, //    ### ###    
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3520 'x' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x07, 0x80, //      ####     
+	0x0C, 0xC0, //     ##  ##    
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x3C, 0xF0, //   ####  ####  
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3560 'y' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x78, 0xF0, //  ####   ####  
+	0x30, 0x60, //   ##     ##   
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x0D, 0x80, //     ## ##     
+	0x0F, 0x80, //     #####     
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x0C, 0x00, //     ##        
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######      
+	0x7F, 0x00, //  #######      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3600 'z' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x18, 0xC0, //    ##   ##    
+	0x01, 0x80, //        ##     
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x0C, 0x60, //     ##   ##   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x1F, 0xE0, //    ########   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3640 '{' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x01, 0xC0, //        ###    
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###       
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0xC0, //       ####    
+	0x01, 0xC0, //        ###    
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3680 '|' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x03, 0x00, //       ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3720 '}' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x1C, 0x00, //    ###        
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x03, 0x80, //       ###     
+	0x07, 0x00, //      ###      
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x06, 0x00, //      ##       
+	0x1E, 0x00, //    ####       
+	0x1C, 0x00, //    ###        
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+
+	// @3760 '~' (14 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x0E, 0x00, //     ###       
+	0x3F, 0x30, //   ######  ##  
+	0x33, 0xF0, //   ##  ######  
+	0x01, 0xE0, //        ####   
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+	0x00, 0x00, //               
+};
+
+
+sFONT Font20 = {
+  Font20_Table,
+  14, /* Width */
+  20, /* Height */
+};
+
+/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

lcd_example/lib/font/font24.c

+/**
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @file    font24.c
+  * @author  MCD Application Team
+  * @version V1.0.0
+  * @date    18-February-2014
+  * @brief   This file provides text font24 for STM32xx-EVAL's LCD driver. 
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @attention
+  *
+  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT(c) 2014 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
+  *
+  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+  * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+  *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+  *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  *      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+  *   3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
+  *      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+  *      without specific prior written permission.
+  *
+  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+  * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+  * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+  * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+  *
+  ******************************************************************************
+  */
+
+/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include "fonts.h"
+
+const uint8_t Font24_Table [] = 
+{
+	// @0 ' ' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @72 '!' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x00, //        #         
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x00, //        #         
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @144 '"' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x0E, 0x70, 0x00, //     ###  ###     
+	0x0E, 0x70, 0x00, //     ###  ###     
+	0x0E, 0x70, 0x00, //     ###  ###     
+	0x04, 0x20, 0x00, //      #    #      
+	0x04, 0x20, 0x00, //      #    #      
+	0x04, 0x20, 0x00, //      #    #      
+	0x04, 0x20, 0x00, //      #    #      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @216 '#' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x0C, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ##  ##       
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ##  ##       
+	0x0C, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ##  ##       
+	0x0C, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ##  ##       
+	0x0C, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ##  ##       
+	0x0C, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ##  ##       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @288 '$' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x07, 0xB0, 0x00, //      #### ##     
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x18, 0x70, 0x00, //    ##    ###     
+	0x18, 0x70, 0x00, //    ##    ###     
+	0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, //    ###           
+	0x0F, 0x80, 0x00, //     #####        
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, //         ####     
+	0x18, 0x30, 0x00, //    ##     ##     
+	0x1C, 0x30, 0x00, //    ###    ##     
+	0x1C, 0x70, 0x00, //    ###   ###     
+	0x1F, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ########      
+	0x1B, 0xC0, 0x00, //    ## ####       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @360 '%' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0x80, 0x00, //      ####        
+	0x0F, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ######       
+	0x1C, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ###  ###      
+	0x18, 0x60, 0x00, //    ##    ##      
+	0x18, 0x60, 0x00, //    ##    ##      
+	0x1C, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ###  ###      
+	0x0F, 0xF8, 0x00, //     #########    
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x07, 0x38, 0x00, //      ###  ###    
+	0x06, 0x18, 0x00, //      ##    ##    
+	0x06, 0x18, 0x00, //      ##    ##    
+	0x07, 0x38, 0x00, //      ###  ###    
+	0x03, 0xF0, 0x00, //       ######     
+	0x01, 0xE0, 0x00, //        ####      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @432 '&' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xF0, 0x00, //       ######     
+	0x07, 0xF0, 0x00, //      #######     
+	0x0C, 0x60, 0x00, //     ##   ##      
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x0F, 0x9C, 0x00, //     #####  ###   
+	0x1D, 0xFC, 0x00, //    ### #######   
+	0x18, 0xF0, 0x00, //    ##   ####     
+	0x18, 0x70, 0x00, //    ##    ###     
+	0x0F, 0xFC, 0x00, //     ##########   
+	0x07, 0xDC, 0x00, //      ##### ###   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @504 ''' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x00, //        #         
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x00, //        #         
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x00, //        #         
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x00, //        #         
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @576 '(' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x38, 0x00, //           ###    
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x00, //          ###     
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, //         ####     
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x00, //          ###     
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x00, //          ###     
+	0x00, 0x38, 0x00, //           ###    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @648 ')' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, //    ###           
+	0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, //     ###          
+	0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, //     ###          
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, //     ####         
+	0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, //     ###          
+	0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, //    ###           
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @720 '*' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x1D, 0xB8, 0x00, //    ### ## ###    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @792 '+' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @864 ',' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @936 '-' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1008 '.' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1080 '/' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x38, 0x00, //           ###    
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x00, //          ###     
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x00, //          ##      
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x00, //          ##      
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, //     ###          
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, //    ###           
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1152 '0' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1224 '1' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x80, 0x00, //         #        
+	0x07, 0x80, 0x00, //      ####        
+	0x1F, 0x80, 0x00, //    ######        
+	0x1D, 0x80, 0x00, //    ### ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1296 '2' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0xC0, 0x00, //      #####       
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x38, 0x30, 0x00, //   ###     ##     
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x00, //          ##      
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1368 '3' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x0F, 0xE0, 0x00, //     #######      
+	0x0C, 0x70, 0x00, //     ##   ###     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x00, //          ##      
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x03, 0xE0, 0x00, //       #####      
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x00, //          ###     
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x0F, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ######       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1440 '4' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x01, 0xE0, 0x00, //        ####      
+	0x01, 0xE0, 0x00, //        ####      
+	0x03, 0x60, 0x00, //       ## ##      
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x0C, 0x60, 0x00, //     ##   ##      
+	0x0C, 0x60, 0x00, //     ##   ##      
+	0x18, 0x60, 0x00, //    ##    ##      
+	0x30, 0x60, 0x00, //   ##     ##      
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x00, //          ##      
+	0x03, 0xF8, 0x00, //       #######    
+	0x03, 0xF8, 0x00, //       #######    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1512 '5' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x1B, 0xC0, 0x00, //    ## ####       
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x1C, 0x30, 0x00, //    ###    ##     
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x30, 0x30, 0x00, //   ##      ##     
+	0x3F, 0xF0, 0x00, //   ##########     
+	0x0F, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ######       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1584 '6' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, //         #####    
+	0x03, 0xF8, 0x00, //       #######    
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, //     ###          
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x1B, 0xC0, 0x00, //    ## ####       
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x1C, 0x30, 0x00, //    ###    ##     
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x38, 0x00, //     ##    ###    
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x03, 0xE0, 0x00, //       #####      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1656 '7' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x00, //          ###     
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x00, //          ##      
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x00, //          ##      
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1728 '8' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1800 '9' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0xC0, 0x00, //      #####       
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x1C, 0x30, 0x00, //    ###    ##     
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x38, 0x00, //     ##    ###    
+	0x0F, 0xF8, 0x00, //     #########    
+	0x03, 0xD8, 0x00, //       #### ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x00, //          ###     
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x1F, 0xC0, 0x00, //    #######       
+	0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, //    #####         
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1872 ':' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @1944 ';' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, //         ####     
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, //         ####     
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, //         ####     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x02, 0x00, 0x00, //       #          
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2016 '<' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, //            ###   
+	0x00, 0x3C, 0x00, //           ####   
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, //         ####     
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, //     ####         
+	0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, //   ####           
+	0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, // ####             
+	0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, //   ####           
+	0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, //     ####         
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, //         ####     
+	0x00, 0x3C, 0x00, //           ####   
+	0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, //            ###   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2088 '=' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7F, 0xFC, 0x00, //  #############   
+	0x7F, 0xFC, 0x00, //  #############   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7F, 0xFC, 0x00, //  #############   
+	0x7F, 0xFC, 0x00, //  #############   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2160 '>' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x70, 0x00, 0x00, //  ###             
+	0x78, 0x00, 0x00, //  ####            
+	0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, //    ####          
+	0x07, 0x80, 0x00, //      ####        
+	0x01, 0xE0, 0x00, //        ####      
+	0x00, 0x78, 0x00, //          ####    
+	0x00, 0x1E, 0x00, //            ####  
+	0x00, 0x78, 0x00, //          ####    
+	0x01, 0xE0, 0x00, //        ####      
+	0x07, 0x80, 0x00, //      ####        
+	0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, //    ####          
+	0x78, 0x00, 0x00, //  ####            
+	0x70, 0x00, 0x00, //  ###             
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2232 '?' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0xC0, 0x00, //      #####       
+	0x0F, 0xE0, 0x00, //     #######      
+	0x18, 0x70, 0x00, //    ##    ###     
+	0x18, 0x30, 0x00, //    ##     ##     
+	0x18, 0x30, 0x00, //    ##     ##     
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x00, //          ###     
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2304 '@' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xE0, 0x00, //       #####      
+	0x07, 0xF0, 0x00, //      #######     
+	0x0E, 0x38, 0x00, //     ###   ###    
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x18, 0x78, 0x00, //    ##    ####    
+	0x18, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##   #####    
+	0x19, 0xD8, 0x00, //    ##  ### ##    
+	0x19, 0x98, 0x00, //    ##  ##  ##    
+	0x19, 0x98, 0x00, //    ##  ##  ##    
+	0x19, 0x98, 0x00, //    ##  ##  ##    
+	0x18, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##   #####    
+	0x18, 0x78, 0x00, //    ##    ####    
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0E, 0x18, 0x00, //     ###    ##    
+	0x07, 0xF8, 0x00, //      ########    
+	0x03, 0xE0, 0x00, //       #####      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2376 'A' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x1F, 0x80, 0x00, //    ######        
+	0x1F, 0xC0, 0x00, //    #######       
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x03, 0x60, 0x00, //       ## ##      
+	0x03, 0x60, 0x00, //       ## ##      
+	0x06, 0x30, 0x00, //      ##   ##     
+	0x06, 0x30, 0x00, //      ##   ##     
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x0F, 0xF8, 0x00, //     #########    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0xFC, 0x7F, 0x00, // ######   ####### 
+	0xFC, 0x7F, 0x00, // ######   ####### 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2448 'B' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7F, 0xE0, 0x00, //  ##########      
+	0x7F, 0xF0, 0x00, //  ###########     
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x18, 0x1C, 0x00, //    ##      ###   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x7F, 0xF8, 0x00, //  ############    
+	0x7F, 0xF0, 0x00, //  ###########     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2520 'C' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xEC, 0x00, //       ##### ##   
+	0x0F, 0xFC, 0x00, //     ##########   
+	0x1C, 0x1C, 0x00, //    ###     ###   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x1C, 0x1C, 0x00, //    ###     ###   
+	0x0F, 0xF8, 0x00, //     #########    
+	0x03, 0xF0, 0x00, //       ######     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2592 'D' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7F, 0xC0, 0x00, //  #########       
+	0x7F, 0xF0, 0x00, //  ###########     
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x7F, 0xF0, 0x00, //  ###########     
+	0x7F, 0xE0, 0x00, //  ##########      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2664 'E' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7F, 0xF8, 0x00, //  ############    
+	0x7F, 0xF8, 0x00, //  ############    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x19, 0x98, 0x00, //    ##  ##  ##    
+	0x19, 0x80, 0x00, //    ##  ##        
+	0x1F, 0x80, 0x00, //    ######        
+	0x1F, 0x80, 0x00, //    ######        
+	0x19, 0x80, 0x00, //    ##  ##        
+	0x19, 0x98, 0x00, //    ##  ##  ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x7F, 0xF8, 0x00, //  ############    
+	0x7F, 0xF8, 0x00, //  ############    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2736 'F' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, //     ##      ##   
+	0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, //     ##      ##   
+	0x0C, 0xCC, 0x00, //     ##  ##  ##   
+	0x0C, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ##  ##       
+	0x0F, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ######       
+	0x0F, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ######       
+	0x0C, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ##  ##       
+	0x0C, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ##  ##       
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, //   ########       
+	0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, //   ########       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2808 'G' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xEC, 0x00, //       ##### ##   
+	0x0F, 0xFC, 0x00, //     ##########   
+	0x1C, 0x1C, 0x00, //    ###     ###   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x30, 0xFE, 0x00, //   ##    #######  
+	0x30, 0xFE, 0x00, //   ##    #######  
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x38, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ###       ##   
+	0x1C, 0x1C, 0x00, //    ###     ###   
+	0x0F, 0xFC, 0x00, //     ##########   
+	0x03, 0xF0, 0x00, //       ######     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2880 'H' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @2952 'I' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3024 'J' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0xFE, 0x00, //      ##########  
+	0x07, 0xFE, 0x00, //      ##########  
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x30, 0x30, 0x00, //   ##      ##     
+	0x30, 0x30, 0x00, //   ##      ##     
+	0x30, 0x30, 0x00, //   ##      ##     
+	0x30, 0x30, 0x00, //   ##      ##     
+	0x30, 0x60, 0x00, //   ##     ##      
+	0x3F, 0xE0, 0x00, //   #########      
+	0x0F, 0x80, 0x00, //     #####        
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3096 'K' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7F, 0x3E, 0x00, //  #######  #####  
+	0x7F, 0x3E, 0x00, //  #######  #####  
+	0x18, 0x30, 0x00, //    ##     ##     
+	0x18, 0x60, 0x00, //    ##    ##      
+	0x18, 0xC0, 0x00, //    ##   ##       
+	0x19, 0x80, 0x00, //    ##  ##        
+	0x1B, 0x80, 0x00, //    ## ###        
+	0x1F, 0xC0, 0x00, //    #######       
+	0x1C, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ###  ###      
+	0x18, 0x70, 0x00, //    ##    ###     
+	0x18, 0x30, 0x00, //    ##     ##     
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x7F, 0x1F, 0x00, //  #######   ##### 
+	0x7F, 0x1F, 0x00, //  #######   ##### 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3168 'L' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7F, 0x80, 0x00, //  ########        
+	0x7F, 0x80, 0x00, //  ########        
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, //     ##      ##   
+	0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, //     ##      ##   
+	0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, //     ##      ##   
+	0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, //     ##      ##   
+	0x7F, 0xFC, 0x00, //  #############   
+	0x7F, 0xFC, 0x00, //  #############   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3240 'M' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0xF0, 0x0F, 0x00, // ####        #### 
+	0xF8, 0x1F, 0x00, // #####      ##### 
+	0x38, 0x1C, 0x00, //   ###      ###   
+	0x3C, 0x3C, 0x00, //   ####    ####   
+	0x3C, 0x3C, 0x00, //   ####    ####   
+	0x36, 0x6C, 0x00, //   ## ##  ## ##   
+	0x36, 0x6C, 0x00, //   ## ##  ## ##   
+	0x33, 0xCC, 0x00, //   ##  ####  ##   
+	0x33, 0xCC, 0x00, //   ##  ####  ##   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0xFE, 0x7F, 0x00, // #######  ####### 
+	0xFE, 0x7F, 0x00, // #######  ####### 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3312 'N' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x78, 0xFE, 0x00, //  ####   #######  
+	0x78, 0xFE, 0x00, //  ####   #######  
+	0x1C, 0x18, 0x00, //    ###     ##    
+	0x1E, 0x18, 0x00, //    ####    ##    
+	0x1F, 0x18, 0x00, //    #####   ##    
+	0x1B, 0x18, 0x00, //    ## ##   ##    
+	0x1B, 0x98, 0x00, //    ## ###  ##    
+	0x19, 0xD8, 0x00, //    ##  ### ##    
+	0x18, 0xD8, 0x00, //    ##   ## ##    
+	0x18, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##   #####    
+	0x18, 0x78, 0x00, //    ##    ####    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x7F, 0x18, 0x00, //  #######   ##    
+	0x7F, 0x18, 0x00, //  #######   ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3384 'O' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x38, 0x1C, 0x00, //   ###      ###   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x38, 0x1C, 0x00, //   ###      ###   
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3456 'P' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x3F, 0xF0, 0x00, //   ##########     
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x0C, 0x1C, 0x00, //     ##     ###   
+	0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, //     ##      ##   
+	0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, //     ##      ##   
+	0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, //     ##      ##   
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x0F, 0xF8, 0x00, //     #########    
+	0x0F, 0xE0, 0x00, //     #######      
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, //   ########       
+	0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, //   ########       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3528 'Q' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x38, 0x1C, 0x00, //   ###      ###   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x38, 0x1C, 0x00, //   ###      ###   
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x07, 0xC0, 0x00, //      #####       
+	0x07, 0xCC, 0x00, //      #####  ##   
+	0x0F, 0xFC, 0x00, //     ##########   
+	0x0C, 0x38, 0x00, //     ##    ###    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3600 'R' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7F, 0xE0, 0x00, //  ##########      
+	0x7F, 0xF0, 0x00, //  ###########     
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x1F, 0xC0, 0x00, //    #######       
+	0x18, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ##   ###      
+	0x18, 0x70, 0x00, //    ##    ###     
+	0x18, 0x30, 0x00, //    ##     ##     
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x7F, 0x1E, 0x00, //  #######   ####  
+	0x7F, 0x0E, 0x00, //  #######    ###  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3672 'S' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0xD8, 0x00, //      ##### ##    
+	0x0F, 0xF8, 0x00, //     #########    
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, //    ####          
+	0x0F, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ######       
+	0x03, 0xF0, 0x00, //       ######     
+	0x00, 0x78, 0x00, //          ####    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x1B, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ## #####      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3744 'T' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3816 'U' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3888 'V' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7F, 0x7F, 0x00, //  ####### ####### 
+	0x7F, 0x7F, 0x00, //  ####### ####### 
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x06, 0x30, 0x00, //      ##   ##     
+	0x06, 0x30, 0x00, //      ##   ##     
+	0x03, 0x60, 0x00, //       ## ##      
+	0x03, 0x60, 0x00, //       ## ##      
+	0x03, 0x60, 0x00, //       ## ##      
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x00, 0x80, 0x00, //         #        
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @3960 'W' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0xFE, 0x3F, 0x80, // #######   #######
+	0xFE, 0x3F, 0x80, // #######   #######
+	0x30, 0x06, 0x00, //   ##         ##  
+	0x30, 0x06, 0x00, //   ##         ##  
+	0x30, 0x86, 0x00, //   ##    #    ##  
+	0x19, 0xCC, 0x00, //    ##  ###  ##   
+	0x19, 0xCC, 0x00, //    ##  ###  ##   
+	0x1B, 0x6C, 0x00, //    ## ## ## ##   
+	0x1B, 0x6C, 0x00, //    ## ## ## ##   
+	0x1E, 0x7C, 0x00, //    ####  #####   
+	0x0E, 0x38, 0x00, //     ###   ###    
+	0x0E, 0x38, 0x00, //     ###   ###    
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4032 'X' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4104 'Y' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7C, 0x7E, 0x00, //  #####   ######  
+	0x7C, 0x7E, 0x00, //  #####   ######  
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4176 'Z' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x30, 0x00, //    ##     ##     
+	0x18, 0x60, 0x00, //    ##    ##      
+	0x18, 0xC0, 0x00, //    ##   ##       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x06, 0x18, 0x00, //      ##    ##    
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4248 '[' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x01, 0xF0, 0x00, //        #####     
+	0x01, 0xF0, 0x00, //        #####     
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0xF0, 0x00, //        #####     
+	0x01, 0xF0, 0x00, //        #####     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4320 '\' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, //    ###           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, //     ###          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x00, //          ##      
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x00, //          ##      
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x00, //          ###     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x38, 0x00, //           ###    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4392 ']' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x0F, 0x80, 0x00, //     #####        
+	0x0F, 0x80, 0x00, //     #####        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x0F, 0x80, 0x00, //     #####        
+	0x0F, 0x80, 0x00, //     #####        
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4464 '^' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x80, 0x00, //         #        
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x03, 0xE0, 0x00, //       #####      
+	0x07, 0x70, 0x00, //      ### ###     
+	0x06, 0x30, 0x00, //      ##   ##     
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x10, 0x04, 0x00, //    #         #   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4536 '_' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, // ################ 
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, // ################ 
+
+	// @4608 '`' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x00, //          ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4680 'a' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x0F, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ######       
+	0x1F, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ########      
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x07, 0xF0, 0x00, //      #######     
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x38, 0x30, 0x00, //   ###     ##     
+	0x30, 0x30, 0x00, //   ##      ##     
+	0x30, 0x70, 0x00, //   ##     ###     
+	0x1F, 0xFC, 0x00, //    ###########   
+	0x0F, 0xBC, 0x00, //     ##### ####   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4752 'b' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x78, 0x00, 0x00, //  ####            
+	0x78, 0x00, 0x00, //  ####            
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x1B, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ## #####      
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1C, 0x18, 0x00, //    ###     ##    
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x1C, 0x18, 0x00, //    ###     ##    
+	0x7F, 0xF8, 0x00, //  ############    
+	0x7B, 0xE0, 0x00, //  #### #####      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4824 'c' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xEC, 0x00, //       ##### ##   
+	0x0F, 0xFC, 0x00, //     ##########   
+	0x1C, 0x1C, 0x00, //    ###     ###   
+	0x38, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ###       ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x38, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ###       ##   
+	0x1C, 0x1C, 0x00, //    ###     ###   
+	0x0F, 0xF8, 0x00, //     #########    
+	0x03, 0xF0, 0x00, //       ######     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4896 'd' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x78, 0x00, //          ####    
+	0x00, 0x78, 0x00, //          ####    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x07, 0xD8, 0x00, //      ##### ##    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x1F, 0xFE, 0x00, //    ############  
+	0x07, 0xDE, 0x00, //      ##### ####  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @4968 'e' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x30, 0x00, 0x00, //   ##             
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x1F, 0xFC, 0x00, //    ###########   
+	0x07, 0xF0, 0x00, //      #######     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5040 'f' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x01, 0xFC, 0x00, //        #######   
+	0x03, 0xFC, 0x00, //       ########   
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x3F, 0xF8, 0x00, //   ###########    
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x3F, 0xF0, 0x00, //   ##########     
+	0x3F, 0xF0, 0x00, //   ##########     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5112 'g' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0xDE, 0x00, //      ##### ####  
+	0x1F, 0xFE, 0x00, //    ############  
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x07, 0xD8, 0x00, //      ##### ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x38, 0x00, //           ###    
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x0F, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ######       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5184 'h' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x78, 0x00, 0x00, //  ####            
+	0x78, 0x00, 0x00, //  ####            
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x1B, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ## #####      
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5256 'i' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x1F, 0x80, 0x00, //    ######        
+	0x1F, 0x80, 0x00, //    ######        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5328 'j' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x00, //           ##     
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x00, //          ###     
+	0x1F, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ########      
+	0x1F, 0x80, 0x00, //    ######        
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5400 'k' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, //   ####           
+	0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, //   ####           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0xF8, 0x00, //     ##  #####    
+	0x0C, 0xF8, 0x00, //     ##  #####    
+	0x0C, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ##  ##       
+	0x0D, 0x80, 0x00, //     ## ##        
+	0x0F, 0x80, 0x00, //     #####        
+	0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, //     ####         
+	0x0F, 0x80, 0x00, //     #####        
+	0x0D, 0xC0, 0x00, //     ## ###       
+	0x0C, 0xE0, 0x00, //     ##  ###      
+	0x3C, 0x7C, 0x00, //   ####   #####   
+	0x3C, 0x7C, 0x00, //   ####   #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5472 'l' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x1F, 0x80, 0x00, //    ######        
+	0x1F, 0x80, 0x00, //    ######        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x3F, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ############   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5544 'm' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0xF7, 0x78, 0x00, // #### ### ####    
+	0xFF, 0xFC, 0x00, // ##############   
+	0x39, 0xCC, 0x00, //   ###  ###  ##   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0x31, 0x8C, 0x00, //   ##   ##   ##   
+	0xFD, 0xEF, 0x00, // ###### #### #### 
+	0xFD, 0xEF, 0x00, // ###### #### #### 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5616 'n' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7B, 0xE0, 0x00, //  #### #####      
+	0x7F, 0xF0, 0x00, //  ###########     
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00, //  ######  ######  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5688 'o' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x38, 0x1C, 0x00, //   ###      ###   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, //   ##        ##   
+	0x38, 0x1C, 0x00, //   ###      ###   
+	0x1C, 0x38, 0x00, //    ###    ###    
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5760 'p' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7B, 0xE0, 0x00, //  #### #####      
+	0x7F, 0xF8, 0x00, //  ############    
+	0x1C, 0x18, 0x00, //    ###     ##    
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x1C, 0x18, 0x00, //    ###     ##    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1B, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ## #####      
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x18, 0x00, 0x00, //    ##            
+	0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, //  #######         
+	0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, //  #######         
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5832 'q' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0xDE, 0x00, //      ##### ####  
+	0x1F, 0xFE, 0x00, //    ############  
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x30, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##       ##    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x07, 0xD8, 0x00, //      ##### ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0x18, 0x00, //            ##    
+	0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, //         #######  
+	0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, //         #######  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5904 'r' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x3E, 0x78, 0x00, //   #####  ####    
+	0x3E, 0xFC, 0x00, //   ##### ######   
+	0x07, 0xCC, 0x00, //      #####  ##   
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x06, 0x00, 0x00, //      ##          
+	0x3F, 0xF0, 0x00, //   ##########     
+	0x3F, 0xF0, 0x00, //   ##########     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @5976 's' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0xF8, 0x00, //      ########    
+	0x0F, 0xF8, 0x00, //     #########    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x1F, 0x80, 0x00, //    ######        
+	0x0F, 0xF0, 0x00, //     ########     
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, //         #####    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x1F, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #########     
+	0x1F, 0xE0, 0x00, //    ########      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6048 't' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x3F, 0xF0, 0x00, //   ##########     
+	0x3F, 0xF0, 0x00, //   ##########     
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, //     ##           
+	0x0C, 0x1C, 0x00, //     ##     ###   
+	0x07, 0xFC, 0x00, //      #########   
+	0x03, 0xF0, 0x00, //       ######     
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6120 'u' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x78, 0x78, 0x00, //  ####    ####    
+	0x78, 0x78, 0x00, //  ####    ####    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x38, 0x00, //    ##     ###    
+	0x0F, 0xFE, 0x00, //     ###########  
+	0x07, 0xDE, 0x00, //      ##### ####  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6192 'v' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7C, 0x3E, 0x00, //  #####    #####  
+	0x7C, 0x3E, 0x00, //  #####    #####  
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x18, 0x18, 0x00, //    ##      ##    
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x07, 0xE0, 0x00, //      ######      
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6264 'w' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x78, 0x3C, 0x00, //  ####     ####   
+	0x78, 0x3C, 0x00, //  ####     ####   
+	0x31, 0x18, 0x00, //   ##   #   ##    
+	0x33, 0x98, 0x00, //   ##  ###  ##    
+	0x33, 0x98, 0x00, //   ##  ###  ##    
+	0x1A, 0xB0, 0x00, //    ## # # ##     
+	0x1E, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #### ####     
+	0x1E, 0xF0, 0x00, //    #### ####     
+	0x1C, 0x60, 0x00, //    ###   ##      
+	0x0C, 0x60, 0x00, //     ##   ##      
+	0x0C, 0x60, 0x00, //     ##   ##      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6336 'x' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x3E, 0x7C, 0x00, //   #####  #####   
+	0x3E, 0x7C, 0x00, //   #####  #####   
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, //       ####       
+	0x06, 0x60, 0x00, //      ##  ##      
+	0x0C, 0x30, 0x00, //     ##    ##     
+	0x3E, 0x7C, 0x00, //   #####  #####   
+	0x3E, 0x7C, 0x00, //   #####  #####   
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6408 'y' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x7E, 0x1F, 0x00, //  ######    ##### 
+	0x7E, 0x1F, 0x00, //  ######    ##### 
+	0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, //    ##       ##   
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x06, 0x30, 0x00, //      ##   ##     
+	0x06, 0x30, 0x00, //      ##   ##     
+	0x03, 0x60, 0x00, //       ## ##      
+	0x03, 0xE0, 0x00, //       #####      
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, //   ########       
+	0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, //   ########       
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6480 'z' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x18, 0x30, 0x00, //    ##     ##     
+	0x18, 0x60, 0x00, //    ##    ##      
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x00, //         ##       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x03, 0x00, 0x00, //       ##         
+	0x06, 0x18, 0x00, //      ##    ##    
+	0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, //     ##     ##    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x1F, 0xF8, 0x00, //    ##########    
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6552 '{' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x01, 0xE0, 0x00, //        ####      
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x03, 0x80, 0x00, //       ###        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0xE0, 0x00, //        ####      
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6624 '|' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6696 '}' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x07, 0x80, 0x00, //      ####        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x01, 0xC0, 0x00, //        ###       
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x01, 0x80, 0x00, //        ##        
+	0x07, 0x80, 0x00, //      ####        
+	0x07, 0x00, 0x00, //      ###         
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+
+	// @6768 '~' (17 pixels wide)
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, //     ###          
+	0x1F, 0x18, 0x00, //    #####   ##    
+	0x3B, 0xB8, 0x00, //   ### ### ###    
+	0x31, 0xF0, 0x00, //   ##   #####     
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, //         ###      
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //                  
+};
+
+sFONT Font24 = {
+  Font24_Table,
+  17, /* Width */
+  24, /* Height */
+};
+
+/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

lcd_example/lib/font/font8.c

+/**
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @file    Font8.c
+  * @author  MCD Application Team
+  * @version V1.0.0
+  * @date    18-February-2014
+  * @brief   This file provides text Font8 for STM32xx-EVAL's LCD driver. 
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @attention
+  *
+  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT(c) 2014 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
+  *
+  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+  * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+  *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+  *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  *      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+  *   3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
+  *      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+  *      without specific prior written permission.
+  *
+  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+  * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+  * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+  * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+  *
+  ******************************************************************************
+  */
+
+/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include "fonts.h"
+
+// 
+//  Font data for Courier New 12pt
+// 
+
+const uint8_t Font8_Table[] = 
+{
+	// @0 ' ' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @8 '!' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @16 '"' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @24 '#' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x28, //   # #
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0xF8, // #####
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0xF8, // #####
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0xA0, // # #  
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @32 '$' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @40 '%' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x18, //    ##
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @48 '&' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x78, //  ####
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @56 ''' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @64 '(' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @72 ')' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @80 '*' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @88 '+' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0xF8, // #####
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @96 ',' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @104 '-' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @112 '.' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @120 '/' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x80, // #    
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @128 '0' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @136 '1' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0xF8, // #####
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @144 '2' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @152 '3' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @160 '4' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x78, //  ####
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @168 '5' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @176 '6' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @184 '7' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @192 '8' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @200 '9' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @208 ':' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @216 ';' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @224 '<' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0xC0, // ##   
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @232 '=' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @240 '>' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x18, //    ##
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @248 '?' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @256 '@' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x58, //  # ##
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @264 'A' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x88, // #   #
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @272 'B' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xF0, // #### 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0xF0, // #### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @280 'C' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @288 'D' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xF0, // #### 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0xF0, // #### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @296 'E' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xF8, // #####
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0xF8, // #####
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @304 'F' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xF8, // #####
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0xE0, // ###  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @312 'G' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x58, //  # ##
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @320 'H' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xE8, // ### #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x78, //  ####
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0xE8, // ### #
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @328 'I' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @336 'J' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @344 'K' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @352 'L' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xE0, // ###  
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0xF8, // #####
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @360 'M' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0xA8, // # # #
+	0x88, // #   #
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @368 'N' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x68, //  ## #
+	0x68, //  ## #
+	0x58, //  # ##
+	0x58, //  # ##
+	0xE8, // ### #
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @376 'O' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @384 'P' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xF0, // #### 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0xE0, // ###  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @392 'Q' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x18, //    ##
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @400 'R' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xF0, // #### 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0xE8, // ### #
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @408 'S' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @416 'T' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xF8, // #####
+	0xA8, // # # #
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @424 'U' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @432 'V' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x88, // #   #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @440 'W' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x88, // #   #
+	0xA8, // # # #
+	0xA8, // # # #
+	0xA8, // # # #
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @448 'X' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @456 'Y' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x88, // #   #
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @464 'Z' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x78, //  ####
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x78, //  ####
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @472 '[' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @480 '\' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x80, // #    
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @488 ']' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @496 '^' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @504 '_' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0xF8, // #####
+
+	// @512 '`' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @520 'a' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x78, //  ####
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @528 'b' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xC0, // ##   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0xF0, // #### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @536 'c' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @544 'd' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x18, //    ##
+	0x08, //     #
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @552 'e' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @560 'f' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @568 'g' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x08, //     #
+	0x30, //   ## 
+
+	// @576 'h' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xC0, // ##   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0xE8, // ### #
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @584 'i' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @592 'j' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x70, //  ### 
+
+	// @600 'k' (5 pixels wide)
+	0xC0, // ##   
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x58, //  # ##
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @608 'l' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @616 'm' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0xD0, // ## # 
+	0xA8, // # # #
+	0xA8, // # # #
+	0xA8, // # # #
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @624 'n' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0xF0, // #### 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0xC8, // ##  #
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @632 'o' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @640 'p' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0xF0, // #### 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0xE0, // ###  
+
+	// @648 'q' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x08, //     #
+	0x18, //    ##
+
+	// @656 'r' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x78, //  ####
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x70, //  ### 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @664 's' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @672 't' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0xF0, // #### 
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @680 'u' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x38, //   ###
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @688 'v' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0xC8, // ##  #
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @696 'w' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0xA8, // # # #
+	0xA8, // # # #
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @704 'x' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x48, //  #  #
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @712 'y' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0xD8, // ## ##
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x60, //  ##  
+
+	// @720 'z' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x78, //  ####
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x28, //   # #
+	0x78, //  ####
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @728 '{' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x60, //  ##  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x10, //    # 
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @736 '|' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @744 '}' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x30, //   ## 
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x20, //   #  
+	0x40, //  #   
+	0x00, //      
+
+	// @752 '~' (5 pixels wide)
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x28, //   # #
+	0x50, //  # # 
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+	0x00, //      
+};
+
+sFONT Font8 = {
+  Font8_Table,
+  5, /* Width */
+  8, /* Height */
+};
+
+/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

lcd_example/lib/font/fonts.h

+/**
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @file    fonts.h
+  * @author  MCD Application Team
+  * @version V1.0.0
+  * @date    18-February-2014
+  * @brief   Header for fonts.c file
+  ******************************************************************************
+  * @attention
+  *
+  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT(c) 2014 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
+  *
+  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+  * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+  *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+  *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  *      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  *      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+  *   3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
+  *      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+  *      without specific prior written permission.
+  *
+  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+  * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+  * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+  * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+  *
+  ******************************************************************************
+  */
+
+/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __FONTS_H
+#define __FONTS_H
+
+/* Max size of bitmap will based on a font24 (17x24) */
+#define MAX_HEIGHT_FONT         24
+#define MAX_WIDTH_FONT          17
+#define OFFSET_BITMAP           54
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+ extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef struct _tFont
+{    
+  const uint8_t *table;
+  uint16_t Width;
+  uint16_t Height;
+  
+} sFONT;
+
+extern sFONT Font24;
+extern sFONT Font20;
+extern sFONT Font16;
+extern sFONT Font12;
+extern sFONT Font8;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+  
+#endif /* __FONTS_H */
+ 
+
+/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

lcd_example/lib/lcd/CMakeLists.txt

+aux_source_directory(. DIR_LCD_SRCS)
+
+include_directories(../config)
+include_directories(../font)
+
+add_library(lcd ${DIR_LCD_SRCS})
+target_link_libraries(lcd PUBLIC config font pico_stdlib)

lcd_example/lib/lcd/LCD_Driver.c

+/*****************************************************************************
+* | File      	:	LCD_Driver.c
+* | Author      :   Waveshare team
+* | Function    :	LCD Drive function
+* | Info        :
+*   Image scanning
+*      Please use progressive scanning to generate images or fonts
+*----------------
+* |	This version:   V1.0
+* | Date        :   2018-01-11
+* | Info        :   Basic version
+*
+******************************************************************************/
+
+/**************************Intermediate driver layer**************************/
+#include "LCD_Driver.h"
+
+LCD_DIS sLCD_DIS;
+uint8_t id;
+/*******************************************************************************
+function:
+	Hardware reset
+*******************************************************************************/
+static void LCD_Reset(void)
+{
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_RST_PIN,1);
+    Driver_Delay_ms(500);
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_RST_PIN,0);
+    Driver_Delay_ms(500);
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_RST_PIN,1);
+    Driver_Delay_ms(500);
+}
+void PWM_SetValue(uint16_t duty)
+{	
+	uint slice_num = pwm_gpio_to_slice_num(LCD_BKL_PIN);
+	pwm_set_wrap(slice_num, 10000);
+	pwm_set_chan_level(slice_num, PWM_CHAN_B, duty*10);
+	pwm_set_enabled(slice_num, true);
+}
+void LCD_SetBackLight(uint16_t value)
+{
+	PWM_SetValue(value);
+}
+/*******************************************************************************
+function:
+		Write register address and data
+*******************************************************************************/
+void LCD_WriteReg(uint8_t Reg)
+{
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_DC_PIN,0);
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN,0);
+    SPI4W_Write_Byte(Reg);
+	DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN,1);
+}
+
+void LCD_WriteData(uint16_t Data)
+{
+	if(LCD_2_8 == id){
+		DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_DC_PIN,1);
+		DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN,0);
+		SPI4W_Write_Byte((uint8_t)Data);
+		DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN,1);
+	}else{
+		DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_DC_PIN,1);
+		DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN,0);
+		SPI4W_Write_Byte(Data >> 8);
+		SPI4W_Write_Byte(Data & 0XFF);
+		DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN,1);
+	}
+    
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+function:
+		Write register data
+*******************************************************************************/
+static void LCD_Write_AllData(uint16_t Data, uint32_t DataLen)
+{
+    uint32_t i;
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_DC_PIN,1);
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN,0);
+    for(i = 0; i < DataLen; i++) {
+        SPI4W_Write_Byte(Data >> 8);
+        SPI4W_Write_Byte(Data & 0XFF);
+    }
+	DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN,1);
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+function:
+		Common register initialization
+*******************************************************************************/
+static void LCD_InitReg(void)
+{
+	id = LCD_Read_Id();
+	if(LCD_2_8 == id){
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x11);
+		Driver_Delay_ms(100);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x36);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x00);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x3a);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x55);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xb2);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0c);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0c);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x00);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x33);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x33);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xb7);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x35);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xbb);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x28);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xc0);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x3c);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xc2);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x01);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xc3);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0b);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xc4);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x20);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xc6);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0f);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xD0);
+		LCD_WriteData(0xa4);
+		LCD_WriteData(0xa1);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xe0);
+		LCD_WriteData(0xd0);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x01);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x08);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0f);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x11);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x2a);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x36);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x55);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x44);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x3a);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0b);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x06);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x11);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x20);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xe1);
+		LCD_WriteData(0xd0);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x02);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x07);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0a);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0b);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x18);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x34);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x43);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x4a);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x2b);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x1b);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x1c);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x22);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x1f);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x55);
+		LCD_WriteData(0xB0);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x29);
+	}else{
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x21);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xC2);	//Normal mode, increase can change the display quality, while increasing power consumption
+		LCD_WriteData(0x33);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0XC5);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x00);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x1e);//VCM_REG[7:0]. <=0X80.
+		LCD_WriteData(0x80);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xB1);//Sets the frame frequency of full color normal mode
+		LCD_WriteData(0xB0);//0XB0 =70HZ, <=0XB0.0xA0=62HZ
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x36);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x28); //2 DOT FRAME MODE,F<=70HZ.
+		LCD_WriteReg(0XE0);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x13);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x18);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x04);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0F);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x06);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x3a);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x56);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x4d);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x03);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0a);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x06);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x30);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x3e);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0f);		
+		LCD_WriteReg(0XE1);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x13);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x18);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x01);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x11);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x06);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x38);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x34);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x4d);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x06);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0d);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0b);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x31);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x37);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x0f);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0X3A);	//Set Interface Pixel Format
+		LCD_WriteData(0x55);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x11);//sleep out
+		Driver_Delay_ms(120);
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x29);//Turn on the LCD display
+	}
+}
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:	Set the display scan and color transfer modes
+parameter:
+		Scan_dir   :   Scan direction
+		Colorchose :   RGB or GBR color format
+********************************************************************************/
+void LCD_SetGramScanWay(LCD_SCAN_DIR Scan_dir)
+{
+    uint16_t MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0; //addr:0x36
+    uint16_t DisFunReg_Data = 0; //addr:0xB6
+
+	if(LCD_2_8 == id){
+		/*		it will support later		*/
+		//Pico-ResTouch-LCD-2.8
+		// switch(Scan_dir){
+			// case L2R_U2D:
+				// /* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 0, ML = 0 RGB = 0 MH = 0 NN = 0 NN = 0*/
+				// MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x00;
+				// break;
+			// case L2R_D2U:
+				// /* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 0, ML = 1 RGB = 0 MH = 0 NN = 0 NN = 0*/
+				// MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x10;
+				// break;
+			// case R2L_U2D: 
+				// /* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 0, ML = 0 RGB = 0 MH = 1 NN = 0 NN = 0*/
+				// MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x04;
+				// break;
+			// case R2L_D2U: 
+				// /* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 0, ML = 1 RGB = 0 MH = 1 NN = 0 NN = 0*/
+				// MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x14;
+				// break;
+			// case U2D_L2R: //0X2
+				// /* Memory access control: MY = 1, MX = 0, MV = 1, ML = 0 RGB = 0 MH = 0 NN = 0 NN = 0*/
+				// MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0xA0;
+				// break;
+			// case U2D_R2L: //0X6
+				// /* Memory access control: MY = 1, MX = 0, MV = 1, ML = 0 RGB = 0 MH = 1 NN = 0 NN = 0*/
+				// MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0xA4;
+				// break;
+			// case D2U_L2R: //0XA
+				// /* Memory access control: MY = 1, MX = 0, MV = 1, ML = 1 RGB = 0 MH = 0 NN = 0 NN = 0*/
+				// MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0xB0;
+				// break;
+			// case D2U_R2L: //0XE
+				// /* Memory access control: MY = 1, MX = 0, MV = 1, ML = 1 RGB = 0 MH = 1 NN = 0 NN = 0*/
+				// MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0xB4;
+				// break;
+		// }
+		sLCD_DIS.LCD_Scan_Dir = Scan_dir;
+		//Get GRAM and LCD width and height
+		//240*320,vertical default
+		// if(Scan_dir == L2R_U2D || Scan_dir == L2R_D2U || Scan_dir == R2L_U2D || Scan_dir == R2L_D2U) {
+			// sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column	= LCD_2_8_WIDTH ;
+			// sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page =  LCD_2_8_HEIGHT;
+		// } else {
+			// sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column	=  LCD_2_8_HEIGHT;
+			// sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page = LCD_2_8_WIDTH ;
+		// }
+
+		sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column	= LCD_2_8_WIDTH ;
+		sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page =  LCD_2_8_HEIGHT;
+		
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x36);
+		// LCD_WriteData(MemoryAccessReg_Data);
+		LCD_WriteData(0x00);
+	}else{
+		//Pico-ResTouch-LCD-3.5
+		// Gets the scan direction of GRAM
+		switch (Scan_dir) {
+		case L2R_U2D:
+			/* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 0, ML = 0 */
+			/* Display Function control: NN = 0, GS = 0, SS = 1, SM = 0	*/
+			MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x08;
+			DisFunReg_Data = 0x22;
+			break;
+		case L2R_D2U:
+			/* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 0, ML = 0 */
+			/* Display Function control: NN = 0, GS = 1, SS = 1, SM = 0	*/
+			MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x08;
+			DisFunReg_Data = 0x62;
+			break;
+		case R2L_U2D: 
+			/* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 0, ML = 0 */
+			/* Display Function control: NN = 0, GS = 0, SS = 0, SM = 0	*/
+			MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x08;
+			DisFunReg_Data = 0x02;
+			break;
+		case R2L_D2U: 
+			/* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 0, ML = 0 */
+			/* Display Function control: NN = 0, GS = 1, SS = 0, SM = 0	*/
+			MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x08;
+			DisFunReg_Data = 0x42;
+			break;
+		case U2D_L2R: //0X2
+			/* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 1, ML = 0 	X-Y Exchange*/
+			/* Display Function control: NN = 0, GS = 0, SS = 1, SM = 0	*/
+			MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x28;
+			DisFunReg_Data = 0x22;
+			break;
+		case U2D_R2L: //0X6
+			/* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 1, ML = 0 	X-Y Exchange*/
+			/* Display Function control: NN = 0, GS = 0, SS = 0, SM = 0	*/
+			MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x28;
+			DisFunReg_Data = 0x02;
+			break;
+		case D2U_L2R: //0XA
+			/* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 1, ML = 0 	X-Y Exchange*/
+			/* Display Function control: NN = 0, GS = 1, SS = 1, SM = 0	*/
+			MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x28;
+			DisFunReg_Data = 0x62;
+			break;
+		case D2U_R2L: //0XE
+			/* Memory access control: MY = 0, MX = 0, MV = 1, ML = 0 	X-Y Exchange*/
+			/* Display Function control: NN = 0, GS = 1, SS = 0, SM = 0	*/
+			MemoryAccessReg_Data = 0x28;
+			DisFunReg_Data = 0x42;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		//Get the screen scan direction
+		sLCD_DIS.LCD_Scan_Dir = Scan_dir;
+
+		//Get GRAM and LCD width and height
+		//480*320,horizontal default
+		if(Scan_dir == L2R_U2D || Scan_dir == L2R_D2U || Scan_dir == R2L_U2D || Scan_dir == R2L_D2U) {
+			sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column	= LCD_3_5_HEIGHT ;
+			sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page = LCD_3_5_WIDTH ;
+		} else {
+			sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column	= LCD_3_5_WIDTH ;
+			sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page = LCD_3_5_HEIGHT ;
+		}
+
+		// Set the read / write scan direction of the frame memory
+		LCD_WriteReg(0xB6);
+		LCD_WriteData(0X00);
+		LCD_WriteData(DisFunReg_Data);
+
+		LCD_WriteReg(0x36);
+		LCD_WriteData(MemoryAccessReg_Data);
+	}
+}
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+	initialization
+********************************************************************************/
+void LCD_Init(LCD_SCAN_DIR LCD_ScanDir, uint16_t LCD_BLval)
+{
+    
+    LCD_Reset();//Hardware reset
+
+    LCD_InitReg();//Set the initialization register
+	
+	if(LCD_BLval > 1000)
+		LCD_BLval = 1000;
+	LCD_SetBackLight(LCD_BLval);
+	
+	LCD_SetGramScanWay(LCD_ScanDir);//Set the display scan and color transfer modes
+	Driver_Delay_ms(200);
+}
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:	Sets the start position and size of the display area
+parameter:
+	Xstart 	:   X direction Start coordinates
+	Ystart  :   Y direction Start coordinates
+	Xend    :   X direction end coordinates
+	Yend    :   Y direction end coordinates
+********************************************************************************/
+void LCD_SetWindow(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart,	POINT Xend, POINT Yend)
+{	
+
+	//set the X coordinates
+	LCD_WriteReg(0x2A);
+	LCD_WriteData(Xstart >> 8);	 		//Set the horizontal starting point to the high octet
+	LCD_WriteData(Xstart & 0xff);	 	//Set the horizontal starting point to the low octet
+	LCD_WriteData((Xend - 1) >> 8);		//Set the horizontal end to the high octet
+	LCD_WriteData((Xend - 1) & 0xff);	//Set the horizontal end to the low octet
+
+	//set the Y coordinates
+	LCD_WriteReg(0x2B);
+	LCD_WriteData(Ystart >> 8);
+	LCD_WriteData(Ystart & 0xff );
+	LCD_WriteData((Yend - 1) >> 8);
+	LCD_WriteData((Yend - 1) & 0xff);
+
+    LCD_WriteReg(0x2C);
+}
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:	Set the display point (Xpoint, Ypoint)
+parameter:
+	xStart :   X direction Start coordinates
+	xEnd   :   X direction end coordinates
+********************************************************************************/
+void LCD_SetCursor(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint)
+{
+	LCD_SetWindow(Xpoint, Ypoint, Xpoint, Ypoint);
+}
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:	Set show color
+parameter:
+		Color  :   Set show color,16-bit depth
+********************************************************************************/
+void LCD_SetColor(COLOR Color , POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint)
+{
+    LCD_Write_AllData(Color , (uint32_t)Xpoint * (uint32_t)Ypoint);
+}
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:	Point (Xpoint, Ypoint) Fill the color
+parameter:
+	Xpoint :   The x coordinate of the point
+	Ypoint :   The y coordinate of the point
+	Color  :   Set the color
+********************************************************************************/
+void LCD_SetPointlColor( POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, COLOR Color)
+{
+    if ((Xpoint <= sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column) && (Ypoint <= sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page)) {
+        LCD_SetCursor (Xpoint, Ypoint);
+        LCD_SetColor(Color, 1, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:	Fill the area with the color
+parameter:
+	Xstart :   Start point x coordinate
+	Ystart :   Start point y coordinate
+	Xend   :   End point coordinates
+	Yend   :   End point coordinates
+	Color  :   Set the color
+********************************************************************************/
+void LCD_SetArealColor(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, POINT Xend, POINT Yend,	COLOR Color)
+{
+    if((Xend > Xstart) && (Yend > Ystart)) {
+        LCD_SetWindow(Xstart , Ystart , Xend , Yend  );
+        LCD_SetColor ( Color , Xend - Xstart, Yend - Ystart);
+    }
+}
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+			Clear screen
+********************************************************************************/
+void LCD_Clear(COLOR  Color)
+{
+    LCD_SetArealColor(0, 0, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column , sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page , Color);
+}
+
+uint8_t LCD_Read_Id(void)
+{
+	uint8_t reg = 0xDC;
+	uint8_t tx_val = 0x00;
+	uint8_t rx_val;
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN, 0);
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_DC_PIN, 0);
+	SPI4W_Write_Byte(reg);
+	spi_write_read_blocking(spi1,&tx_val,&rx_val,1);
+    DEV_Digital_Write(LCD_CS_PIN, 1);
+	return rx_val;
+}

lcd_example/lib/lcd/LCD_Driver.h

+/*****************************************************************************
+* | File      	:	LCD_Driver.h
+* | Author      :   Waveshare team
+* | Function    :	ILI9486 Drive function
+* | Info        :
+*   Image scanning:
+*      Please use progressive scanning to generate images or fonts
+*----------------
+* |	This version:   V1.0
+* | Date        :   2018-01-11
+* | Info        :   Basic version
+*
+******************************************************************************/
+
+/**************************Intermediate driver layer**************************/
+
+#ifndef __LCD_DRIVER_H
+#define __LCD_DRIVER_H
+
+#include "DEV_Config.h"
+
+#define LCD_2_8				0x52
+#define LCD_3_5				0x00
+
+#define	COLOR				uint16_t		//The variable type of the color (unsigned short) 
+#define	POINT				uint16_t		//The type of coordinate (unsigned short) 
+#define	LENGTH				uint16_t		//The type of coordinate (unsigned short) 
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+		Define the full screen height length of the display
+********************************************************************************/
+#define LCD_X_MAXPIXEL  480  //LCD width maximum memory 
+#define LCD_Y_MAXPIXEL  320 //LCD height maximum memory
+#define LCD_X	 0
+#define LCD_Y	 0
+
+#define LCD_3_5_WIDTH  (LCD_X_MAXPIXEL - 2 * LCD_X)  //LCD width
+#define LCD_3_5_HEIGHT  LCD_Y_MAXPIXEL //LCD height
+
+#define LCD_2_8_WIDTH  	240  //LCD width
+#define LCD_2_8_HEIGHT   320
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+			scanning method
+********************************************************************************/
+typedef enum {
+    L2R_U2D  = 0,	//The display interface is displayed , left to right, up to down
+    L2R_D2U  ,
+    R2L_U2D  ,
+    R2L_D2U  ,
+
+    U2D_L2R  ,
+    U2D_R2L  ,
+    D2U_L2R  ,
+    D2U_R2L  ,
+} LCD_SCAN_DIR;
+#define SCAN_DIR_DFT  D2U_L2R  //Default scan direction = L2R_U2D
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+	Defines the total number of rows in the display area
+********************************************************************************/
+typedef struct {
+    LENGTH LCD_Dis_Column;	//COLUMN
+    LENGTH LCD_Dis_Page;	//PAGE
+    LCD_SCAN_DIR LCD_Scan_Dir;
+    POINT LCD_X_Adjust;		//LCD x actual display position calibration
+    POINT LCD_Y_Adjust;		//LCD y actual display position calibration
+} LCD_DIS;
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+			Macro definition variable name
+********************************************************************************/
+void LCD_Init(LCD_SCAN_DIR LCD_ScanDir, uint16_t LCD_BLval);
+void LCD_SetGramScanWay(LCD_SCAN_DIR Scan_dir);
+
+void LCD_WriteReg(uint8_t Reg);
+void LCD_WriteData(uint16_t Data);
+
+void LCD_SetWindow(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, POINT Xend, POINT Yend);
+void LCD_SetCursor(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint);
+void LCD_SetColor(COLOR Color ,POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint);
+void LCD_SetPointlColor(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, COLOR Color);
+void LCD_SetArealColor(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, POINT Xend, POINT Yend,COLOR  Color);
+void LCD_Clear(COLOR  Color);
+uint8_t LCD_Read_Id(void);
+void LCD_SetBackLight(uint16_t value);
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+

lcd_example/lib/lcd/LCD_GUI.c

+/*****************************************************************************
+* | File      	:	LCD_GUI.c
+* | Author      :   Waveshare team
+* | Function    :	Achieve drawing: draw points, lines, boxes, circles and
+*                   their size, solid dotted line, solid rectangle hollow
+*					rectangle, solid circle hollow circle.
+* | Info        :
+*   Achieve display characters: Display a single character, string, number
+*   Achieve time display: adaptive size display time minutes and seconds
+*----------------
+* |	This version:   V1.0
+* | Date        :   2017-08-16
+* | Info        :   Basic version
+*
+******************************************************************************/
+#include "LCD_GUI.h"
+
+extern LCD_DIS sLCD_DIS;
+extern uint8_t id;
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Coordinate conversion
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_Swop(POINT Point1, POINT Point2)
+{
+    POINT Temp;
+    Temp = Point1;
+    Point1 = Point2;
+    Point2 = Temp;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Coordinate conversion
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_Clear(COLOR Color)
+{
+    LCD_Clear(Color);
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Draw Point(Xpoint, Ypoint) Fill the color
+parameter:
+	Xpoint		:   The x coordinate of the point
+	Ypoint		:   The y coordinate of the point
+	Color		:   Set color
+	Dot_Pixel	:	point size
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_DrawPoint(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, COLOR Color,
+                   DOT_PIXEL Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE DOT_STYLE)
+{
+    if(Xpoint > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column || Ypoint > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page) {
+        //DEBUG("GUI_DrawPoint Input exceeds the normal display range\r\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint16_t XDir_Num , YDir_Num;
+    if(DOT_STYLE == DOT_STYLE_DFT) {
+        for(XDir_Num = 0; XDir_Num < 2 * Dot_Pixel - 1; XDir_Num++) {
+            for(YDir_Num = 0; YDir_Num < 2 * Dot_Pixel - 1; YDir_Num++) {
+                LCD_SetPointlColor(Xpoint + XDir_Num - Dot_Pixel, Ypoint + YDir_Num - Dot_Pixel, Color);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        for(XDir_Num = 0; XDir_Num <  Dot_Pixel; XDir_Num++) {
+            for(YDir_Num = 0; YDir_Num <  Dot_Pixel; YDir_Num++) {
+                LCD_SetPointlColor(Xpoint + XDir_Num - 1, Ypoint + YDir_Num - 1, Color);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Draw a line of arbitrary slope
+parameter:
+	Xstart ：Starting x point coordinates
+	Ystart ：Starting x point coordinates
+	Xend   ：End point x coordinate
+	Yend   ：End point y coordinate
+	Color  ：The color of the line segment
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_DrawLine(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, POINT Xend, POINT Yend,
+                  COLOR Color, LINE_STYLE Line_Style, DOT_PIXEL Dot_Pixel)
+{
+    if(Xstart > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column || Ystart > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page ||
+       Xend > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column || Yend > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page) {
+        //DEBUG("GUI_DrawLine Input exceeds the normal display range\r\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(Xstart > Xend)
+        GUI_Swop(Xstart, Xend);
+    if(Ystart > Yend)
+        GUI_Swop(Ystart, Yend);
+
+    POINT Xpoint = Xstart;
+    POINT Ypoint = Ystart;
+    int32_t dx = (int32_t)Xend - (int32_t)Xstart >= 0 ? Xend - Xstart : Xstart - Xend;
+    int32_t dy = (int32_t)Yend - (int32_t)Ystart <= 0 ? Yend - Ystart : Ystart - Yend;
+
+    // Increment direction, 1 is positive, -1 is counter;
+    int32_t XAddway = Xstart < Xend ? 1 : -1;
+    int32_t YAddway = Ystart < Yend ? 1 : -1;
+
+    //Cumulative error
+    int32_t Esp = dx + dy;
+    int8_t Line_Style_Temp = 0;
+
+    for(;;) {
+        Line_Style_Temp++;
+        //Painted dotted line, 2 point is really virtual
+        if(Line_Style == LINE_DOTTED && Line_Style_Temp % 3 == 0) {
+            //DEBUG("LINE_DOTTED\r\n");
+            GUI_DrawPoint(Xpoint, Ypoint, LCD_BACKGROUND, Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE_DFT);
+            Line_Style_Temp = 0;
+        } else {
+            GUI_DrawPoint(Xpoint, Ypoint, Color, Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE_DFT);
+        }
+        if(2 * Esp >= dy) {
+            if(Xpoint == Xend) break;
+            Esp += dy;
+            Xpoint += XAddway;
+        }
+        if(2 * Esp <= dx) {
+            if(Ypoint == Yend) break;
+            Esp += dx;
+            Ypoint += YAddway;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Draw a rectangle
+parameter:
+	Xstart ：Rectangular  Starting x point coordinates
+	Ystart ：Rectangular  Starting x point coordinates
+	Xend   ：Rectangular  End point x coordinate
+	Yend   ：Rectangular  End point y coordinate
+	Color  ：The color of the Rectangular segment
+	Filled : Whether it is filled--- 1 solid 0：empty
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_DrawRectangle(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, POINT Xend, POINT Yend,
+                       COLOR Color, DRAW_FILL Filled, DOT_PIXEL Dot_Pixel)
+{
+    if(Xstart > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column || Ystart > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page ||
+       Xend > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column || Yend > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page) {
+        //DEBUG("Input exceeds the normal display range\r\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(Xstart > Xend)
+        GUI_Swop(Xstart, Xend);
+    if(Ystart > Yend)
+        GUI_Swop(Ystart, Yend);
+
+    
+    if(Filled ) {
+	#if LOW_Speed_Show
+		POINT Ypoint;
+        for(Ypoint = Ystart; Ypoint < Yend; Ypoint++) {
+            GUI_DrawLine(Xstart, Ypoint, Xend, Ypoint, Color , LINE_SOLID, Dot_Pixel);
+        }
+	#elif HIGH_Speed_Show
+		LCD_SetArealColor( Xstart, Ystart, Xend, Yend, Color);
+	#endif
+    } else {
+        GUI_DrawLine(Xstart, Ystart, Xend, Ystart, Color , LINE_SOLID, Dot_Pixel);
+        GUI_DrawLine(Xstart, Ystart, Xstart, Yend, Color , LINE_SOLID, Dot_Pixel);
+        GUI_DrawLine(Xend, Yend, Xend, Ystart, Color , LINE_SOLID, Dot_Pixel);
+        GUI_DrawLine(Xend, Yend, Xstart, Yend, Color , LINE_SOLID, Dot_Pixel);
+    }
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Use the 8-point method to draw a circle of the
+				specified size at the specified position.
+parameter:
+	X_Center  ：Center X coordinate
+	Y_Center  ：Center Y coordinate
+	Radius    ：circle Radius
+	Color     ：The color of the ：circle segment
+	Filled    : Whether it is filled: 1 filling 0：Do not
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_DrawCircle(POINT X_Center, POINT Y_Center, LENGTH Radius,
+                    COLOR Color, DRAW_FILL  Draw_Fill , DOT_PIXEL Dot_Pixel)
+{
+    if(X_Center > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column || Y_Center >= sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page) {
+        //DEBUG("GUI_DrawCircle Input exceeds the normal display range\r\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //Draw a circle from(0, R) as a starting point
+    int16_t XCurrent, YCurrent;
+    XCurrent = 0;
+    YCurrent = Radius;
+
+    //Cumulative error,judge the next point of the logo
+    int16_t Esp = 3 - (Radius << 1 );
+
+    int16_t sCountY;
+    if(Draw_Fill == DRAW_FULL) {
+        while(XCurrent <= YCurrent ) { //Realistic circles
+            for(sCountY = XCurrent; sCountY <= YCurrent; sCountY ++ ) {
+                GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center + XCurrent, Y_Center + sCountY, Color, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//1
+                GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center - XCurrent, Y_Center + sCountY, Color, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//2
+                GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center - sCountY, Y_Center + XCurrent, Color, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//3
+                GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center - sCountY, Y_Center - XCurrent, Color, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//4
+                GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center - XCurrent, Y_Center - sCountY, Color, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//5
+                GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center + XCurrent, Y_Center - sCountY, Color, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//6
+                GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center + sCountY, Y_Center - XCurrent, Color, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//7
+                GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center + sCountY, Y_Center + XCurrent, Color, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT );
+            }
+            if(Esp < 0 )
+                Esp += 4 * XCurrent + 6;
+            else {
+                Esp += 10 + 4 * (XCurrent - YCurrent );
+                YCurrent --;
+            }
+            XCurrent ++;
+        }
+    } else { //Draw a hollow circle
+        while(XCurrent <= YCurrent ) {
+            GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center + XCurrent, Y_Center + YCurrent, Color, Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//1
+            GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center - XCurrent, Y_Center + YCurrent, Color, Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//2
+            GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center - YCurrent, Y_Center + XCurrent, Color, Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//3
+            GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center - YCurrent, Y_Center - XCurrent, Color, Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//4
+            GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center - XCurrent, Y_Center - YCurrent, Color, Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//5
+            GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center + XCurrent, Y_Center - YCurrent, Color, Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//6
+            GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center + YCurrent, Y_Center - XCurrent, Color, Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//7
+            GUI_DrawPoint(X_Center + YCurrent, Y_Center + XCurrent, Color, Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE_DFT );//0
+
+            if(Esp < 0 )
+                Esp += 4 * XCurrent + 6;
+            else {
+                Esp += 10 + 4 * (XCurrent - YCurrent );
+                YCurrent --;
+            }
+            XCurrent ++;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Show English characters
+parameter:
+	Xpoint           ：X coordinate
+	Ypoint           ：Y coordinate
+	Acsii_Char       ：To display the English characters
+	Font             ：A structure pointer that displays a character size
+	Color_Background : Select the background color of the English character
+	Color_Foreground : Select the foreground color of the English character
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_DisChar(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, const char Acsii_Char,
+                 sFONT* Font, COLOR Color_Background, COLOR Color_Foreground)
+{
+    POINT Page, Column;
+
+    if(Xpoint > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column || Ypoint > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page) {
+        //DEBUG("GUI_DisChar Input exceeds the normal display range\r\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t Char_Offset = (Acsii_Char - ' ') * Font->Height * (Font->Width / 8 + (Font->Width % 8 ? 1 : 0));
+    const unsigned char *ptr = &Font->table[Char_Offset];
+
+    for(Page = 0; Page < Font->Height; Page ++ ) {
+        for(Column = 0; Column < Font->Width; Column ++ ) {
+
+            //To determine whether the font background color and screen background color is consistent
+            if(FONT_BACKGROUND == Color_Background) { //this process is to speed up the scan
+                if(*ptr & (0x80 >> (Column % 8)))
+                    GUI_DrawPoint(Xpoint + Column, Ypoint + Page, Color_Foreground, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT);
+            } else {
+                if(*ptr & (0x80 >> (Column % 8))) {
+                    GUI_DrawPoint(Xpoint + Column, Ypoint + Page, Color_Foreground, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT);
+                } else {
+                    GUI_DrawPoint(Xpoint + Column, Ypoint + Page, Color_Background, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT);
+                }
+            }
+            //One pixel is 8 bits
+            if(Column % 8 == 7)
+                ptr++;
+        }/* Write a line */
+        if(Font->Width % 8 != 0)
+            ptr++;
+    }/* Write all */
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Display the string
+parameter:
+	Xstart           ：X coordinate
+	Ystart           ：Y coordinate
+	pString          ：The first address of the English string to be displayed
+	Font             ：A structure pointer that displays a character size
+	Color_Background : Select the background color of the English character
+	Color_Foreground : Select the foreground color of the English character
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_DisString_EN(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, const char * pString,
+                      sFONT* Font, COLOR Color_Background, COLOR Color_Foreground )
+{
+    POINT Xpoint = Xstart;
+    POINT Ypoint = Ystart;
+
+    if(Xstart > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column || Ystart > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page) {
+        //DEBUG("GUI_DisString_EN Input exceeds the normal display range\r\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    while(* pString != '\0') {
+        //if X direction filled , reposition to(Xstart,Ypoint),Ypoint is Y direction plus the height of the character
+        if((Xpoint + Font->Width ) > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column ) {
+            Xpoint = Xstart;
+            Ypoint += Font->Height;
+        }
+
+        // If the Y direction is full, reposition to(Xstart, Ystart)
+        if((Ypoint  + Font->Height ) > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page ) {
+            Xpoint = Xstart;
+            Ypoint = Ystart;
+        }
+        GUI_DisChar(Xpoint, Ypoint, * pString, Font, Color_Background, Color_Foreground);
+
+        //The next character of the address
+        pString ++;
+
+        //The next word of the abscissa increases the font of the broadband
+        Xpoint += Font->Width;
+    }
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Display the string
+parameter:
+	Xstart           ：X coordinate
+	Ystart           : Y coordinate
+	Nummber          : The number displayed
+	Font             ：A structure pointer that displays a character size
+	Color_Background : Select the background color of the English character
+	Color_Foreground : Select the foreground color of the English character
+******************************************************************************/
+#define  ARRAY_LEN 255
+void GUI_DisNum(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, int32_t Nummber,
+                sFONT* Font, COLOR Color_Background, COLOR Color_Foreground )
+{
+
+    int16_t Num_Bit = 0, Str_Bit = 0;
+    uint8_t Str_Array[ARRAY_LEN] = {0}, Num_Array[ARRAY_LEN] = {0};
+    uint8_t *pStr = Str_Array;
+
+    if(Xpoint > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column || Ypoint > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page) {
+        //DEBUG("GUI_DisNum Input exceeds the normal display range\r\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //Converts a number to a string
+    while(Nummber) {
+        Num_Array[Num_Bit] = Nummber % 10 + '0';
+        Num_Bit++;
+        Nummber /= 10;
+    }
+
+    //The string is inverted
+    while(Num_Bit > 0) {
+        Str_Array[Str_Bit] = Num_Array[Num_Bit - 1];
+        Str_Bit ++;
+        Num_Bit --;
+    }
+
+    //show
+    GUI_DisString_EN(Xpoint, Ypoint, (const char*)pStr, Font, Color_Background, Color_Foreground );
+}
+
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Display the bit map,1 byte = 8bit = 8 points
+parameter:
+	Xpoint ：X coordinate
+	Ypoint : Y coordinate
+	pMap   : Pointing to the picture
+	Width  ：Bitmap Width
+	Height : Bitmap Height
+note:
+	This function is suitable for bitmap, because a 16-bit data accounted for 16 points
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_Disbitmap(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, const unsigned char *pMap,
+                   POINT Width, POINT Height)
+{
+    POINT i, j, byteWidth = (Width + 7) / 8;
+    for(j = 0; j < Height; j++) {
+        for(i = 0; i < Width; i ++) {
+            if(*(pMap + j * byteWidth + i / 8) & (128 >> (i & 7))) {
+                GUI_DrawPoint(Xpoint + i, Ypoint + j, WHITE, DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	Display the Gray map,1 byte = 8bit = 2 points
+parameter:
+	Xpoint ：X coordinate
+	Ypoint : Y coordinate
+	pMap   : Pointing to the picture
+	Width  ：Bitmap Width
+	Height : Bitmap Height
+note:
+	This function is suitable for bitmap, because a 4-bit data accounted for 1 points
+	Please use the Image2lcd generated array
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_DisGrayMap(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, const unsigned char *pBmp)
+{
+    //Get the Map header Gray, width, height
+    char Gray;
+    Gray = *(pBmp + 1);
+    POINT Height, Width;
+    Width = (*(pBmp + 3) << 8) | (*(pBmp + 2));
+    Height = (*(pBmp + 5) << 8) | (*(pBmp + 4));
+
+    POINT i, j;
+    if(Gray == 0x04) { //Sixteen gray levels
+        pBmp = pBmp + 6;
+        for(j = 0; j < Height; j++)
+            for(i = 0; i < Width / 2; i++) {
+                GUI_DrawPoint(Xpoint + i * 2, Ypoint + j, ~(*pBmp >> 4), DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT);
+                GUI_DrawPoint(Xpoint + i * 2 + 1, Ypoint + j, ~*pBmp , DOT_PIXEL_DFT, DOT_STYLE_DFT);
+                pBmp++;
+            }
+    } else {
+        //DEBUG("Does not support type\r\n");
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+sFONT *GUI_GetFontSize(POINT Dx, POINT Dy)
+{
+    sFONT *Font;
+    if (Dx > Font24.Width && Dy > Font24.Height) {
+        Font = &Font24;
+    } else if ((Dx > Font20.Width && Dx < Font24.Width) &&
+               (Dy > Font20.Height && Dy < Font24.Height)) {
+        Font = &Font20;
+    } else if ((Dx > Font16.Width && Dx < Font20.Width) &&
+               (Dy > Font16.Height && Dy < Font20.Height)) {
+        Font = &Font16;
+    } else if ((Dx > Font12.Width && Dx < Font16.Width) &&
+               (Dy > Font12.Height && Dy < Font16.Height)) {
+        Font = &Font12;
+    } else if ((Dx > Font8.Width && Dx < Font12.Width) &&
+               (Dy > Font8.Height && Dy < Font12.Height)) {
+        Font = &Font8;
+    } else {
+        //DEBUG("Please change the display area size, or add a larger font to modify\r\n");
+    }
+    return Font;
+}
+/******************************************************************************
+  function:	According to the display area adaptive display time
+  parameter:
+		xStart :   X direction Start coordinates
+		Ystart :   Y direction Start coordinates
+		Xend   :   X direction end coordinates
+		Yend   :   Y direction end coordinates
+		pTime  :   Pointer to the definition of the structure
+		Color  :   Set show color
+  note:
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_Showtime(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, POINT Xend, POINT Yend,
+                  DEV_TIME *pTime, COLOR Color)
+{
+    uint8_t value[10] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'};
+    sFONT *Font;
+
+    //According to the display area adaptive font size
+    POINT Dx = (Xend - Xstart) / 7;//Determine the spacing between characters
+    POINT Dy = Yend - Ystart;      //determine the font size
+    Font = GUI_GetFontSize(Dx, Dy);
+	
+	if ((pTime->Sec % 10) < 10 && (pTime->Sec % 10) > 0) {
+		LCD_SetArealColor(Xstart + Dx * 6, Ystart, Xend, Yend, WHITE);// xx:xx:x0
+	} else {
+		if ((pTime->Sec / 10) < 6 && (pTime->Sec / 10) > 0) {
+			LCD_SetArealColor(Xstart + Dx * 5, Ystart, Xend, Yend, WHITE);// xx:xx:00
+		} else {//sec = 60
+			pTime->Min = pTime->Min + 1;
+			pTime->Sec = 0;
+			if ((pTime->Min % 10) < 10 && (pTime->Min % 10) > 0) {
+				LCD_SetArealColor(Xstart + Dx * 3 + Dx / 2, Ystart, Xend, Yend, WHITE);// xx:x0:00
+			} else {
+				if ((pTime->Min / 10) < 6 && (pTime->Min / 10) > 0) {
+					LCD_SetArealColor(Xstart + Dx * 2 + Dx / 2, Ystart, Xend, Yend, WHITE);// xx:00:00
+				} else {//min = 60
+					pTime->Hour =  pTime->Hour + 1;
+					pTime->Min = 0;
+					if ((pTime->Hour % 10) < 4 && (pTime->Hour % 10) > 0 && pTime->Hour < 24) {// x0:00:00
+						LCD_SetArealColor(Xstart + Dx, Ystart, Xend, Yend, WHITE);
+					} else {
+						pTime->Hour = 0;
+						pTime->Min = 0;
+						pTime->Sec = 0;
+						LCD_SetArealColor(Xstart, Ystart, Xend, Yend, WHITE);// 00:00:00
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+    
+    //Write data into the cache
+    GUI_DisChar(Xstart                           , Ystart, value[pTime->Hour / 10], Font, FONT_BACKGROUND, Color);
+    GUI_DisChar(Xstart + Dx                      , Ystart, value[pTime->Hour % 10], Font, FONT_BACKGROUND, Color);
+    GUI_DisChar(Xstart + Dx  + Dx / 4 + Dx / 2   , Ystart, ':'                    , Font, FONT_BACKGROUND, Color);
+    GUI_DisChar(Xstart + Dx * 2 + Dx / 2         , Ystart, value[pTime->Min / 10] , Font, FONT_BACKGROUND, Color);
+    GUI_DisChar(Xstart + Dx * 3 + Dx / 2         , Ystart, value[pTime->Min % 10] , Font, FONT_BACKGROUND, Color);
+    GUI_DisChar(Xstart + Dx * 4 + Dx / 2 - Dx / 4, Ystart, ':'                    , Font, FONT_BACKGROUND, Color);
+    GUI_DisChar(Xstart + Dx * 5                  , Ystart, value[pTime->Sec / 10] , Font, FONT_BACKGROUND, Color);
+    GUI_DisChar(Xstart + Dx * 6                  , Ystart, value[pTime->Sec % 10] , Font, FONT_BACKGROUND, Color);
+}
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+function:	GUI_Show
+note:
+	Clear,
+	Draw Line,
+	Draw Rectangle,
+	Draw Rings,
+	Draw Olympic Rings,
+	Display String,
+	Show Pic
+******************************************************************************/
+void GUI_Show(void)
+{
+    //DEBUG("LCD_Dis_Column = %d\r\n", sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column);
+    //DEBUG("LCD_Dis_Page = %d\r\n", sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page);
+	
+	if(LCD_2_8==id){
+			GUI_Clear(WHITE);
+			//DEBUG("Draw Line\r\n");
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, 10, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column , 10, RED, LINE_SOLID, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, 20, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column , 20, RED, LINE_DOTTED, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 20, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column , sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 20, RED, LINE_DOTTED, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 10, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column , sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 10, RED, LINE_SOLID, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Rectangle\r\n");
+			GUI_DrawRectangle(10, 30, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 10, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 30, BLUE, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawRectangle(20, 40, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 20, 60, BLUE, DRAW_FULL, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Olympic Rings\r\n");
+			uint16_t Cx1 = 100, Cy1 = 260, Cr = 10;
+			uint16_t Cx2 = Cx1 + (2.5 * Cr), Cy2 = Cy1;
+			uint16_t Cx3 = Cx1 + (5 * Cr), Cy3 = Cy1;
+			uint16_t Cx4 = ( Cx1 + Cx2 ) / 2, Cy4 = Cy1 + Cr;
+			uint16_t Cx5 = ( Cx2 + Cx3 ) / 2, Cy5 = Cy1 + Cr;
+
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx1, Cy1, Cr, BLUE, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx2, Cy2, Cr, BLACK, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx3, Cy3, Cr, RED, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx4, Cy4, Cr, YELLOW, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx5, Cy5, Cr, GREEN, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Realistic circles\r\n");
+			GUI_DrawCircle(50, 220, 30, CYAN, DRAW_FULL, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawCircle(sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 50, 220, 30, CYAN, DRAW_FULL, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+
+			//DEBUG("Display String\r\n");
+			GUI_DisString_EN(10, 120, "WaveShare Electronic", &Font16, LCD_BACKGROUND, BLUE);
+			GUI_DisString_EN(40, 150, "2.8inch TFTLCD", &Font16, RED, BLUE);
+
+			//DEBUG("Display Nummber\r\n");
+			GUI_DisNum(40, 170, 1234567890, &Font12, LCD_BACKGROUND, BLUE);
+	}else{
+	
+		GUI_Clear(WHITE);
+		if(sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column > sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page) { //Horizontal screen display
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Line\r\n");
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, 10, LCD_3_5_WIDTH, 10, RED, LINE_SOLID, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, 20, LCD_3_5_WIDTH, 20, RED, LINE_DOTTED, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, 300, LCD_3_5_WIDTH, 300, RED, LINE_DOTTED, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, 310, LCD_3_5_WIDTH, 310, RED, LINE_SOLID, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Rectangle\r\n");
+			GUI_DrawRectangle(10, 30, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 10, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 30, BLUE, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawRectangle(20, 40, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 20, 60, BLUE, DRAW_FULL, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Olympic Rings\r\n");
+			uint16_t Cx1 = 190, Cy1 = 240, Cr = 20;
+			uint16_t Cx2 = Cx1 + (2.5 * Cr), Cy2 = Cy1;
+			uint16_t Cx3 = Cx1 + (5 * Cr), Cy3 = Cy1;
+			uint16_t Cx4 = ( Cx1 + Cx2 ) / 2, Cy4 = Cy1 + Cr;
+			uint16_t Cx5 = ( Cx2 + Cx3 ) / 2, Cy5 = Cy1 + Cr;
+
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx1, Cy1, Cr, BLUE, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx2, Cy2, Cr, BLACK, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx3, Cy3, Cr, RED, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx4, Cy4, Cr, YELLOW, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx5, Cy5, Cr, GREEN, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Realistic circles\r\n");
+			GUI_DrawCircle(50, 250, 30, CYAN, DRAW_FULL, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawCircle(sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 50, 250, 30, CYAN, DRAW_FULL, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+
+			//DEBUG("Display String\r\n");
+			GUI_DisString_EN(80, 80, "WaveShare Electronic", &Font24, LCD_BACKGROUND, BLUE);
+			GUI_DisString_EN(80, 120, "3.5inch TFTLCD", &Font20, RED, BLUE);
+
+			//DEBUG("Display Nummber\r\n");
+			GUI_DisNum(80, 150, 1234567890, &Font16, LCD_BACKGROUND, BLUE);
+
+		} else { //Vertical screen display
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Line\r\n");
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, 10, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column , 10, RED, LINE_SOLID, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, 20, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column , 20, RED, LINE_DOTTED, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 20, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column , sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 20, RED, LINE_DOTTED, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawLine(0, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 10, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column , sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 10, RED, LINE_SOLID, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Rectangle\r\n");
+			GUI_DrawRectangle(10, 30, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 10, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page - 30, BLUE, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawRectangle(20, 40, sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 20, 60, BLUE, DRAW_FULL, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Olympic Rings\r\n");
+			uint16_t Cx1 = 120, Cy1 = 300, Cr = 20;
+			uint16_t Cx2 = Cx1 + (2.5 * Cr), Cy2 = Cy1;
+			uint16_t Cx3 = Cx1 + (5 * Cr), Cy3 = Cy1;
+			uint16_t Cx4 = ( Cx1 + Cx2 ) / 2, Cy4 = Cy1 + Cr;
+			uint16_t Cx5 = ( Cx2 + Cx3 ) / 2, Cy5 = Cy1 + Cr;
+
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx1, Cy1, Cr, BLUE, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx2, Cy2, Cr, BLACK, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx3, Cy3, Cr, RED, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx4, Cy4, Cr, YELLOW, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+			GUI_DrawCircle( Cx5, Cy5, Cr, GREEN, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+
+			//DEBUG("Draw Realistic circles\r\n");
+			GUI_DrawCircle(50, 400, 30, CYAN, DRAW_FULL, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+			GUI_DrawCircle(sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 50, 400, 30, CYAN, DRAW_FULL, DOT_PIXEL_DFT);
+
+			//DEBUG("Display String\r\n");
+			GUI_DisString_EN(40, 120, "WaveShare Electronic", &Font24, LCD_BACKGROUND, BLUE);
+			GUI_DisString_EN(40, 180, "3.5inch TFTLCD", &Font20, RED, BLUE);
+
+			//DEBUG("Display Nummber\r\n");
+			GUI_DisNum(40, 210, 1234567890, &Font16, LCD_BACKGROUND, BLUE);
+
+		}
+	}
+}
+

lcd_example/lib/lcd/LCD_GUI.h

+/*****************************************************************************
+* | File      	:	LCD_GUI.h
+* | Author      :   Waveshare team
+* | Function    :	Achieve drawing: draw points, lines, boxes, circles and
+*                   their size, solid dotted line, solid rectangle hollow
+*					rectangle, solid circle hollow circle.
+* | Info        :
+*   Achieve display characters: Display a single character, string, number
+*   Achieve time display: adaptive size display time minutes and seconds
+*----------------
+* |	This version:   V1.0
+* | Date        :   2017-08-16
+* | Info        :   Basic version
+*
+******************************************************************************/
+
+/****************************Upper application layer**************************/
+#ifndef __LCD_GUI_H
+#define __LCD_GUI_H
+
+#include "LCD_Driver.h"
+#include "fonts.h"
+
+#define LOW_Speed_Show 0
+#define HIGH_Speed_Show 1
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+			dot pixel
+********************************************************************************/
+typedef enum {
+    DOT_PIXEL_1X1  = 1,		// dot pixel 1 x 1
+    DOT_PIXEL_2X2  , 		// dot pixel 2 X 2
+    DOT_PIXEL_3X3  ,		// dot pixel 3 X 3
+    DOT_PIXEL_4X4  ,		// dot pixel 4 X 4
+    DOT_PIXEL_5X5  , 		// dot pixel 5 X 5
+    DOT_PIXEL_6X6  , 		// dot pixel 6 X 6
+    DOT_PIXEL_7X7  , 		// dot pixel 7 X 7
+    DOT_PIXEL_8X8  , 		// dot pixel 8 X 8
+} DOT_PIXEL;
+#define DOT_PIXEL_DFT  DOT_PIXEL_1X1  //Default dot pilex
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+			dot Fill style
+********************************************************************************/
+typedef enum {
+    DOT_FILL_AROUND  = 1,		// dot pixel 1 x 1
+    DOT_FILL_RIGHTUP  , 		// dot pixel 2 X 2
+} DOT_STYLE;
+#define DOT_STYLE_DFT  DOT_FILL_AROUND  //Default dot pilex
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+			solid line and dotted line
+********************************************************************************/
+typedef enum {
+    LINE_SOLID = 0,
+    LINE_DOTTED,
+} LINE_STYLE;
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+			DRAW Internal fill
+********************************************************************************/
+typedef enum {
+    DRAW_EMPTY = 0,
+    DRAW_FULL,
+} DRAW_FILL;
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+	time
+********************************************************************************/
+typedef struct {
+    uint16_t Year;  //0000
+    uint8_t  Month; //1 - 12
+    uint8_t  Day;   //1 - 30
+    uint8_t  Hour;  //0 - 23
+    uint8_t  Min;   //0 - 59
+    uint8_t  Sec;   //0 - 59
+} DEV_TIME;
+extern DEV_TIME sDev_time;
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+			Defines commonly used colors for the display
+********************************************************************************/
+#define LCD_BACKGROUND		WHITE   //Default background color
+#define FONT_BACKGROUND		WHITE   //Default font background color
+#define FONT_FOREGROUND	    GRED    //Default font foreground color
+
+#define WHITE          0xFFFF
+#define BLACK          0x0000
+#define BLUE           0x001F
+#define BRED           0XF81F
+#define GRED 		   0XFFE0
+#define GBLUE		   0X07FF
+#define RED            0xF800
+#define MAGENTA        0xF81F
+#define GREEN          0x07E0
+#define CYAN           0x7FFF
+#define YELLOW         0xFFE0
+#define BROWN 		   0XBC40
+#define BRRED 		   0XFC07
+#define GRAY  		   0X8430
+
+/********************************************************************************
+function:
+			Macro definition variable name
+********************************************************************************/
+//Clear
+void GUI_Clear(COLOR Color);
+
+//Drawing
+void GUI_DrawPoint(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, COLOR Color, DOT_PIXEL Dot_Pixel, DOT_STYLE Dot_FillWay);
+void GUI_DrawLine(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, POINT Xend, POINT Yend, COLOR Color, LINE_STYLE Line_Style, DOT_PIXEL Dot_Pixel);
+void GUI_DrawRectangle(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, POINT Xend, POINT Yend, COLOR Color, DRAW_FILL Filled , DOT_PIXEL Dot_Pixel );
+void GUI_DrawCircle(POINT X_Center, POINT Y_Center, LENGTH Radius, COLOR Color, DRAW_FILL Draw_Fill , DOT_PIXEL Dot_Pixel );
+
+//pic
+void GUI_Disbitmap(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, const unsigned char *pMap, POINT Width, POINT Height);
+void GUI_DisGrayMap(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, const unsigned char *pBmp);
+
+//Display string
+void GUI_DisChar(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, const char Acsii_Char, sFONT* Font, COLOR Color_Background, COLOR Color_Foreground);
+void GUI_DisString_EN(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, const char * pString, sFONT* Font, COLOR Color_Background, COLOR Color_Foreground );
+void GUI_DisNum(POINT Xpoint, POINT Ypoint, int32_t Nummber, sFONT* Font, COLOR Color_Background, COLOR Color_Foreground );
+void GUI_Showtime(POINT Xstart, POINT Ystart, POINT Xend, POINT Yend, DEV_TIME *pTime, COLOR Color);
+//show
+void GUI_Show(void);
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+

lcd_example/lib/lcd/LCD_Touch.c

+#include "LCD_Touch.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>  
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+extern LCD_DIS sLCD_DIS;
+extern uint8_t id;
+static TP_DEV sTP_DEV;
+static TP_DRAW sTP_Draw;
+
+
+// ---- Capture area (the black box) ------------------------------------------
+#define BOX_X0 100
+#define BOX_Y0 50
+#define BOX_X1 380   // right  edge (exclusive in our math)
+#define BOX_Y1 290   // bottom edge (exclusive in our math)
+
+#define BOX_W (BOX_X1 - BOX_X0)   // 280
+#define BOX_H (BOX_Y1 - BOX_Y0)   // 240
+
+// Live "shadow" of what has been drawn (0 = empty, 1 = drawn)
+static uint8_t sDrawShadow[BOX_H][BOX_W];
+
+// Snapshot taken when SAVE is pressed (this is what you'll write to SD later)
+static uint8_t sSavedBitmap[BOX_H][BOX_W];
+
+// Optional: quick accessor if you want to use these elsewhere
+uint16_t TP_SavedWidth(void)  { return BOX_W; }
+uint16_t TP_SavedHeight(void) { return BOX_H; }
+const uint8_t* TP_SavedData(void) { return &sSavedBitmap[0][0]; }
+
+// Helper to record a pixel into the shadow buffer
+static inline void Capture_SetPixel(uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
+{
+    if (x >= BOX_X0 && x < BOX_X1 && y >= BOX_Y0 && y < BOX_Y1) {
+        sDrawShadow[y - BOX_Y0][x - BOX_X0] = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+static void TP_DumpBitmapToSerial(const uint8_t bmp[BOX_H][BOX_W])
+{
+    // Build and print one line at a time (faster than putchar per pixel)
+    char line[BOX_W + 2];           // + '\n' + '\0'
+    line[BOX_W]   = '\n';
+    line[BOX_W+1] = '\0';
+
+    for (uint16_t y = 0; y < BOX_H; ++y) {
+        for (uint16_t x = 0; x < BOX_W; ++x) {
+            line[x] = bmp[y][x] ? '1' : '0';
+        }
+        printf("%s", line);         // prints 280 chars of 0/1, then newline
+    }
+}
+
+static uint16_t TP_Read_ADC(uint8_t CMD)
+{
+    uint16_t Data = 0;
+
+    //A cycle of at least 400ns.
+    DEV_Digital_Write(TP_CS_PIN, 0);
+
+    SPI4W_Write_Byte(CMD);
+    Driver_Delay_us(200);
+
+    //	dont write 0xff, it will block xpt2046
+    //Data = SPI4W_Read_Byte(0Xff);
+    Data = SPI4W_Read_Byte(0X00);
+    Data <<= 8; //7bit
+    Data |= SPI4W_Read_Byte(0X00);
+    //Data = SPI4W_Read_Byte(0Xff);
+    Data >>= 3; //5bit
+    DEV_Digital_Write(TP_CS_PIN, 1);
+    return Data;
+}
+
+#define READ_TIMES 5 //Number of readings
+#define LOST_NUM 1   //Discard value
+static uint16_t 
+TP_Read_ADC_Average(uint8_t Channel_Cmd)
+{
+    uint8_t i, j;
+    uint16_t Read_Buff[READ_TIMES];
+    uint16_t Read_Sum = 0, Read_Temp = 0;
+    //LCD SPI speed = 3 MHz
+    spi_set_baudrate(SPI_PORT, 3000000);
+    //Read and save multiple samples
+    for (i = 0; i < READ_TIMES; i++)
+    {
+        Read_Buff[i] = TP_Read_ADC(Channel_Cmd);
+        Driver_Delay_us(200);
+    }
+    //LCD SPI speed = 18 MHz
+    spi_set_baudrate(SPI_PORT, 18000000);
+    //Sort from small to large
+    for (i = 0; i < READ_TIMES - 1; i++)
+    {
+        for (j = i + 1; j < READ_TIMES; j++)
+        {
+            if (Read_Buff[i] > Read_Buff[j])
+            {
+                Read_Temp = Read_Buff[i];
+                Read_Buff[i] = Read_Buff[j];
+                Read_Buff[j] = Read_Temp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //Exclude the largest and the smallest
+    for (i = LOST_NUM; i < READ_TIMES - LOST_NUM; i++)
+        Read_Sum += Read_Buff[i];
+
+    //Averaging
+    Read_Temp = Read_Sum / (READ_TIMES - 2 * LOST_NUM);
+
+    return Read_Temp;
+}
+
+static void TP_Read_ADC_XY(uint16_t *pXCh_Adc, uint16_t *pYCh_Adc)
+{
+    *pXCh_Adc = TP_Read_ADC_Average(0xD0);
+    *pYCh_Adc = TP_Read_ADC_Average(0x90);
+}
+
+#define ERR_RANGE 50 //tolerance scope
+static bool TP_Read_TwiceADC(uint16_t *pXCh_Adc, uint16_t *pYCh_Adc)
+{
+    uint16_t XCh_Adc1, YCh_Adc1, XCh_Adc2, YCh_Adc2;
+
+    //Read the ADC values Read the ADC values twice
+    TP_Read_ADC_XY(&XCh_Adc1, &YCh_Adc1);
+    Driver_Delay_us(10);
+    TP_Read_ADC_XY(&XCh_Adc2, &YCh_Adc2);
+    Driver_Delay_us(10);
+
+    //The ADC error used twice is greater than ERR_RANGE to take the average
+    if (((XCh_Adc2 <= XCh_Adc1 && XCh_Adc1 < XCh_Adc2 + ERR_RANGE) ||
+         (XCh_Adc1 <= XCh_Adc2 && XCh_Adc2 < XCh_Adc1 + ERR_RANGE)) &&
+        ((YCh_Adc2 <= YCh_Adc1 && YCh_Adc1 < YCh_Adc2 + ERR_RANGE) ||
+         (YCh_Adc1 <= YCh_Adc2 && YCh_Adc2 < YCh_Adc1 + ERR_RANGE)))
+    {
+        *pXCh_Adc = (XCh_Adc1 + XCh_Adc2) / 2;
+        *pYCh_Adc = (YCh_Adc1 + YCh_Adc2) / 2;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //The ADC error used twice is less than ERR_RANGE returns failed
+    return false;
+}
+
+static uint8_t TP_Scan(uint8_t chCoordType)
+{
+    //In X, Y coordinate measurement, IRQ is disabled and output is low
+    if (!DEV_Digital_Read(TP_IRQ_PIN))
+    { //Press the button to press
+        //Read the physical coordinates
+        if (chCoordType)
+        {
+            TP_Read_TwiceADC(&sTP_DEV.Xpoint, &sTP_DEV.Ypoint);
+            //Read the screen coordinates
+        }
+        else if (TP_Read_TwiceADC(&sTP_DEV.Xpoint, &sTP_DEV.Ypoint))
+        {
+
+            if (LCD_2_8 == id)
+            {
+                sTP_Draw.Xpoint = sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column -
+                                  sTP_DEV.fXfac * sTP_DEV.Xpoint -
+                                  sTP_DEV.iXoff;
+                sTP_Draw.Ypoint = sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page -
+                                  sTP_DEV.fYfac * sTP_DEV.Ypoint -
+                                  sTP_DEV.iYoff;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                //DEBUG("(Xad,Yad) = %d,%d\r\n",sTP_DEV.Xpoint,sTP_DEV.Ypoint);
+                if (sTP_DEV.TP_Scan_Dir == R2L_D2U)
+                { //Converts the result to screen coordinates
+                    sTP_Draw.Xpoint = sTP_DEV.fXfac * sTP_DEV.Xpoint +
+                                      sTP_DEV.iXoff;
+                    sTP_Draw.Ypoint = sTP_DEV.fYfac * sTP_DEV.Ypoint +
+                                      sTP_DEV.iYoff;
+                }
+                else if (sTP_DEV.TP_Scan_Dir == L2R_U2D)
+                {
+                    sTP_Draw.Xpoint = sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column -
+                                      sTP_DEV.fXfac * sTP_DEV.Xpoint -
+                                      sTP_DEV.iXoff;
+                    sTP_Draw.Ypoint = sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page -
+                                      sTP_DEV.fYfac * sTP_DEV.Ypoint -
+                                      sTP_DEV.iYoff;
+                }
+                else if (sTP_DEV.TP_Scan_Dir == U2D_R2L)
+                {
+                    sTP_Draw.Xpoint = sTP_DEV.fXfac * sTP_DEV.Ypoint +
+                                      sTP_DEV.iXoff;
+                    sTP_Draw.Ypoint = sTP_DEV.fYfac * sTP_DEV.Xpoint +
+                                      sTP_DEV.iYoff;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    sTP_Draw.Xpoint = sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column -
+                                      sTP_DEV.fXfac * sTP_DEV.Ypoint -
+                                      sTP_DEV.iXoff;
+                    sTP_Draw.Ypoint = sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Page -
+                                      sTP_DEV.fYfac * sTP_DEV.Xpoint -
+                                      sTP_DEV.iYoff;
+                }
+                // DEBUG("( x , y ) = %d,%d\r\n",sTP_Draw.Xpoint,sTP_Draw.Ypoint);
+            }
+        }
+        if (0 == (sTP_DEV.chStatus & TP_PRESS_DOWN))
+        { //Not being pressed
+            sTP_DEV.chStatus = TP_PRESS_DOWN | TP_PRESSED;
+            sTP_DEV.Xpoint0 = sTP_DEV.Xpoint;
+            sTP_DEV.Ypoint0 = sTP_DEV.Ypoint;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (sTP_DEV.chStatus & TP_PRESS_DOWN)
+        {                                  //0x80
+            sTP_DEV.chStatus &= ~(1 << 7); //0x00
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            sTP_DEV.Xpoint0 = 0;
+            sTP_DEV.Ypoint0 = 0;
+            sTP_DEV.Xpoint = 0xffff;
+            sTP_DEV.Ypoint = 0xffff;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return (sTP_DEV.chStatus & TP_PRESS_DOWN);
+}
+
+void TP_GetAdFac(void)
+{
+    if (LCD_2_8 == id)
+    {
+        sTP_DEV.fXfac = 0.066626;
+        sTP_DEV.fYfac = 0.089779;
+        sTP_DEV.iXoff = -20;
+        sTP_DEV.iYoff = -34;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (sTP_DEV.TP_Scan_Dir == D2U_L2R)
+        { //SCAN_DIR_DFT = D2U_L2R
+            sTP_DEV.fXfac = -0.132443;
+            sTP_DEV.fYfac = 0.089997;
+            sTP_DEV.iXoff = 516;
+            sTP_DEV.iYoff = -22;
+        }
+        else if (sTP_DEV.TP_Scan_Dir == L2R_U2D)
+        {
+            sTP_DEV.fXfac = 0.089697;
+            sTP_DEV.fYfac = 0.134792;
+            sTP_DEV.iXoff = -21;
+            sTP_DEV.iYoff = -39;
+        }
+        else if (sTP_DEV.TP_Scan_Dir == R2L_D2U)
+        {
+            sTP_DEV.fXfac = 0.089915;
+            sTP_DEV.fYfac = 0.133178;
+            sTP_DEV.iXoff = -22;
+            sTP_DEV.iYoff = -38;
+        }
+        else if (sTP_DEV.TP_Scan_Dir == U2D_R2L)
+        {
+            sTP_DEV.fXfac = -0.132906;
+            sTP_DEV.fYfac = 0.087964;
+            sTP_DEV.iXoff = 517;
+            sTP_DEV.iYoff = -20;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            LCD_Clear(LCD_BACKGROUND);
+            GUI_DisString_EN(0, 60, "Does not support touch-screen \
+							calibration in this direction",
+                             &Font16, FONT_BACKGROUND, RED);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+void TP_Dialog(void)
+{
+    LCD_Clear(LCD_BACKGROUND);
+
+    GUI_DisString_EN(sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 60, 0,
+                        "CLEAR", &Font16, BLACK, WHITE);
+    GUI_DisString_EN(sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 120, 0,
+                        "SAVE", &Font16, BLACK, WHITE);
+
+    // Draw a box with black border
+    GUI_DrawRectangle(BOX_X0 , BOX_Y0 ,
+                      BOX_X1, BOX_Y1,
+                      BLACK, DRAW_EMPTY, DOT_PIXEL_2X2);
+
+    // NEW: also clear the shadow buffer that mirrors what's drawn
+    memset(sDrawShadow, 0, sizeof(sDrawShadow));
+}
+
+void TP_Save(void)
+{
+    // Snapshot current drawing into the "saved" buffer
+    memcpy(sSavedBitmap, sDrawShadow, sizeof(sSavedBitmap));
+
+    // Optional on-screen / UART feedback
+    GUI_DisString_EN(sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 120, 24,
+                     "SAVED", &Font16, BLACK, WHITE);
+    printf("TP_Save: captured %ux%u pixels from box [%u,%u]-[%u,%u]\r\n",
+           (unsigned)BOX_W, (unsigned)BOX_H,
+           (unsigned)BOX_X0, (unsigned)BOX_Y0,
+           (unsigned)BOX_X1, (unsigned)BOX_Y1);
+
+    // Print the full image as 0/1 so it "looks" like the drawing
+    // (top row first, left->right)
+    TP_DumpBitmapToSerial(sSavedBitmap);
+}
+
+
+void TP_DrawBoard(void)
+{
+    //	sTP_DEV.chStatus &= ~(1 << 6);
+    TP_Scan(0);
+    if (sTP_DEV.chStatus & TP_PRESS_DOWN)
+    { 
+        spi_init(SPI_PORT, 10000000);
+
+        printf("horizontal x:%d,y:%d\n", sTP_Draw.Xpoint, sTP_Draw.Ypoint);
+
+        if (sTP_Draw.Xpoint > (sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 60) &&
+            sTP_Draw.Ypoint < 16)
+        { 
+            TP_Dialog();
+        }
+        else if (sTP_Draw.Xpoint > (sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 120) &&
+                    sTP_Draw.Xpoint < (sLCD_DIS.LCD_Dis_Column - 80) &&
+                    sTP_Draw.Ypoint < 24)
+        { 
+            TP_Save();
+        }
+
+        sTP_Draw.Color = BLACK;
+
+
+        if (sTP_Draw.Xpoint > 100 && sTP_Draw.Xpoint < 380 &&
+            sTP_Draw.Ypoint > 50  && sTP_Draw.Ypoint < 290)
+        {
+            GUI_DrawPoint(sTP_Draw.Xpoint, sTP_Draw.Ypoint,
+                        sTP_Draw.Color, DOT_PIXEL_1X1, DOT_FILL_RIGHTUP);
+            Capture_SetPixel(sTP_Draw.Xpoint, sTP_Draw.Ypoint);
+
+            GUI_DrawPoint(sTP_Draw.Xpoint + 1, sTP_Draw.Ypoint,
+                        sTP_Draw.Color, DOT_PIXEL_1X1, DOT_FILL_RIGHTUP);
+            Capture_SetPixel(sTP_Draw.Xpoint + 1, sTP_Draw.Ypoint);
+
+            GUI_DrawPoint(sTP_Draw.Xpoint, sTP_Draw.Ypoint + 1,
+                        sTP_Draw.Color, DOT_PIXEL_1X1, DOT_FILL_RIGHTUP);
+            Capture_SetPixel(sTP_Draw.Xpoint, sTP_Draw.Ypoint + 1);
+
+            GUI_DrawPoint(sTP_Draw.Xpoint + 1, sTP_Draw.Ypoint + 1,
+                        sTP_Draw.Color, DOT_PIXEL_1X1, DOT_FILL_RIGHTUP);
+            Capture_SetPixel(sTP_Draw.Xpoint + 1, sTP_Draw.Ypoint + 1);
+
+            // The DOT_PIXEL_2X2 point covers the same area; no extra capture needed
+            GUI_DrawPoint(sTP_Draw.Xpoint, sTP_Draw.Ypoint,
+                        sTP_Draw.Color, DOT_PIXEL_2X2, DOT_FILL_RIGHTUP);
+        }
+
+        
+        spi_init(SPI_PORT, 5000000);
+    }
+    SPI4W_Write_Byte(0xFF);
+}
+
+void TP_Init(LCD_SCAN_DIR Lcd_ScanDir)
+{
+    DEV_Digital_Write(TP_CS_PIN, 1);
+
+    sTP_DEV.TP_Scan_Dir = Lcd_ScanDir;
+
+    TP_Read_ADC_XY(&sTP_DEV.Xpoint, &sTP_DEV.Ypoint);
+}

lcd_example/lib/lcd/LCD_Touch.h

+#ifndef __LCD_TOUCH_H_
+#define __LCD_TOUCH_H_
+
+#include "DEV_Config.h"
+#include "LCD_Driver.h"
+#include "LCD_GUI.h"
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#include "pico/float.h"
+
+
+#define TP_PRESS_DOWN           0x80
+#define TP_PRESSED              0x40
+
+//Touch screen structure
+typedef struct {
+	POINT Xpoint0;
+	POINT Ypoint0;
+	POINT Xpoint;
+	POINT Ypoint;
+	uint8_t chStatus;
+	uint8_t chType;
+	int16_t iXoff;
+	int16_t iYoff;
+	float fXfac;
+	float fYfac;
+	//Select the coordinates of the XPT2046 touch \
+	  screen relative to what scan direction
+	LCD_SCAN_DIR TP_Scan_Dir;
+}TP_DEV;
+
+//Brush structure
+typedef struct{
+	POINT Xpoint;
+	POINT Ypoint;
+	COLOR Color;
+	DOT_PIXEL DotPixel; 
+}TP_DRAW;
+
+
+void TP_GetAdFac(void);
+void TP_Adjust(void);
+void TP_Dialog(void);
+void TP_Save(void);
+void TP_DrawBoard(void);
+void TP_Init( LCD_SCAN_DIR Lcd_ScanDir );
+#endif

lcd_example/main.c

+#include "LCD_Driver.h"
+#include "LCD_Touch.h"
+#include "LCD_GUI.h"
+#include "DEV_Config.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "hardware/watchdog.h"
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	uint8_t counter = 0;
+   	
+	System_Init();
+	LCD_SCAN_DIR  lcd_scan_dir = SCAN_DIR_DFT;
+	LCD_Init(lcd_scan_dir,1000);
+	TP_Init(lcd_scan_dir);
+	LCD_SCAN_DIR bmp_scan_dir = D2U_R2L;
+	TP_GetAdFac();
+	TP_Dialog();
+	uint16_t cnt=0;
+	while(1){
+		
+		for(cnt=1000;cnt>2;cnt--)
+		{
+			LCD_SetBackLight(1000);
+			TP_DrawBoard();
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file

lcd_example/pico_sdk_import.cmake

+# This is a copy of <PICO_SDK_PATH>/external/pico_sdk_import.cmake
+
+# This can be dropped into an external project to help locate this SDK
+# It should be include()ed prior to project()
+
+# Copyright 2020 (c) 2020 Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
+# following conditions are met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+# derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
+# INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+# WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH))
+    set(PICO_SDK_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_PATH}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT AND NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG)
+  set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG "master")
+  message("Using master as default value for PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG")
+endif()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}" CACHE BOOL "Set to ON to fetch copy of SDK from git if not otherwise locatable")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" CACHE FILEPATH "location to download SDK")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}" CACHE FILEPATH "release tag for SDK")
+
+if (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH)
+    if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT)
+        include(FetchContent)
+        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR})
+        if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH)
+            get_filename_component(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        endif ()
+        FetchContent_Declare(
+                pico_sdk
+                GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+        )
+
+        if (NOT pico_sdk)
+            message("Downloading Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+            # GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE was added in 3.17
+            if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.17.0")
+                FetchContent_Populate(
+                        pico_sdk
+                        QUIET
+                        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                        GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+                        GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE FALSE
+
+                        SOURCE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-src
+                        BINARY_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-build
+                        SUBBUILD_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-subbuild
+                )
+            else ()
+                FetchContent_Populate(
+                        pico_sdk
+                        QUIET
+                        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                        GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+
+                        SOURCE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-src
+                        BINARY_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-build
+                        SUBBUILD_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-subbuild
+                )
+            endif ()
+
+            set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${pico_sdk_SOURCE_DIR})
+        endif ()
+        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE})
+    else ()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+                "SDK location was not specified. Please set PICO_SDK_PATH or set PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT to on to fetch from git."
+                )
+    endif ()
+endif ()
+
+get_filename_component(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
+if (NOT EXISTS ${PICO_SDK_PATH})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Directory '${PICO_SDK_PATH}' not found")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE ${PICO_SDK_PATH}/pico_sdk_init.cmake)
+if (NOT EXISTS ${PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Directory '${PICO_SDK_PATH}' does not appear to contain the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${PICO_SDK_PATH} CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK" FORCE)
+
+include(${PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE})

mic_example/.gitignore

+build
+!.vscode/*

mic_example/CMakeLists.txt

+# == DO NOT EDIT THE FOLLOWING LINES for the Raspberry Pi Pico VS Code Extension to work ==
+if(WIN32)
+    set(USERHOME $ENV{USERPROFILE})
+else()
+    set(USERHOME $ENV{HOME})
+endif()
+set(sdkVersion 2.2.0)
+set(toolchainVersion 14_2_Rel1)
+set(picotoolVersion 2.2.0)
+set(picoVscode ${USERHOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/pico-vscode.cmake)
+if (EXISTS ${picoVscode})
+    include(${picoVscode})
+endif()
+# ====================================================================================
+set(PICO_BOARD pico CACHE STRING "Board type")
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+
+# Pull in Raspberry Pi Pico SDK (must be before project)
+include(pico_sdk_import.cmake)
+
+project(main C CXX ASM)
+
+# Initialise the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK
+pico_sdk_init()
+
+# --- Executable and microphone sources ---
+add_executable(main
+    main.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/pdm_microphone.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/OpenPDM2PCM/OpenPDMFilter.c
+)
+
+# Generate PIO header for the mic
+pico_generate_pio_header(main
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/pdm_microphone.pio
+)
+
+# Include directories (note the src/include path gets added)
+target_include_directories(main PRIVATE
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/include
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/OpenPDM2PCM
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}          # for staged "pico/pdm_microphone.h"
+)
+
+# --- Stage a virtual include so "pico/pdm_microphone.h" resolves ---
+set(PDM_HDR_SRC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/include/pico/pdm_microphone.h)
+
+add_custom_command(
+    OUTPUT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/pico/pdm_microphone.h
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/pico
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
+            ${PDM_HDR_SRC}
+            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/pico/pdm_microphone.h
+    DEPENDS ${PDM_HDR_SRC}
+    COMMENT "Staging pico/pdm_microphone.h from src/include into build dir"
+    VERBATIM
+)
+add_custom_target(pdm_header ALL
+    DEPENDS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/pico/pdm_microphone.h
+)
+add_dependencies(main pdm_header)
+
+# Link libraries
+target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE
+    pico_stdlib
+    hardware_dma
+    hardware_pio
+)
+
+# Program metadata and I/O
+pico_set_program_name(main "main")
+pico_set_program_version(main "0.1")
+pico_enable_stdio_uart(main 0)
+pico_enable_stdio_usb(main 1)
+
+# Create UF2, bin, etc.
+pico_add_extra_outputs(main)

mic_example/main.c

+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "stdlib.h"
+#include "src/include/pico/pdm_microphone.h"
+#include "tusb.h"
+
+#define AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE 16000
+#define SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE 256
+
+pdm_microphone_config config = {
+    // PDM ID
+    .pdm_id = 0,
+
+    .dma_irq = DMA_IRQ_0,
+
+    // PIO
+    .pio = pio0,
+
+    // GPIO pin for the PDM DAT signal
+    .gpio_data = 18,
+
+    // GPIO pin for the PDM CLK signal
+    .gpio_clk = 19,
+
+    // sample rate in Hz
+    .sample_rate = AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE,
+
+    // number of samples to buffer
+    .sample_buffer_size = SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE,
+};
+
+pdm_mic_obj* pdm_mic;
+
+int16_t sample_buffer[SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+
+volatile bool data_valid = false;
+
+void on_pdm_samples_ready(uint8_t pdm_id) {
+    (void)pdm_id;
+    data_valid = true;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    stdio_init_all();
+    while (!tud_cdc_connected()) {
+        sleep_ms(10); 
+    }
+
+    printf("hello PDM microphone\n");
+
+    pdm_mic = pdm_microphone_init(&config);
+    if (!pdm_mic) {
+        printf("PDM microphone initialization failed!\n");
+        while (1) { tight_loop_contents(); }
+    }
+    printf("PDM microphone initialized\n");
+
+    pdm_microphone_set_samples_ready_handler(pdm_mic, on_pdm_samples_ready);
+
+    if (pdm_microphone_start(pdm_mic) != 0) {
+        printf("PDM microphone start failed!\n");
+        while (1) { tight_loop_contents(); }
+    }
+    printf("PDM microphone started\n");
+
+    uint32_t printed = 0;
+
+    while (true) {
+        if (data_valid) {
+            data_valid = false;
+
+            int n = pdm_microphone_read(pdm_mic, sample_buffer, SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE);
+            if (n > 0) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    printf("%04x\n", (uint16_t)sample_buffer[i]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        sleep_ms(1);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/pico_sdk_import.cmake

+# This is a copy of <PICO_SDK_PATH>/external/pico_sdk_import.cmake
+
+# This can be dropped into an external project to help locate this SDK
+# It should be include()ed prior to project()
+
+# Copyright 2020 (c) 2020 Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
+# following conditions are met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+# derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
+# INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+# WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH))
+    set(PICO_SDK_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_PATH}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT AND NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG)
+  set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG "master")
+  message("Using master as default value for PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG")
+endif()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}" CACHE BOOL "Set to ON to fetch copy of SDK from git if not otherwise locatable")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" CACHE FILEPATH "location to download SDK")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}" CACHE FILEPATH "release tag for SDK")
+
+if (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH)
+    if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT)
+        include(FetchContent)
+        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR})
+        if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH)
+            get_filename_component(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        endif ()
+        FetchContent_Declare(
+                pico_sdk
+                GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+        )
+
+        if (NOT pico_sdk)
+            message("Downloading Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+            # GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE was added in 3.17
+            if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.17.0")
+                FetchContent_Populate(
+                        pico_sdk
+                        QUIET
+                        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                        GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+                        GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE FALSE
+
+                        SOURCE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-src
+                        BINARY_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-build
+                        SUBBUILD_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-subbuild
+                )
+            else ()
+                FetchContent_Populate(
+                        pico_sdk
+                        QUIET
+                        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                        GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+
+                        SOURCE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-src
+                        BINARY_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-build
+                        SUBBUILD_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-subbuild
+                )
+            endif ()
+
+            set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${pico_sdk_SOURCE_DIR})
+        endif ()
+        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE})
+    else ()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+                "SDK location was not specified. Please set PICO_SDK_PATH or set PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT to on to fetch from git."
+                )
+    endif ()
+endif ()
+
+get_filename_component(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
+if (NOT EXISTS ${PICO_SDK_PATH})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Directory '${PICO_SDK_PATH}' not found")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE ${PICO_SDK_PATH}/pico_sdk_init.cmake)
+if (NOT EXISTS ${PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Directory '${PICO_SDK_PATH}' does not appear to contain the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${PICO_SDK_PATH} CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK" FORCE)
+
+include(${PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE})

mic_example/src/OpenPDM2PCM/LICENSE.txt

+ 
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+ 
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+ 
+   1. Definitions.
+ 
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+ 
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+ 
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+ 
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+ 
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+ 
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+ 
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+ 
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+ 
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+ 
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+ 
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+ 
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+ 
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+ 
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+ 
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+ 
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+ 
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+ 
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+ 
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+ 
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+ 
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+ 
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+ 
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+ 
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+ 
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+ 
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+ 
+   Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+ 
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ 
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ 
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+ 
+            
+Repository toolbox
+Import into Mbed Studio
+ Export to desktop IDE
+Repository details
+Type:	 Library
+Created:	27 Apr 2017
+Imports:	 122
+Forks:	 1
+Commits:	 27
+Dependents:	 4
+Dependencies:	 3
+Followers:	 387
+The code in this repository is Apache licensed.
+Components
+ X-NUCLEO-CCA02M1 Digital MEMS Microphones Expansion Board.

mic_example/src/OpenPDM2PCM/OpenPDMFilter.c

+/**
+ *******************************************************************************
+ * @file    OpenPDMFilter.c
+ * @author  CL
+ * @version V1.0.0
+ * @date    9-September-2015
+ * @brief   Open PDM audio software decoding Library.   
+ *          This Library is used to decode and reconstruct the audio signal
+ *          produced by ST MEMS microphone (MP45Dxxx, MP34Dxxx). 
+ *******************************************************************************
+ * @attention
+ *
+ * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT 2018 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *******************************************************************************
+ */
+ 
+ 
+/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+ 
+#include "OpenPDMFilter.h"
+ 
+ 
+/* Variables -----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+ 
+uint32_t div_const = 0;
+int64_t sub_const = 0;
+uint32_t sinc[DECIMATION_MAX * SINCN];
+uint32_t sinc1[DECIMATION_MAX];
+uint32_t sinc2[DECIMATION_MAX * 2];
+uint32_t coef[SINCN][DECIMATION_MAX];
+#ifdef USE_LUT
+int32_t lut[256][DECIMATION_MAX / 8][SINCN];
+#endif
+ 
+ 
+/* Functions -----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+ 
+#ifdef USE_LUT
+int32_t filter_table_mono_64(uint8_t *data, uint8_t sincn)
+{
+  return (int32_t)
+    lut[data[0]][0][sincn] +
+    lut[data[1]][1][sincn] +
+    lut[data[2]][2][sincn] +
+    lut[data[3]][3][sincn] +
+    lut[data[4]][4][sincn] +
+    lut[data[5]][5][sincn] +
+    lut[data[6]][6][sincn] +
+    lut[data[7]][7][sincn];
+}
+int32_t filter_table_stereo_64(uint8_t *data, uint8_t sincn)
+{
+  return (int32_t)
+    lut[data[0]][0][sincn] +
+    lut[data[2]][1][sincn] +
+    lut[data[4]][2][sincn] +
+    lut[data[6]][3][sincn] +
+    lut[data[8]][4][sincn] +
+    lut[data[10]][5][sincn] +
+    lut[data[12]][6][sincn] +
+    lut[data[14]][7][sincn];
+}
+int32_t filter_table_mono_128(uint8_t *data, uint8_t sincn)
+{
+  return (int32_t)
+    lut[data[0]][0][sincn] +
+    lut[data[1]][1][sincn] +
+    lut[data[2]][2][sincn] +
+    lut[data[3]][3][sincn] +
+    lut[data[4]][4][sincn] +
+    lut[data[5]][5][sincn] +
+    lut[data[6]][6][sincn] +
+    lut[data[7]][7][sincn] +
+    lut[data[8]][8][sincn] +
+    lut[data[9]][9][sincn] +
+    lut[data[10]][10][sincn] +
+    lut[data[11]][11][sincn] +
+    lut[data[12]][12][sincn] +
+    lut[data[13]][13][sincn] +
+    lut[data[14]][14][sincn] +
+    lut[data[15]][15][sincn];
+}
+int32_t filter_table_stereo_128(uint8_t *data, uint8_t sincn)
+{
+  return (int32_t)
+    lut[data[0]][0][sincn] +
+    lut[data[2]][1][sincn] +
+    lut[data[4]][2][sincn] +
+    lut[data[6]][3][sincn] +
+    lut[data[8]][4][sincn] +
+    lut[data[10]][5][sincn] +
+    lut[data[12]][6][sincn] +
+    lut[data[14]][7][sincn] +
+    lut[data[16]][8][sincn] +
+    lut[data[18]][9][sincn] +
+    lut[data[20]][10][sincn] +
+    lut[data[22]][11][sincn] +
+    lut[data[24]][12][sincn] +
+    lut[data[26]][13][sincn] +
+    lut[data[28]][14][sincn] +
+    lut[data[30]][15][sincn];
+}
+int32_t (* filter_tables_64[2]) (uint8_t *data, uint8_t sincn) = {filter_table_mono_64, filter_table_stereo_64};
+int32_t (* filter_tables_128[2]) (uint8_t *data, uint8_t sincn) = {filter_table_mono_128, filter_table_stereo_128};
+#else
+int32_t filter_table(uint8_t *data, uint8_t sincn, TPDMFilter_InitStruct *param)
+{
+  uint8_t c, i;
+  uint16_t data_index = 0;
+  uint32_t *coef_p = &coef[sincn][0];
+  int32_t F = 0;
+  uint8_t decimation = param->Decimation;
+  uint8_t channels = param->In_MicChannels;
+ 
+  for (i = 0; i < decimation; i += 8) {
+    c = data[data_index];
+    F += ((c >> 7)       ) * coef_p[i    ] +
+         ((c >> 6) & 0x01) * coef_p[i + 1] +
+         ((c >> 5) & 0x01) * coef_p[i + 2] +
+         ((c >> 4) & 0x01) * coef_p[i + 3] +
+         ((c >> 3) & 0x01) * coef_p[i + 4] +
+         ((c >> 2) & 0x01) * coef_p[i + 5] +
+         ((c >> 1) & 0x01) * coef_p[i + 6] +
+         ((c     ) & 0x01) * coef_p[i + 7];
+    data_index += channels;
+  }
+  return F;
+}
+#endif
+ 
+void convolve(uint32_t Signal[/* SignalLen */], unsigned short SignalLen,
+              uint32_t Kernel[/* KernelLen */], unsigned short KernelLen,
+              uint32_t Result[/* SignalLen + KernelLen - 1 */])
+{
+  uint16_t n;
+ 
+  for (n = 0; n < SignalLen + KernelLen - 1; n++)
+  {
+    unsigned short kmin, kmax, k;
+    
+    Result[n] = 0;
+    
+    kmin = (n >= KernelLen - 1) ? n - (KernelLen - 1) : 0;
+    kmax = (n < SignalLen - 1) ? n : SignalLen - 1;
+    
+    for (k = kmin; k <= kmax; k++) {
+      Result[n] += Signal[k] * Kernel[n - k];
+    }
+  }
+}
+ 
+void Open_PDM_Filter_Init(TPDMFilter_InitStruct *Param)
+{
+  uint16_t i, j;
+  int64_t sum = 0;
+ 
+  uint8_t decimation = Param->Decimation;
+ 
+  for (i = 0; i < SINCN; i++) {
+    Param->Coef[i] = 0;
+    Param->bit[i] = 0;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < decimation; i++) {
+    sinc1[i] = 1;
+  }
+ 
+  Param->OldOut = Param->OldIn = Param->OldZ = 0;
+  Param->LP_ALFA = (Param->LP_HZ != 0 ? (uint16_t) (Param->LP_HZ * 256 / (Param->LP_HZ + Param->Fs / (2 * 3.14159))) : 0);
+  Param->HP_ALFA = (Param->HP_HZ != 0 ? (uint16_t) (Param->Fs * 256 / (2 * 3.14159 * Param->HP_HZ + Param->Fs)) : 0);
+ 
+  Param->FilterLen = decimation * SINCN;       
+  sinc[0] = 0;
+  sinc[decimation * SINCN - 1] = 0;      
+  convolve(sinc1, decimation, sinc1, decimation, sinc2);
+  convolve(sinc2, decimation * 2 - 1, sinc1, decimation, &sinc[1]);     
+  for(j = 0; j < SINCN; j++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < decimation; i++) {
+      coef[j][i] = sinc[j * decimation + i];
+      sum += sinc[j * decimation + i];
+    }
+  }
+ 
+  sub_const = sum >> 1;
+  div_const = sub_const * Param->MaxVolume / 32768 / FILTER_GAIN;
+  div_const = (div_const == 0 ? 1 : div_const);
+ 
+#ifdef USE_LUT
+  /* Look-Up Table. */
+  uint16_t c, d, s;
+  for (s = 0; s < SINCN; s++)
+  {
+    uint32_t *coef_p = &coef[s][0];
+    for (c = 0; c < 256; c++)
+      for (d = 0; d < decimation / 8; d++)
+        lut[c][d][s] = ((c >> 7)       ) * coef_p[d * 8    ] +
+                       ((c >> 6) & 0x01) * coef_p[d * 8 + 1] +
+                       ((c >> 5) & 0x01) * coef_p[d * 8 + 2] +
+                       ((c >> 4) & 0x01) * coef_p[d * 8 + 3] +
+                       ((c >> 3) & 0x01) * coef_p[d * 8 + 4] +
+                       ((c >> 2) & 0x01) * coef_p[d * 8 + 5] +
+                       ((c >> 1) & 0x01) * coef_p[d * 8 + 6] +
+                       ((c     ) & 0x01) * coef_p[d * 8 + 7];
+  }
+#endif
+}
+ 
+void Open_PDM_Filter_64(uint8_t* data, uint16_t* dataOut, uint16_t volume, TPDMFilter_InitStruct *Param)
+{
+  uint8_t i, data_out_index;
+  uint8_t channels = Param->In_MicChannels;
+  uint8_t data_inc = ((DECIMATION_MAX >> 4) * channels);
+  int64_t Z, Z0, Z1, Z2;
+  int64_t OldOut, OldIn, OldZ;
+ 
+  OldOut = Param->OldOut;
+  OldIn = Param->OldIn;
+  OldZ = Param->OldZ;
+ 
+#ifdef USE_LUT
+  uint8_t j = channels - 1;
+#endif
+ 
+  for (i = 0, data_out_index = 0; i < Param->Fs / 1000; i++, data_out_index += channels) {
+#ifdef USE_LUT
+    Z0 = filter_tables_64[j](data, 0);
+    Z1 = filter_tables_64[j](data, 1);
+    Z2 = filter_tables_64[j](data, 2);
+#else
+    Z0 = filter_table(data, 0, Param);
+    Z1 = filter_table(data, 1, Param);
+    Z2 = filter_table(data, 2, Param);
+#endif
+ 
+    Z = Param->Coef[1] + Z2 - sub_const;
+    Param->Coef[1] = Param->Coef[0] + Z1;
+    Param->Coef[0] = Z0;
+ 
+    OldOut = (Param->HP_ALFA * (OldOut + Z - OldIn)) >> 8;
+    OldIn = Z;
+    OldZ = ((256 - Param->LP_ALFA) * OldZ + Param->LP_ALFA * OldOut) >> 8;
+ 
+    Z = OldZ * volume;
+    Z = RoundDiv(Z, div_const);
+    Z = SaturaLH(Z, -32700, 32700);
+ 
+    dataOut[data_out_index] = Z;
+    data += data_inc;
+  }
+ 
+  Param->OldOut = OldOut;
+  Param->OldIn = OldIn;
+  Param->OldZ = OldZ;
+}
+ 
+void Open_PDM_Filter_128(uint8_t* data, uint16_t* dataOut, uint16_t volume, TPDMFilter_InitStruct *Param)
+{
+  uint8_t i, data_out_index;
+  uint8_t channels = Param->In_MicChannels;
+  uint8_t data_inc = ((DECIMATION_MAX >> 3) * channels);
+  int64_t Z, Z0, Z1, Z2;
+  int64_t OldOut, OldIn, OldZ;
+ 
+  OldOut = Param->OldOut;
+  OldIn = Param->OldIn;
+  OldZ = Param->OldZ;
+ 
+#ifdef USE_LUT
+  uint8_t j = channels - 1;
+#endif
+ 
+  for (i = 0, data_out_index = 0; i < Param->Fs / 1000; i++, data_out_index += channels) {
+#ifdef USE_LUT
+    Z0 = filter_tables_128[j](data, 0);
+    Z1 = filter_tables_128[j](data, 1);
+    Z2 = filter_tables_128[j](data, 2);
+#else
+    Z0 = filter_table(data, 0, Param);
+    Z1 = filter_table(data, 1, Param);
+    Z2 = filter_table(data, 2, Param);
+#endif
+ 
+    Z = Param->Coef[1] + Z2 - sub_const;
+    Param->Coef[1] = Param->Coef[0] + Z1;
+    Param->Coef[0] = Z0;
+ 
+    OldOut = (Param->HP_ALFA * (OldOut + Z - OldIn)) >> 8;
+    OldIn = Z;
+    OldZ = ((256 - Param->LP_ALFA) * OldZ + Param->LP_ALFA * OldOut) >> 8;
+ 
+    Z = OldZ * volume;
+    Z = RoundDiv(Z, div_const);
+    Z = SaturaLH(Z, -32700, 32700);
+ 
+    dataOut[data_out_index] = Z;
+    data += data_inc;
+  }
+ 
+  Param->OldOut = OldOut;
+  Param->OldIn = OldIn;
+  Param->OldZ = OldZ;
+}
+ 

mic_example/src/OpenPDM2PCM/OpenPDMFilter.h

+/**
+ *******************************************************************************
+ * @file    OpenPDMFilter.h
+ * @author  CL
+ * @version V1.0.0
+ * @date    9-September-2015
+ * @brief   Header file for Open PDM audio software decoding Library.   
+ *          This Library is used to decode and reconstruct the audio signal
+ *          produced by ST MEMS microphone (MP45Dxxx, MP34Dxxx). 
+ *******************************************************************************
+ * @attention
+ *
+ * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT 2018 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *******************************************************************************
+ */
+ 
+ 
+/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
+ 
+#ifndef __OPENPDMFILTER_H
+#define __OPENPDMFILTER_H
+ 
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+  extern "C" {
+#endif
+ 
+ 
+/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+ 
+#include <stdint.h>
+ 
+ 
+/* Definitions ---------------------------------------------------------------*/
+ 
+/*
+ * Enable to use a Look-Up Table to improve performances while using more FLASH
+ * and RAM memory.
+ * Note: Without Look-Up Table up to stereo@16KHz configuration is supported.
+ */
+#define USE_LUT
+ 
+#define SINCN            3
+#define DECIMATION_MAX 128
+#ifdef PICO_BUILD
+#define FILTER_GAIN     Param->Gain
+#else
+#define FILTER_GAIN     16
+#endif
+ 
+#define HTONS(A) ((((uint16_t)(A) & 0xff00) >> 8) | \
+                 (((uint16_t)(A) & 0x00ff) << 8))
+#define RoundDiv(a, b)    (((a)>0)?(((a)+(b)/2)/(b)):(((a)-(b)/2)/(b)))
+#define SaturaLH(N, L, H) (((N)<(L))?(L):(((N)>(H))?(H):(N)))
+ 
+ 
+/* Types ---------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+ 
+typedef struct {
+  /* Public */
+  float LP_HZ;
+  float HP_HZ;
+  uint16_t Fs;
+  uint8_t In_MicChannels;
+  uint8_t Out_MicChannels;
+  uint8_t Decimation;
+  uint8_t MaxVolume;
+#ifdef PICO_BUILD
+  uint8_t Gain;
+#endif
+  /* Private */
+  uint32_t Coef[SINCN];
+  uint16_t FilterLen;
+  int64_t OldOut, OldIn, OldZ;
+  uint16_t LP_ALFA;
+  uint16_t HP_ALFA;
+  uint16_t bit[5];
+  uint16_t byte;
+} TPDMFilter_InitStruct;
+ 
+ 
+/* Exported functions ------------------------------------------------------- */
+ 
+void Open_PDM_Filter_Init(TPDMFilter_InitStruct *init_struct);
+void Open_PDM_Filter_64(uint8_t* data, uint16_t* data_out, uint16_t mic_gain, TPDMFilter_InitStruct *init_struct);
+void Open_PDM_Filter_128(uint8_t* data, uint16_t* data_out, uint16_t mic_gain, TPDMFilter_InitStruct *init_struct);
+ 
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+ 
+#endif // __OPENPDMFILTER_H
+ 
+/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
+ 

mic_example/src/analog_microphone.c

+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ * 
+ */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hardware/adc.h"
+#include "hardware/clocks.h"
+#include "hardware/dma.h"
+#include "hardware/irq.h"
+
+#include "pico/analog_microphone.h"
+
+#define ANALOG_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT 2
+
+static struct {
+    struct analog_microphone_config config;
+    int dma_channel;
+    uint16_t* raw_buffer[ANALOG_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT];
+    volatile int raw_buffer_write_index;
+    volatile int raw_buffer_read_index;
+    uint buffer_size;
+    int16_t bias;
+    uint dma_irq;
+    analog_samples_ready_handler_t samples_ready_handler;
+} analog_mic;
+
+static void analog_dma_handler();
+
+int analog_microphone_init(const struct analog_microphone_config* config) {
+    memset(&analog_mic, 0x00, sizeof(analog_mic));
+    memcpy(&analog_mic.config, config, sizeof(analog_mic.config));
+
+    if (config->gpio < 26 || config->gpio > 29) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    size_t raw_buffer_size = config->sample_buffer_size * sizeof(analog_mic.raw_buffer[0][0]);
+
+    analog_mic.buffer_size = config->sample_buffer_size;
+    analog_mic.bias = ((int16_t)((config->bias_voltage * 4095) / 3.3));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < ANALOG_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT; i++) {
+        analog_mic.raw_buffer[i] = malloc(raw_buffer_size);
+        if (analog_mic.raw_buffer[i] == NULL) {
+            analog_microphone_deinit();
+
+            return -1;   
+        }
+    }
+
+    analog_mic.dma_channel = dma_claim_unused_channel(true);
+    if (analog_mic.dma_channel < 0) {
+        analog_microphone_deinit();
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    float clk_div = (clock_get_hz(clk_adc) / (1.0 * config->sample_rate)) - 1;
+
+    dma_channel_config dma_channel_cfg = dma_channel_get_default_config(analog_mic.dma_channel);
+
+    channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(&dma_channel_cfg, DMA_SIZE_16);
+    channel_config_set_read_increment(&dma_channel_cfg, false);
+    channel_config_set_write_increment(&dma_channel_cfg, true);
+    channel_config_set_dreq(&dma_channel_cfg, DREQ_ADC);
+
+    analog_mic.dma_irq = DMA_IRQ_0;
+
+    dma_channel_configure(
+        analog_mic.dma_channel,
+        &dma_channel_cfg,
+        analog_mic.raw_buffer[0],
+        &adc_hw->fifo,
+        analog_mic.buffer_size,
+        false
+    );
+
+    adc_gpio_init(config->gpio);
+
+    adc_init();
+    adc_select_input(config->gpio - 26);
+    adc_fifo_setup(
+        true,    // Write each completed conversion to the sample FIFO
+        true,    // Enable DMA data request (DREQ)
+        1,       // DREQ (and IRQ) asserted when at least 1 sample present
+        false,   // We won't see the ERR bit because of 8 bit reads; disable.
+        false    // Don't shift each sample to 8 bits when pushing to FIFO
+    );
+
+    adc_set_clkdiv(clk_div);
+}
+
+void analog_microphone_deinit() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < ANALOG_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (analog_mic.raw_buffer[i]) {
+            free(analog_mic.raw_buffer[i]);
+
+            analog_mic.raw_buffer[i] = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (analog_mic.dma_channel > -1) {
+        dma_channel_unclaim(analog_mic.dma_channel);
+
+        analog_mic.dma_channel = -1;
+    }
+}
+
+int analog_microphone_start() {
+    irq_set_enabled(analog_mic.dma_irq, true);
+    irq_set_exclusive_handler(analog_mic.dma_irq, analog_dma_handler);
+
+    if (analog_mic.dma_irq == DMA_IRQ_0) {
+        dma_channel_set_irq0_enabled(analog_mic.dma_channel, true);
+    } else if (analog_mic.dma_irq == DMA_IRQ_1) {
+        dma_channel_set_irq1_enabled(analog_mic.dma_channel, true);
+    } else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    analog_mic.raw_buffer_write_index = 0;
+    analog_mic.raw_buffer_read_index = 0;
+
+    dma_channel_transfer_to_buffer_now(
+        analog_mic.dma_channel,
+        analog_mic.raw_buffer[0],
+        analog_mic.buffer_size
+    );
+
+    adc_run(true); // start running the adc
+}
+
+void analog_microphone_stop() {
+    adc_run(false); // stop running the adc
+
+    dma_channel_abort(analog_mic.dma_channel);
+
+    if (analog_mic.dma_irq == DMA_IRQ_0) {
+        dma_channel_set_irq0_enabled(analog_mic.dma_channel, false);
+    } else if (analog_mic.dma_irq == DMA_IRQ_1) {
+        dma_channel_set_irq1_enabled(analog_mic.dma_channel, false);
+    }
+
+    irq_set_enabled(analog_mic.dma_irq, false);
+}
+
+static void analog_dma_handler() {
+    // clear IRQ
+    if (analog_mic.dma_irq == DMA_IRQ_0) {
+        dma_hw->ints0 = (1u << analog_mic.dma_channel);
+    } else if (analog_mic.dma_irq == DMA_IRQ_1) {
+        dma_hw->ints1 = (1u << analog_mic.dma_channel);
+    }
+
+    // get the current buffer index
+    analog_mic.raw_buffer_read_index = analog_mic.raw_buffer_write_index;
+
+    // get the next capture index to send the dma to start
+    analog_mic.raw_buffer_write_index = (analog_mic.raw_buffer_write_index + 1) % ANALOG_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT;
+
+    // give the channel a new buffer to write to and re-trigger it
+    dma_channel_transfer_to_buffer_now(
+        analog_mic.dma_channel,
+        analog_mic.raw_buffer[analog_mic.raw_buffer_write_index],
+        analog_mic.buffer_size
+    );
+
+    if (analog_mic.samples_ready_handler) {
+        analog_mic.samples_ready_handler();
+    }
+}
+
+void analog_microphone_set_samples_ready_handler(analog_samples_ready_handler_t handler) {
+    analog_mic.samples_ready_handler = handler;
+}
+
+int analog_microphone_read(int16_t* buffer, size_t samples) {
+    if (samples > analog_mic.config.sample_buffer_size) {
+        samples = analog_mic.config.sample_buffer_size;
+    }
+
+    if (analog_mic.raw_buffer_write_index == analog_mic.raw_buffer_read_index) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    uint16_t* in = analog_mic.raw_buffer[analog_mic.raw_buffer_read_index];
+    int16_t* out = buffer;
+    int16_t bias = analog_mic.bias;
+
+    analog_mic.raw_buffer_read_index++;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
+        *out++ = *in++ - bias;
+    }
+
+    return samples;
+}

mic_example/src/audio_i2s_rx_32b.pio

+; Receive a mono or stereo I2S audio stream as stereo
+; This is 64 bits per sample; can be altered by modifying the "set" params,
+; or made programmable by replacing "set x" with "mov x, y" and using Y as a config register.
+;
+; Autopull must be enabled, with threshold set to 64.
+; Since I2S is MSB-first, shift direction should be to left.
+; Hence the format of the FIFO word is:
+;
+; | 31   :   0 | 31   :    0 |
+; | sample ws=0 | sample ws=1 |
+;
+; Data is output at 1 bit per clock. Use clock divider to adjust frequency.
+; Fractional divider will probably be needed to get correct bit clock period,
+; but for common syslck freqs this should still give a constant word select period.
+;
+; One output pin is used for the data output.
+; Two side-set pins are used. Bit 0 is clock, bit 1 is word select.
+
+; Send 32 bit words to the PIO for mono, 64 bit words for stereo
+
+.program audio_i2s_rx_32b
+.side_set 2
+                    ;            /--- LRCLK
+                    ;            |/-- BCLK
+                    ;            ||
+.wrap_target
+    set x, 30             side 0b00
+left_channel:                   
+    in pins, 1            side 0b01
+    jmp x-- left_channel  side 0b00
+    in pins, 1            side 0b11
+
+    set x, 30             side 0b10
+right_channel:
+    in pins, 1            side 0b11
+    jmp x-- right_channel side 0b10
+    in pins, 1            side 0b01
+.wrap
+% c-sdk {
+
+%}
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/src/audio_i2s_tx_16b.pio

+; Transmit a mono or stereo I2S audio stream as stereo
+; This is 16 bits per sample; can be altered by modifying the "set" params,
+; or made programmable by replacing "set x" with "mov x, y" and using Y as a config register.
+;
+; Autopull must be enabled, with threshold set to 32.
+; Since I2S is MSB-first, shift direction should be to left.
+; Hence the format of the FIFO word is:
+;
+; | 31   :   16 | 15   :    0 |
+; | sample ws=0 | sample ws=1 |
+;
+; Data is output at 1 bit per clock. Use clock divider to adjust frequency.
+; Fractional divider will probably be needed to get correct bit clock period,
+; but for common syslck freqs this should still give a constant word select period.
+;
+; One output pin is used for the data output.
+; Two side-set pins are used. Bit 0 is clock, bit 1 is word select.
+
+; Send 16 bit words to the PIO for mono, 32 bit words for stereo
+
+.program audio_i2s_tx_16b
+.side_set 2
+                    ;            /--- LRCLK
+                    ;            |/-- BCLK
+                    ;            ||
+.wrap_target
+    set x, 14             side 0b01
+left_channel:                   
+    out pins, 1           side 0b00
+    jmp x-- left_channel  side 0b01
+    out pins, 1           side 0b10
+
+    set x, 14             side 0b11
+right_channel:
+    out pins, 1           side 0b10
+    jmp x-- right_channel side 0b11
+public entry_point:
+    out pins, 1           side 0b00
+.wrap
+% c-sdk {
+
+static inline void audio_i2s_tx_16b_program_init(PIO pio, uint sm, uint offset, uint data_pin, uint clock_pin_base) {
+    pio_sm_config sm_config = audio_i2s_tx_16b_program_get_default_config(offset);
+    
+    sm_config_set_out_pins(&sm_config, data_pin, 1);
+    sm_config_set_sideset_pins(&sm_config, clock_pin_base);
+    sm_config_set_out_shift(&sm_config, false, true, 32);
+
+    pio_sm_init(pio, sm, offset, &sm_config);
+
+    uint pin_mask = (1u << data_pin) | (3u << clock_pin_base);
+    pio_sm_set_pindirs_with_mask(pio, sm, pin_mask, pin_mask);
+    pio_sm_set_pins(pio, sm, 0); // clear pins
+
+    pio_sm_exec(pio, sm, pio_encode_jmp(offset + audio_i2s_tx_16b_offset_entry_point));
+}
+
+%}
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/src/audio_i2s_tx_32b.pio

+; Transmit a mono or stereo I2S audio stream as stereo
+; This is 64 bits per sample; can be altered by modifying the "set" params,
+; or made programmable by replacing "set x" with "mov x, y" and using Y as a config register.
+;
+; Autopull must be enabled, with threshold set to 64.
+; Since I2S is MSB-first, shift direction should be to left.
+; Hence the format of the FIFO word is:
+;
+; | 31   :   0 | 31   :    0 |
+; | sample ws=0 | sample ws=1 |
+;
+; Data is output at 1 bit per clock. Use clock divider to adjust frequency.
+; Fractional divider will probably be needed to get correct bit clock period,
+; but for common syslck freqs this should still give a constant word select period.
+;
+; One output pin is used for the data output.
+; Two side-set pins are used. Bit 0 is clock, bit 1 is word select.
+
+; Send 32 bit words to the PIO for mono, 64 bit words for stereo
+
+.program audio_i2s_tx_32b
+.side_set 2
+                    ;            /--- LRCLK
+                    ;            |/-- BCLK
+                    ;            ||
+.wrap_target
+    set x, 30             side 0b01
+left_channel:                   
+    out pins, 1           side 0b00
+    jmp x-- left_channel  side 0b01
+    out pins, 1           side 0b10
+
+    set x, 30             side 0b11
+right_channel:
+    out pins, 1           side 0b10
+    jmp x-- right_channel side 0b11
+public entry_point:
+    out pins, 1           side 0b00
+.wrap
+% c-sdk {
+
+static inline void audio_i2s_tx_32b_program_init(PIO pio, uint sm, uint offset, uint data_pin, uint clock_pin_base) {
+    pio_sm_config sm_config = audio_i2s_tx_32b_program_get_default_config(offset);
+    
+    sm_config_set_out_pins(&sm_config, data_pin, 1);
+    sm_config_set_sideset_pins(&sm_config, clock_pin_base);
+    sm_config_set_out_shift(&sm_config, false, true, 32);
+
+    pio_sm_init(pio, sm, offset, &sm_config);
+
+    uint pin_mask = (1u << data_pin) | (3u << clock_pin_base);
+    pio_sm_set_pindirs_with_mask(pio, sm, pin_mask, pin_mask);
+    pio_sm_set_pins(pio, sm, 0); // clear pins
+
+    pio_sm_exec(pio, sm, pio_encode_jmp(offset + audio_i2s_tx_32b_offset_entry_point));
+}
+
+%}
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/src/dc_offset_filter.c

+#include "pico/dc_offset_filter.h"
+
+void dc_offset_filter_init(dc_offset_filter_t* self, int32_t apply_delay_samples){
+	self->sample_mean_value_sum = 0;
+	self->sample_mean_value_cntr = 0;
+	self->sample_mean_value = 0;
+	self->apply_delay_samples = apply_delay_samples;
+}
+
+int32_t dc_offset_filter_main(dc_offset_filter_t* self, int32_t input_sample, bool update_mean_val){
+	int32_t sample_mean_value_approx;
+
+	// Update mean value
+	if((update_mean_val == true) && (self->sample_mean_value_cntr >=  self->apply_delay_samples)){
+		self->sample_mean_value = self->sample_mean_value_sum / self->sample_mean_value_cntr;
+	}
+
+	// Use mean value if we have enough input samples
+	if(self->sample_mean_value_cntr <=  self->apply_delay_samples)
+		sample_mean_value_approx = 0;
+	else  
+		sample_mean_value_approx = self->sample_mean_value;
+
+	// increase counters
+	self->sample_mean_value_sum = self->sample_mean_value_sum + input_sample;
+	self->sample_mean_value_cntr ++;
+
+	// return output value subtracting mean value:
+	return input_sample - sample_mean_value_approx;
+}
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/src/include/pico/analog_microphone.h

+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ * 
+ */
+
+#ifndef _PICO_ANALOG_MICROPHONE_H_
+#define _PICO_ANALOG_MICROPHONE_H_
+
+typedef void (*analog_samples_ready_handler_t)(void);
+
+struct analog_microphone_config {
+    uint gpio;
+    float bias_voltage;
+    uint sample_rate;
+    uint sample_buffer_size;
+};
+
+int analog_microphone_init(const struct analog_microphone_config* config);
+void analog_microphone_deinit();
+
+int analog_microphone_start();
+void analog_microphone_stop();
+
+void analog_microphone_set_samples_ready_handler(analog_samples_ready_handler_t handler);
+
+int analog_microphone_read(int16_t* buffer, size_t samples);
+
+#endif

mic_example/src/include/pico/dc_offset_filter.h

+#ifndef DC_OFFSET_FILTER__H
+#define DC_OFFSET_FILTER__H
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+typedef struct _dc_offset_filter_t {
+	int64_t sample_mean_value_sum;
+	int32_t sample_mean_value_cntr;
+	int32_t sample_mean_value;
+	int32_t apply_delay_samples;
+} dc_offset_filter_t;
+
+void dc_offset_filter_init(dc_offset_filter_t* self, int32_t apply_delay_samples);
+
+int32_t dc_offset_filter_main(dc_offset_filter_t* self, int32_t input_sample, bool update_mean_val);
+
+#endif //DC_OFFSET_FILTER__H

mic_example/src/include/pico/default_i2s_board_defines.h

+#ifndef DEFAULT_I2S_BOARD_DEFINES__H
+#define DEFAULT_I2S_BOARD_DEFINES__H
+
+
+//-------------------------
+// I2s defines
+//-------------------------
+#define I2S_MIC_INMP441
+
+#ifdef I2S_MIC_INMP441
+    #ifndef I2S_MIC_SD
+        #define I2S_MIC_SD 14
+    #endif //I2S_MIC_SD
+
+    #ifndef I2S_MIC_SCK
+        #define I2S_MIC_SCK 15
+    #endif //I2S_MIC_SCK
+
+    #ifndef I2S_MIC_WS
+        #define I2S_MIC_WS (I2S_MIC_SCK+1) // needs to be I2S_MIC_SCK +1
+    #endif //I2S_MIC_WS
+#else //I2S_MIC_INMP441
+    
+    #ifndef I2S_MIC_SPH_DC_OFFSET
+        #define I2S_MIC_SPH_DC_OFFSET 0xf8c80000
+    #endif //I2S_MIC_SPH_DC_OFFSET
+
+    #ifndef I2S_MIC_SD
+        #define I2S_MIC_SD 10 
+    #endif //I2S_MIC_SD
+
+    #ifndef I2S_MIC_SCK
+        #define I2S_MIC_SCK 11
+    #endif //I2S_MIC_SCK
+
+    #ifndef I2S_MIC_WS
+        #define I2S_MIC_WS (I2S_MIC_SCK+1) // needs to be I2S_MIC_SCK +1
+    #endif //I2S_MIC_WS
+#endif //I2S_MIC_INMP441
+
+#ifndef I2S_MIC_BPS
+    #define I2S_MIC_BPS 32 // 24 is not valid in this implementation, but INMP441 outputs 24 bits samples
+#endif //I2S_MIC_BPS
+
+#ifndef I2S_MIC_RATE_DEF
+    #define I2S_MIC_RATE_DEF (16000)
+#endif //I2S_MIC_RATE_DEF
+
+#ifndef I2S_SPK_SD
+    #define I2S_SPK_SD 2 
+#endif //I2S_SPK_SD
+
+#ifndef I2S_SPK_SCK
+    #define I2S_SPK_SCK 3
+#endif //I2S_SPK_SCK
+
+#ifndef I2S_SPK_WS
+    #define I2S_SPK_WS (I2S_SPK_SCK+1) // needs to be SPK_SCK +1
+#endif //I2S_SPK_WS
+
+#ifndef I2S_SPK_BPS
+    #define I2S_SPK_BPS 32
+#endif //I2S_SPK_BPS
+
+#ifndef I2S_SPK_RATE_DEF
+    #define I2S_SPK_RATE_DEF (48000)
+#endif //I2S_SPK_RATE_DEF
+
+typedef struct  {
+    uint32_t left;
+    uint32_t right;
+} i2s_32b_audio_sample;
+
+typedef struct  {
+    uint16_t left;
+    uint16_t right;
+} i2s_16b_audio_sample;
+
+//-------------------------
+
+#endif //DEFAULT_I2S_BOARD_DEFINES__H
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/src/include/pico/machine_i2s.h

+#ifndef MACHINE_I2S__H
+#define MACHINE_I2S__H
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hardware/pio.h"
+#include "hardware/clocks.h"
+#include "hardware/gpio.h"
+#include "hardware/dma.h"
+#include "hardware/irq.h"
+
+#include "pico/ring_buf.h"
+
+// Notes on this port's specific implementation of I2S:
+// - the DMA IRQ handler is used to implement the asynchronous background operations, for non-blocking mode
+// - the PIO is used to drive the I2S bus signals
+// - all sample data transfers use non-blocking DMA
+// - the DMA controller is configured with 2 DMA channels in chained mode
+
+#define MAX_I2S_RP2 (2)
+
+// The DMA buffer size was empirically determined.  It is a tradeoff between:
+// 1. memory use (smaller buffer size desirable to reduce memory footprint)
+// 2. interrupt frequency (larger buffer size desirable to reduce interrupt frequency)
+#define SIZEOF_DMA_BUFFER_IN_BYTES (96*8*2) // Max frequency is 96000. in worst case. 1ms contains 96 samples. Each sample is 8 bytes. Need to hold 2 buffers of this size
+#define SIZEOF_HALF_DMA_BUFFER_IN_BYTES (SIZEOF_DMA_BUFFER_IN_BYTES / 2)
+#define I2S_NUM_DMA_CHANNELS (2)
+
+// For non-blocking mode, to avoid underflow/overflow, sample data is written/read to/from the ring buffer at a rate faster
+// than the DMA transfer rate
+#define NON_BLOCKING_RATE_MULTIPLIER (4)
+#define SIZEOF_NON_BLOCKING_COPY_IN_BYTES (SIZEOF_HALF_DMA_BUFFER_IN_BYTES * NON_BLOCKING_RATE_MULTIPLIER)
+
+#define NUM_I2S_USER_FORMATS (4)
+#define I2S_RX_FRAME_SIZE_IN_BYTES (8)
+
+#define SAMPLES_PER_FRAME (2)
+#define PIO_INSTRUCTIONS_PER_BIT (2)
+
+
+#define STATIC static
+#define mp_hal_pin_obj_t uint
+
+#ifndef m_new
+    #define m_new(type, num) ((type *)(malloc(sizeof(type) * (num))))
+#endif //m_new
+
+#ifndef m_new_obj
+    #define m_new_obj(type) (m_new(type, 1))
+#endif //m_new_obj
+
+
+typedef enum {
+    RX,
+    TX
+} i2s_mode_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+    MONO,
+    STEREO
+} format_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+    BLOCKING,
+    NON_BLOCKING,
+    UASYNCIO
+} io_mode_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+    GP_INPUT = 0,
+    GP_OUTPUT = 1
+} gpio_dir_t;
+
+
+
+// Buffer protocol
+
+typedef struct _mp_buffer_info_t {
+    void *buf;      // can be NULL if len == 0
+    size_t len;     // in bytes
+    int typecode;   // as per binary.h
+} mp_buffer_info_t;
+
+typedef struct _non_blocking_descriptor_t {
+    mp_buffer_info_t appbuf;
+    uint32_t index;
+    bool copy_in_progress;
+} non_blocking_descriptor_t;
+
+typedef struct _machine_i2s_obj_t {
+    uint8_t i2s_id;
+    mp_hal_pin_obj_t sck;
+    mp_hal_pin_obj_t ws;
+    mp_hal_pin_obj_t sd;
+    i2s_mode_t mode;
+    int8_t bits;
+    format_t format;
+    int32_t rate;
+    int32_t ibuf;
+    io_mode_t io_mode;
+    PIO pio;
+    uint8_t sm;
+    const pio_program_t *pio_program;
+    uint prog_offset;
+    int dma_channel[I2S_NUM_DMA_CHANNELS];
+    uint8_t dma_buffer[SIZEOF_DMA_BUFFER_IN_BYTES];
+    ring_buf_t ring_buffer;
+    uint8_t *ring_buffer_storage;
+    non_blocking_descriptor_t non_blocking_descriptor;
+    uint32_t sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes;
+    uint32_t sizeof_non_blocking_copy_in_bytes;
+} machine_i2s_obj_t;
+
+
+
+machine_i2s_obj_t* create_machine_i2s(uint8_t i2s_id,
+              mp_hal_pin_obj_t sck, mp_hal_pin_obj_t ws, mp_hal_pin_obj_t sd,
+              i2s_mode_t i2s_mode, int8_t i2s_bits, format_t i2s_format,
+              int32_t ring_buffer_len, int32_t i2s_rate);
+
+
+int machine_i2s_read_stream(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, void *buf_in, size_t size);
+int machine_i2s_write_stream(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, void *buf_in, size_t size);
+
+//void update_pio_frequency(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, uint32_t sample_freq);
+
+#endif //MACHINE_I2S__H
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/src/include/pico/pdm_microphone.h

+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ * 
+ */
+
+#ifndef _PICO_PDM_MICROPHONE_H_
+#define _PICO_PDM_MICROPHONE_H_
+
+#include "hardware/pio.h"
+
+#include "OpenPDMFilter.h"
+
+#define MAX_PDM_RP2 (2)
+
+#ifndef STATIC
+    #define STATIC static
+#endif //STATIC
+
+#ifndef m_new
+    #define m_new(type, num) ((type *)(malloc(sizeof(type) * (num))))
+#endif //m_new
+
+#ifndef m_new_obj
+    #define m_new_obj(type) (m_new(type, 1))
+#endif //m_new_obj
+
+#define PDM_DECIMATION       64
+#define PDM_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT 2
+
+typedef void (*pdm_samples_ready_handler_t)(uint8_t pdm_id);
+
+typedef struct  __pdm_microphone_config{
+    uint8_t pdm_id;
+    PIO pio;
+    uint dma_irq;
+    uint gpio_data;
+    uint gpio_clk;
+    uint sample_rate;
+    uint sample_buffer_size;
+} pdm_microphone_config;
+
+typedef struct __pdm_mic_obj{
+    uint8_t pdm_id;
+    pdm_microphone_config* config;
+    uint pio_sm;
+    uint pio_sm_offset;
+    int dma_channel;
+    uint8_t* raw_buffer[PDM_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT];
+    volatile int raw_buffer_write_index;
+    volatile int raw_buffer_read_index;
+    uint raw_buffer_size;
+    TPDMFilter_InitStruct filter;
+    uint16_t filter_volume;
+    pdm_samples_ready_handler_t samples_ready_handler;
+} pdm_mic_obj;
+
+pdm_mic_obj* pdm_microphone_init(pdm_microphone_config* config);
+void pdm_microphone_deinit(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic);
+
+int pdm_microphone_start(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic);
+void pdm_microphone_stop(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic);
+
+void pdm_microphone_set_samples_ready_handler(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic, pdm_samples_ready_handler_t handler);
+void pdm_microphone_set_filter_max_volume(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic, uint8_t max_volume);
+void pdm_microphone_set_filter_gain(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic, uint8_t gain);
+void pdm_microphone_set_filter_volume(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic, uint16_t volume);
+
+int pdm_microphone_read(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic, int16_t* buffer, size_t samples);
+
+#endif

mic_example/src/include/pico/ring_buf.h

+#ifndef RING_BUF__H
+#define RING_BUF__H
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+typedef struct _ring_buf_t {
+    uint8_t *buffer;
+    size_t head;
+    size_t tail;
+    size_t size;
+} ring_buf_t;
+
+void ringbuf_init(ring_buf_t *rbuf, uint8_t *buffer, size_t size);
+
+bool ringbuf_push(ring_buf_t *rbuf, uint8_t data);
+
+bool ringbuf_pop(ring_buf_t *rbuf, uint8_t *data);
+
+bool ringbuf_is_empty(ring_buf_t *rbuf);
+
+bool ringbuf_is_full(ring_buf_t *rbuf);
+
+size_t ringbuf_available_data(ring_buf_t *rbuf);
+
+size_t ringbuf_available_space(ring_buf_t *rbuf);
+
+
+#endif //RING_BUF__H
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/src/include/pico/volume_ctrl.h

+#pragma once 
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+
+#include "stdbool.h"
+
+// todo this seemed like aood guess, but is not correct
+static const uint16_t db_to_vol[91] = {
+        0x0001, 0x0001, 0x0001, 0x0001, 0x0001, 0x0001, 0x0002, 0x0002,
+        0x0002, 0x0002, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0004, 0x0004, 0x0005, 0x0005,
+        0x0006, 0x0007, 0x0008, 0x0009, 0x000a, 0x000b, 0x000d, 0x000e,
+        0x0010, 0x0012, 0x0014, 0x0017, 0x001a, 0x001d, 0x0020, 0x0024,
+        0x0029, 0x002e, 0x0033, 0x003a, 0x0041, 0x0049, 0x0052, 0x005c,
+        0x0067, 0x0074, 0x0082, 0x0092, 0x00a4, 0x00b8, 0x00ce, 0x00e7,
+        0x0104, 0x0124, 0x0147, 0x016f, 0x019c, 0x01ce, 0x0207, 0x0246,
+        0x028d, 0x02dd, 0x0337, 0x039b, 0x040c, 0x048a, 0x0518, 0x05b7,
+        0x066a, 0x0732, 0x0813, 0x090f, 0x0a2a, 0x0b68, 0x0ccc, 0x0e5c,
+        0x101d, 0x1214, 0x1449, 0x16c3, 0x198a, 0x1ca7, 0x2026, 0x2413,
+        0x287a, 0x2d6a, 0x32f5, 0x392c, 0x4026, 0x47fa, 0x50c3, 0x5a9d,
+        0x65ac, 0x7214, 0x7fff
+};
+
+// actually windows doesn't seem to like this in the middle, so set top range to 0db
+#define CENTER_VOLUME_INDEX 91
+
+#define ENCODE_DB(x) ((uint16_t)(int16_t)((x)*256))
+
+#define MIN_VOLUME           ENCODE_DB(-CENTER_VOLUME_INDEX)
+#define DEFAULT_VOLUME       ENCODE_DB(0)
+#define MAX_VOLUME           ENCODE_DB(count_of(db_to_vol)-CENTER_VOLUME_INDEX)
+#define VOLUME_RESOLUTION    ENCODE_DB(1)
+
+uint16_t vol_to_db_convert(bool channel_mute, uint16_t channel_volume);
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/src/machine_i2s.c

+/*
+ * This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Mike Teachman
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+// This file is never compiled standalone, it's included directly from
+// extmod/machine_i2s.c via MICROPY_PY_MACHINE_I2S_INCLUDEFILE.
+
+#include "pico/machine_i2s.h"
+
+#include "audio_i2s_tx_16b.pio.h"
+#include "audio_i2s_tx_32b.pio.h"
+#include "audio_i2s_rx_32b.pio.h"
+
+STATIC machine_i2s_obj_t* machine_i2s_obj[MAX_I2S_RP2] = {NULL, NULL};
+
+// The frame map is used with the readinto() method to transform the audio sample data coming
+// from DMA memory (32-bit stereo) to the format specified
+// in the I2S constructor.  e.g.  16-bit mono
+STATIC const int8_t i2s_frame_map[NUM_I2S_USER_FORMATS][I2S_RX_FRAME_SIZE_IN_BYTES] = {
+    {-1, -1,  0,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },  // Mono, 16-bits
+    { 0,  1,  2,  3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },  // Mono, 32-bits
+    {-1, -1,  0,  1, -1, -1,  2,  3 },  // Stereo, 16-bits
+    { 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7 },  // Stereo, 32-bits
+};
+
+STATIC const PIO pio_instances[NUM_PIOS] = {pio0, pio1};
+
+//  PIO program for 16-bit write
+//    set(x, 14)                  .side(0b01)
+//    label('left_channel')
+//    out(pins, 1)                .side(0b00)
+//    jmp(x_dec, "left_channel")  .side(0b01)
+//    out(pins, 1)                .side(0b10)
+//    set(x, 14)                  .side(0b11)
+//    label('right_channel')
+//    out(pins, 1)                .side(0b10)
+//    jmp(x_dec, "right_channel") .side(0b11)
+//    out(pins, 1)                .side(0b00)
+STATIC const uint16_t pio_instructions_write_16[] = {59438, 24577, 2113, 28673, 63534, 28673, 6213, 24577};
+STATIC const pio_program_t pio_write_16 = {
+    pio_instructions_write_16,
+    sizeof(pio_instructions_write_16) / sizeof(uint16_t),
+    -1
+};
+
+//  PIO program for 32-bit write
+//    set(x, 30)                  .side(0b01)
+//    label('left_channel')
+//    out(pins, 1)                .side(0b00)
+//    jmp(x_dec, "left_channel")  .side(0b01)
+//    out(pins, 1)                .side(0b10)
+//    set(x, 30)                  .side(0b11)
+//    label('right_channel')
+//    out(pins, 1)                .side(0b10)
+//    jmp(x_dec, "right_channel") .side(0b11)
+//    out(pins, 1)                .side(0b00)
+STATIC const uint16_t pio_instructions_write_32[] = {59454, 24577, 2113, 28673, 63550, 28673, 6213, 24577};
+STATIC const pio_program_t pio_write_32 = {
+    pio_instructions_write_32,
+    sizeof(pio_instructions_write_32) / sizeof(uint16_t),
+    -1
+};
+
+//  PIO program for 32-bit read
+//    set(x, 30)                  .side(0b00)
+//    label('left_channel')
+//    in_(pins, 1)                .side(0b01)
+//    jmp(x_dec, "left_channel")  .side(0b00)
+//    in_(pins, 1)                .side(0b11)
+//    set(x, 30)                  .side(0b10)
+//    label('right_channel')
+//    in_(pins, 1)                .side(0b11)
+//    jmp(x_dec, "right_channel") .side(0b10)
+//    in_(pins, 1)                .side(0b01)
+STATIC const uint16_t pio_instructions_read_32[] = {57406, 18433, 65, 22529, 61502, 22529, 4165, 18433};
+STATIC const pio_program_t pio_read_32 = {
+    pio_instructions_read_32,
+    sizeof(pio_instructions_read_32) / sizeof(uint16_t),
+    -1
+};
+
+STATIC uint8_t dma_get_bits(i2s_mode_t mode, int8_t bits);
+STATIC void dma_irq0_handler(void);
+STATIC void dma_irq1_handler(void);
+STATIC void machine_i2s_deinit(machine_i2s_obj_t *self);
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+STATIC int8_t get_frame_mapping_index(int8_t bits, format_t format) {
+    if (format == MONO) {
+        if (bits == 16) {
+            return 0;
+        } else { // 32 bits
+            return 1;
+        }
+    } else { // STEREO
+        if (bits == 16) {
+            return 2;
+        } else { // 32 bits
+            return 3;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC uint32_t fill_appbuf_from_ringbuf(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, mp_buffer_info_t *appbuf) {
+
+    // copy audio samples from the ring buffer to the app buffer
+    // loop, copying samples until the app buffer is filled
+    // For uasyncio mode, the loop will make an early exit if the ring buffer becomes empty
+    // Example:
+    //   a MicroPython I2S object is configured for 16-bit mono (2 bytes per audio sample).
+    //   For every frame coming from the ring buffer (8 bytes), 2 bytes are "cherry picked" and
+    //   copied to the supplied app buffer.
+    //   Thus, for every 1 byte copied to the app buffer, 4 bytes are read from the ring buffer.
+    //   If a 8kB app buffer is supplied, 32kB of audio samples is read from the ring buffer.
+
+    uint32_t num_bytes_copied_to_appbuf = 0;
+    uint8_t *app_p = (uint8_t *)appbuf->buf;
+    uint8_t appbuf_sample_size_in_bytes = (self->bits == 16? 2 : 4) * (self->format == STEREO ? 2: 1);
+    uint32_t num_bytes_needed_from_ringbuf = appbuf->len * (I2S_RX_FRAME_SIZE_IN_BYTES / appbuf_sample_size_in_bytes);
+    uint8_t discard_byte;
+    while (num_bytes_needed_from_ringbuf) {
+
+        uint8_t f_index = get_frame_mapping_index(self->bits, self->format);
+
+        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < I2S_RX_FRAME_SIZE_IN_BYTES; i++) {
+            int8_t r_to_a_mapping = i2s_frame_map[f_index][i];
+            if (r_to_a_mapping != -1) {
+                if (self->io_mode == BLOCKING) {
+                    // poll the ringbuf until a sample becomes available,  copy into appbuf using the mapping transform
+                    while (ringbuf_pop(&self->ring_buffer, app_p + r_to_a_mapping) == false) {
+                        ;
+                    }
+                    num_bytes_copied_to_appbuf++;
+                } else if (self->io_mode == UASYNCIO) {
+                    if (ringbuf_pop(&self->ring_buffer, app_p + r_to_a_mapping) == false) {
+                        // ring buffer is empty, exit
+                        goto exit;
+                    } else {
+                        num_bytes_copied_to_appbuf++;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    return 0;  // should never get here (non-blocking mode does not use this function)
+                }
+            } else { // r_a_mapping == -1
+                // discard unused byte from ring buffer
+                if (self->io_mode == BLOCKING) {
+                    // poll the ringbuf until a sample becomes available
+                    while (ringbuf_pop(&self->ring_buffer, &discard_byte) == false) {
+                        ;
+                    }
+                } else if (self->io_mode == UASYNCIO) {
+                    if (ringbuf_pop(&self->ring_buffer, &discard_byte) == false) {
+                        // ring buffer is empty, exit
+                        goto exit;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    return 0;  // should never get here (non-blocking mode does not use this function)
+                }
+            }
+            num_bytes_needed_from_ringbuf--;
+        }
+        app_p += appbuf_sample_size_in_bytes;
+    }
+exit:
+    return num_bytes_copied_to_appbuf;
+}
+
+STATIC uint32_t copy_appbuf_to_ringbuf(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, mp_buffer_info_t *appbuf) {
+
+    // copy audio samples from the app buffer to the ring buffer
+    // loop, reading samples until the app buffer is emptied
+    // for uasyncio mode, the loop will make an early exit if the ring buffer becomes full
+
+    uint32_t a_index = 0;
+
+    while (a_index < appbuf->len) {
+        if (self->io_mode == BLOCKING) {
+            // copy a byte to the ringbuf when space becomes available
+            while (ringbuf_push(&self->ring_buffer, ((uint8_t *)appbuf->buf)[a_index]) == false) {
+                ;
+            }
+            a_index++;
+        } else if (self->io_mode == UASYNCIO) {
+            if (ringbuf_push(&self->ring_buffer, ((uint8_t *)appbuf->buf)[a_index]) == false) {
+                // ring buffer is full, exit
+                break;
+            } else {
+                a_index++;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return 0;  // should never get here (non-blocking mode does not use this function)
+        }
+    }
+
+    return a_index;
+}
+
+// function is used in IRQ context
+static void copy_appbuf_to_ringbuf_non_blocking(machine_i2s_obj_t *self) {
+
+    // copy audio samples from app buffer into ring buffer
+    uint32_t num_bytes_remaining_to_copy = self->non_blocking_descriptor.appbuf.len - self->non_blocking_descriptor.index;
+    uint32_t num_bytes_to_copy = MIN(self->sizeof_non_blocking_copy_in_bytes, num_bytes_remaining_to_copy);
+
+    if (ringbuf_available_space(&self->ring_buffer) >= num_bytes_to_copy) {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_bytes_to_copy; i++) {
+            ringbuf_push(&self->ring_buffer,
+                ((uint8_t *)self->non_blocking_descriptor.appbuf.buf)[self->non_blocking_descriptor.index + i]);
+        }
+
+        self->non_blocking_descriptor.index += num_bytes_to_copy;
+        if (self->non_blocking_descriptor.index >= self->non_blocking_descriptor.appbuf.len) {
+            self->non_blocking_descriptor.copy_in_progress = false;
+            //mp_sched_schedule(self->callback_for_non_blocking, MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void fill_appbuf_from_ringbuf_non_blocking(machine_i2s_obj_t *self) {
+
+    // attempt to copy a block of audio samples from the ring buffer to the supplied app buffer.
+    // audio samples will be formatted as part of the copy operation
+
+    uint32_t num_bytes_copied_to_appbuf = 0;
+    uint8_t *app_p = &(((uint8_t *)self->non_blocking_descriptor.appbuf.buf)[self->non_blocking_descriptor.index]);
+
+    uint8_t appbuf_sample_size_in_bytes = (self->bits == 16? 2 : 4) * (self->format == STEREO ? 2: 1);
+    uint32_t num_bytes_remaining_to_copy_to_appbuf = self->non_blocking_descriptor.appbuf.len - self->non_blocking_descriptor.index;
+    uint32_t num_bytes_remaining_to_copy_from_ring_buffer = num_bytes_remaining_to_copy_to_appbuf *
+        (I2S_RX_FRAME_SIZE_IN_BYTES / appbuf_sample_size_in_bytes);
+    uint32_t num_bytes_needed_from_ringbuf = MIN(self->sizeof_non_blocking_copy_in_bytes, num_bytes_remaining_to_copy_from_ring_buffer);
+    uint8_t discard_byte;
+    if (ringbuf_available_data(&self->ring_buffer) >= num_bytes_needed_from_ringbuf) {
+        while (num_bytes_needed_from_ringbuf) {
+
+            uint8_t f_index = get_frame_mapping_index(self->bits, self->format);
+
+            for (uint8_t i = 0; i < I2S_RX_FRAME_SIZE_IN_BYTES; i++) {
+                int8_t r_to_a_mapping = i2s_frame_map[f_index][i];
+                if (r_to_a_mapping != -1) {
+                    ringbuf_pop(&self->ring_buffer, app_p + r_to_a_mapping);
+                    num_bytes_copied_to_appbuf++;
+                } else { // r_a_mapping == -1
+                    // discard unused byte from ring buffer
+                    ringbuf_pop(&self->ring_buffer, &discard_byte);
+                }
+                num_bytes_needed_from_ringbuf--;
+            }
+            app_p += appbuf_sample_size_in_bytes;
+        }
+        self->non_blocking_descriptor.index += num_bytes_copied_to_appbuf;
+
+        if (self->non_blocking_descriptor.index >= self->non_blocking_descriptor.appbuf.len) {
+            self->non_blocking_descriptor.copy_in_progress = false;
+            //mp_sched_schedule(self->callback_for_non_blocking, MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// function is used in IRQ context
+STATIC void empty_dma(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, uint8_t *dma_buffer_p) {
+    // when space exists, copy samples into ring buffer
+    if (ringbuf_available_space(&self->ring_buffer) >= self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes) {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes; i++) {
+            ringbuf_push(&self->ring_buffer, dma_buffer_p[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// function is used in IRQ context
+STATIC uint32_t feed_dma(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, uint8_t *dma_buffer_p) {
+    // when data exists, copy samples from ring buffer
+    uint32_t available_data_bytes = ringbuf_available_data(&self->ring_buffer);
+    if(available_data_bytes > self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes)
+    {
+        available_data_bytes = self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes;
+    }
+    uint32_t transfer_size_in_bytes = dma_get_bits(self->mode, self->bits) / 8;
+    uint32_t available_data_transfers = (available_data_bytes==0) ? 0 : (available_data_bytes/transfer_size_in_bytes);
+
+    //if (available_data >= self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes) {
+    if (available_data_bytes >= self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes) {
+        // copy a block of samples from the ring buffer to the dma buffer.
+        // STM32 HAL API has a stereo I2S implementation, but not mono
+        // mono format is implemented by duplicating each sample into both L and R channels.
+        if ((self->format == MONO) && (self->bits == 16)) {
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < available_data_transfers; i++) {
+                for (uint8_t b = 0; b < sizeof(uint16_t); b++) {
+                    ringbuf_pop(&self->ring_buffer, &dma_buffer_p[i * 4 + b]);
+                    dma_buffer_p[i * 4 + b + 2] = dma_buffer_p[i * 4 + b]; // duplicated mono sample
+                }
+            }
+        } else if ((self->format == MONO) && (self->bits == 32)) {
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < available_data_transfers; i++) {
+                for (uint8_t b = 0; b < sizeof(uint32_t); b++) {
+                    ringbuf_pop(&self->ring_buffer, &dma_buffer_p[i * 8 + b]);
+                    dma_buffer_p[i * 8 + b + 4] = dma_buffer_p[i * 8 + b]; // duplicated mono sample
+                }
+            }
+        } else { // STEREO, both 16-bit and 32-bit
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < available_data_transfers*transfer_size_in_bytes; i++) {
+                ringbuf_pop(&self->ring_buffer, &dma_buffer_p[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // underflow.  clear buffer to transmit "silence" on the I2S bus
+        available_data_bytes = self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes;
+        available_data_transfers = available_data_bytes/transfer_size_in_bytes;
+        memset(dma_buffer_p, 0, self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes);
+    }
+    return available_data_transfers;
+}
+
+STATIC void irq_configure(machine_i2s_obj_t *self) {
+    if (self->i2s_id == 0) {
+        irq_add_shared_handler(DMA_IRQ_0, dma_irq0_handler, PICO_SHARED_IRQ_HANDLER_DEFAULT_ORDER_PRIORITY);
+        irq_set_enabled(DMA_IRQ_0, true);
+    } else {
+        irq_add_shared_handler(DMA_IRQ_1, dma_irq1_handler, PICO_SHARED_IRQ_HANDLER_DEFAULT_ORDER_PRIORITY);
+        irq_set_enabled(DMA_IRQ_1, true);
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void irq_deinit(machine_i2s_obj_t *self) {
+    if (self->i2s_id == 0) {
+        irq_remove_handler(DMA_IRQ_0, dma_irq0_handler);
+    } else {
+        irq_remove_handler(DMA_IRQ_1, dma_irq1_handler);
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC int pio_configure(machine_i2s_obj_t *self) {
+    if (self->mode == TX) {
+        if (self->bits == 16) {
+            self->pio_program = &audio_i2s_tx_16b_program; //&pio_write_16;
+        } else {
+            self->pio_program = &audio_i2s_tx_32b_program; //&pio_write_32;
+        }
+    } else { // RX
+        self->pio_program = &audio_i2s_rx_32b_program; //&pio_read_32;
+    }
+
+    // find a PIO with a free state machine and adequate program space
+    PIO candidate_pio;
+    bool is_free_sm;
+    bool can_add_program;
+    for (uint8_t p = 0; p < NUM_PIOS; p++) {
+        candidate_pio = pio_instances[p];
+        is_free_sm = false;
+        can_add_program = false;
+
+        for (uint8_t sm = 0; sm < NUM_PIO_STATE_MACHINES; sm++) {
+            if (!pio_sm_is_claimed(candidate_pio, sm)) {
+                is_free_sm = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (pio_can_add_program(candidate_pio,  self->pio_program)) {
+            can_add_program = true;
+        }
+
+        if (is_free_sm && can_add_program) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!is_free_sm) {
+        //mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_OSError, MP_ERROR_TEXT("no free state machines"));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!can_add_program) {
+        //mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_OSError, MP_ERROR_TEXT("not enough PIO program space"));
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    self->pio = candidate_pio;
+    self->sm = pio_claim_unused_sm(self->pio, false);
+    self->prog_offset = pio_add_program(self->pio, self->pio_program);
+    pio_sm_init(self->pio, self->sm, self->prog_offset, NULL);
+
+    pio_sm_config config = pio_get_default_sm_config();
+
+    float pio_freq = self->rate *
+        SAMPLES_PER_FRAME *
+        dma_get_bits(self->mode, self->bits) *
+        PIO_INSTRUCTIONS_PER_BIT;
+    float clkdiv = (float)(clock_get_hz(clk_sys)) / pio_freq;
+    sm_config_set_clkdiv(&config, clkdiv);
+
+    if (self->mode == TX) {
+        sm_config_set_out_pins(&config, self->sd, 1);
+        sm_config_set_out_shift(&config, false, true, dma_get_bits(self->mode, self->bits));
+        sm_config_set_fifo_join(&config, PIO_FIFO_JOIN_TX);  // double TX FIFO size
+    } else { // RX
+        sm_config_set_in_pins(&config, self->sd);
+        sm_config_set_in_shift(&config, false, true, dma_get_bits(self->mode, self->bits));
+        sm_config_set_fifo_join(&config, PIO_FIFO_JOIN_RX);  // double RX FIFO size
+    }
+
+    sm_config_set_sideset(&config, 2, false, false);
+    sm_config_set_sideset_pins(&config, self->sck);
+    sm_config_set_wrap(&config, self->prog_offset, self->prog_offset + self->pio_program->length - 1);
+    pio_sm_set_config(self->pio, self->sm, &config);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+STATIC void pio_deinit(machine_i2s_obj_t *self) {
+    if (self->pio) {
+        pio_sm_set_enabled(self->pio, self->sm, false);
+        pio_sm_unclaim(self->pio, self->sm);
+        pio_remove_program(self->pio, self->pio_program, self->prog_offset);
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void gpio_init_i2s(PIO pio, uint8_t sm, mp_hal_pin_obj_t pin_num, uint8_t pin_val, gpio_dir_t pin_dir) {
+    uint32_t pinmask = 1 << pin_num;
+    pio_sm_set_pins_with_mask(pio, sm, pin_val << pin_num, pinmask);
+    pio_sm_set_pindirs_with_mask(pio, sm, pin_dir << pin_num, pinmask);
+    pio_gpio_init(pio, pin_num);
+}
+
+STATIC void gpio_configure(machine_i2s_obj_t *self) {
+    gpio_init_i2s(self->pio, self->sm, self->sck, 0, GP_OUTPUT);
+    gpio_init_i2s(self->pio, self->sm, self->ws, 0, GP_OUTPUT);
+    if (self->mode == TX) {
+        gpio_init_i2s(self->pio, self->sm, self->sd, 0, GP_OUTPUT);
+    } else { // RX
+        gpio_init_i2s(self->pio, self->sm, self->sd, 0, GP_INPUT);
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC uint8_t dma_get_bits(i2s_mode_t mode, int8_t bits) {
+    if (mode == TX) {
+        return bits;
+    } else { // RX
+        // always read 32 bit words for I2S e.g.  I2S MEMS microphones
+        return 32;
+    }
+}
+
+// determine which DMA channel is associated to this IRQ
+STATIC uint dma_map_irq_to_channel(uint irq_index) {
+    for (uint ch = 0; ch < NUM_DMA_CHANNELS; ch++) {
+        if ((dma_irqn_get_channel_status(irq_index, ch))) {
+            return ch;
+        }
+    }
+    // This should never happen
+    return -1;
+}
+
+// note:  first DMA channel is mapped to the top half of buffer, second is mapped to the bottom half
+STATIC uint8_t *dma_get_buffer(machine_i2s_obj_t *i2s_obj, uint channel) {
+    for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < I2S_NUM_DMA_CHANNELS; ch++) {
+        if (i2s_obj->dma_channel[ch] == channel) {
+            return i2s_obj->dma_buffer + (i2s_obj->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes * ch);
+        }
+    }
+    // This should never happen
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+STATIC int dma_configure(machine_i2s_obj_t *self) {
+    uint8_t num_free_dma_channels = 0;
+    for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < NUM_DMA_CHANNELS; ch++) {
+        if (!dma_channel_is_claimed(ch)) {
+            num_free_dma_channels++;
+        }
+    }
+    if (num_free_dma_channels < I2S_NUM_DMA_CHANNELS) {
+        //mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_OSError, MP_ERROR_TEXT("cannot claim 2 DMA channels"));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < I2S_NUM_DMA_CHANNELS; ch++) {
+        self->dma_channel[ch] = dma_claim_unused_channel(false);
+    }
+
+    // The DMA channels are chained together.  The first DMA channel is used to access
+    // the top half of the DMA buffer.  The second DMA channel accesses the bottom half of the DMA buffer.
+    // With chaining, when one DMA channel has completed a data transfer, the other
+    // DMA channel automatically starts a new data transfer.
+    enum dma_channel_transfer_size dma_size = (dma_get_bits(self->mode, self->bits) == 16) ? DMA_SIZE_16 : DMA_SIZE_32;
+    for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < I2S_NUM_DMA_CHANNELS; ch++) {
+        dma_channel_config dma_config = dma_channel_get_default_config(self->dma_channel[ch]);
+        channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(&dma_config, dma_size);
+        channel_config_set_chain_to(&dma_config, self->dma_channel[(ch + 1) % I2S_NUM_DMA_CHANNELS]);
+
+        uint8_t *dma_buffer = self->dma_buffer + (self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes * ch);
+        if (self->mode == TX) {
+            channel_config_set_dreq(&dma_config, pio_get_dreq(self->pio, self->sm, true));
+            channel_config_set_read_increment(&dma_config, true);
+            channel_config_set_write_increment(&dma_config, false);
+            dma_channel_configure(self->dma_channel[ch],
+                &dma_config,
+                (void *)&self->pio->txf[self->sm],                      // dest = PIO TX FIFO
+                dma_buffer,                                             // src = DMA buffer
+                self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes / (dma_get_bits(self->mode, self->bits) / 8),
+                false);
+        } else { // RX
+            channel_config_set_dreq(&dma_config, pio_get_dreq(self->pio, self->sm, false));
+            channel_config_set_read_increment(&dma_config, false);
+            channel_config_set_write_increment(&dma_config, true);
+            dma_channel_configure(self->dma_channel[ch],
+                &dma_config,
+                dma_buffer,                                             // dest = DMA buffer
+                (void *)&self->pio->rxf[self->sm],                      // src = PIO RX FIFO
+                self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes / (dma_get_bits(self->mode, self->bits) / 8),
+                false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < I2S_NUM_DMA_CHANNELS; ch++) {
+        dma_irqn_acknowledge_channel(self->i2s_id, self->dma_channel[ch]);  // clear pending.  e.g. from SPI
+        dma_irqn_set_channel_enabled(self->i2s_id, self->dma_channel[ch], true);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+STATIC void dma_deinit(machine_i2s_obj_t *self) {
+    for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < I2S_NUM_DMA_CHANNELS; ch++) {
+        int channel = self->dma_channel[ch];
+
+        // unchain the channel to prevent triggering a transfer in the chained-to channel
+        dma_channel_config dma_config = dma_get_channel_config(channel);
+        channel_config_set_chain_to(&dma_config, channel);
+        dma_channel_set_config(channel, &dma_config, false);
+
+        dma_irqn_set_channel_enabled(self->i2s_id, channel, false);
+        dma_channel_abort(channel);  // in case a transfer is in flight
+        dma_channel_unclaim(channel);
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void dma_irq_handler(uint8_t irq_index) {
+    int dma_channel = dma_map_irq_to_channel(irq_index);
+    if (dma_channel == -1) {
+        // This should never happen
+        return;
+    }
+
+    machine_i2s_obj_t *self = machine_i2s_obj[irq_index];
+    if (self == NULL) {
+        // This should never happen
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t *dma_buffer = dma_get_buffer(self, dma_channel);
+    if (dma_buffer == NULL) {
+        // This should never happen
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (self->mode == TX) {
+        // for non-blocking operation handle the write() method requests.
+        if ((self->io_mode == NON_BLOCKING) && (self->non_blocking_descriptor.copy_in_progress)) {
+            copy_appbuf_to_ringbuf_non_blocking(self);
+        }
+
+        uint32_t trans_count = feed_dma(self, dma_buffer);
+        //dma_channel_set_trans_count (dma_channel, trans_count, false);
+        dma_channel_set_read_addr(dma_channel, dma_buffer, false);
+        dma_irqn_acknowledge_channel(irq_index, dma_channel);
+    } else { // RX
+        empty_dma(self, dma_buffer);
+        dma_irqn_acknowledge_channel(irq_index, dma_channel);
+        dma_channel_set_write_addr(dma_channel, dma_buffer, false);
+
+        // for non-blocking operation handle the readinto() method requests.
+        if ((self->io_mode == NON_BLOCKING) && (self->non_blocking_descriptor.copy_in_progress)) {
+            fill_appbuf_from_ringbuf_non_blocking(self);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void dma_irq0_handler(void) {
+    dma_irq_handler(0);
+}
+
+STATIC void dma_irq1_handler(void) {
+    dma_irq_handler(1);
+}
+
+STATIC int machine_i2s_init_helper(machine_i2s_obj_t *self,
+              mp_hal_pin_obj_t sck, mp_hal_pin_obj_t ws, mp_hal_pin_obj_t sd,
+              i2s_mode_t i2s_mode, int8_t i2s_bits, format_t i2s_format,
+              int32_t ring_buffer_len, int32_t i2s_rate) {
+    //
+    // ---- Check validity of arguments ----
+    //
+
+    // does WS pin follow SCK pin?
+    // note:  SCK and WS are implemented as PIO sideset pins.  Sideset pins must be sequential.
+    if (ws != (sck + 1)) {
+        //mp_raise_ValueError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("invalid ws (must be sck+1)"));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // is Mode valid?
+    if ((i2s_mode != RX) &&
+        (i2s_mode != TX)) {
+        //mp_raise_ValueError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("invalid mode"));
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    // is Bits valid?
+    if ((i2s_bits != 16) &&
+        (i2s_bits != 32)) {
+        //mp_raise_ValueError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("invalid bits"));
+        return -3;
+    }
+
+    // is Format valid?
+    if ((i2s_format != MONO) &&
+        (i2s_format != STEREO)) {
+        //mp_raise_ValueError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("invalid format"));
+        return -4;
+    }
+
+    // is Rate valid?
+    // Not checked
+
+    // is Ibuf valid?
+    if (ring_buffer_len > 0) {
+        self->ring_buffer_storage = m_new(uint8_t, ring_buffer_len);
+        ;
+        ringbuf_init(&self->ring_buffer, self->ring_buffer_storage, ring_buffer_len);
+    } else {
+        //mp_raise_ValueError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("invalid ibuf"));
+        return -5;
+    }
+
+    self->sck = sck;
+    self->ws = ws;
+    self->sd = sd;
+    self->mode = i2s_mode;
+    self->bits = i2s_bits;
+    self->format = i2s_format;
+    self->rate = i2s_rate;
+    self->ibuf = ring_buffer_len;
+    self->non_blocking_descriptor.copy_in_progress = false;
+    self->io_mode = BLOCKING;
+
+    //memset(self->dma_buffer, 0, SIZEOF_DMA_BUFFER_IN_BYTES);
+
+    self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes = ((self->rate+999)/1000) * ((i2s_bits == 32) ? 8 : 4);
+
+    self->sizeof_non_blocking_copy_in_bytes = self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes * NON_BLOCKING_RATE_MULTIPLIER;
+
+    irq_configure(self);
+    int err = pio_configure(self);
+    if (err != 0) {
+        return err;
+    }
+    gpio_configure(self);
+    err = dma_configure(self);
+    if (err != 0) {
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    pio_sm_set_enabled(self->pio, self->sm, true);
+    dma_channel_start(self->dma_channel[0]);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// STATIC machine_i2s_obj_t *mp_machine_i2s_make_new_instance(mp_int_t i2s_id) {
+//     if (i2s_id >= MAX_I2S_RP2) {
+//         mp_raise_ValueError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("invalid id"));
+//     }
+
+//     machine_i2s_obj_t *self;
+//     if (MP_STATE_PORT(machine_i2s_obj[i2s_id]) == NULL) {
+//         self = mp_obj_malloc(machine_i2s_obj_t, &machine_i2s_type);
+//         MP_STATE_PORT(machine_i2s_obj[i2s_id]) = self;
+//         self->i2s_id = i2s_id;
+//     } else {
+//         self = MP_STATE_PORT(machine_i2s_obj[i2s_id]);
+//         machine_i2s_deinit(self);
+//     }
+
+//     return self;
+// }
+
+STATIC machine_i2s_obj_t* machine_i2s_make_new(uint8_t i2s_id,
+              mp_hal_pin_obj_t sck, mp_hal_pin_obj_t ws, mp_hal_pin_obj_t sd,
+              i2s_mode_t i2s_mode, int8_t i2s_bits, format_t i2s_format,
+              int32_t ring_buffer_len, int32_t i2s_rate) {
+    if (i2s_id >= MAX_I2S_RP2) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    machine_i2s_obj_t *self;
+    // Deinit a machine if it already created
+    if (machine_i2s_obj[i2s_id] != NULL) { 
+        self = machine_i2s_obj[i2s_id];
+        machine_i2s_deinit(self);
+    }
+
+    self = m_new_obj(machine_i2s_obj_t);
+    machine_i2s_obj[i2s_id] = self;
+    self->i2s_id = i2s_id;
+
+    if (machine_i2s_init_helper(self, sck, ws, sd, i2s_mode, i2s_bits,
+            i2s_format, ring_buffer_len, i2s_rate) != 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return self;
+}
+
+STATIC void machine_i2s_deinit(machine_i2s_obj_t *self){
+    // use self->pio as in indication that I2S object has already been de-initialized
+    if (self != NULL) {
+        pio_deinit(self);
+        dma_deinit(self);
+        irq_deinit(self);
+
+        self->pio = NULL;  // flag object as de-initialized
+        machine_i2s_obj[self->i2s_id] == NULL;
+
+        free(self->ring_buffer_storage);
+        free(self);
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC int machine_i2s_stream_read(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, void *buf_in, size_t size) {
+    if (self->mode != RX) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t appbuf_sample_size_in_bytes = (self->bits / 8) * (self->format == STEREO ? 2: 1);
+    if (size % appbuf_sample_size_in_bytes != 0) {
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    mp_buffer_info_t appbuf;
+    appbuf.buf = (void *)buf_in;
+    appbuf.len = size;
+    uint32_t num_bytes_read = fill_appbuf_from_ringbuf(self, &appbuf);
+    return num_bytes_read;
+}
+
+STATIC int machine_i2s_stream_write(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, void *buf_in, size_t size) {
+    if (self->mode != TX) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t appbuf_sample_size_in_bytes = (self->bits / 8) * (self->format == STEREO ? 2: 1);
+    if (size % appbuf_sample_size_in_bytes != 0) {
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    mp_buffer_info_t appbuf;
+    appbuf.buf = (void *)buf_in;
+    appbuf.len = size;
+    uint32_t num_bytes_write = copy_appbuf_to_ringbuf(self, &appbuf);
+    return num_bytes_write;
+}
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+machine_i2s_obj_t* create_machine_i2s(uint8_t i2s_id,
+              mp_hal_pin_obj_t sck, mp_hal_pin_obj_t ws, mp_hal_pin_obj_t sd,
+              i2s_mode_t i2s_mode, int8_t i2s_bits, format_t i2s_format,
+              int32_t ring_buffer_len, int32_t i2s_rate)
+{
+    return machine_i2s_make_new(i2s_id, sck, ws, sd, i2s_mode, i2s_bits, i2s_format, ring_buffer_len, i2s_rate);
+}
+
+
+int machine_i2s_read_stream(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, void *buf_in, size_t size)
+{
+    return machine_i2s_stream_read(self, buf_in, size);
+}
+
+int machine_i2s_write_stream(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, void *buf_in, size_t size){
+    return machine_i2s_stream_write(self, buf_in, size);
+}
+
+// void update_pio_frequency(machine_i2s_obj_t *self, uint32_t sample_freq) {
+//     uint8_t dma_bits = dma_get_bits(self->mode, self->bits);
+//     uint32_t system_clock_frequency = clock_get_hz(clk_sys);
+//     assert(system_clock_frequency < 0x40000000);
+//     uint32_t divider = system_clock_frequency * ((dma_bits == 32) ? 2 : 4) / sample_freq; // avoid arithmetic overflow
+//     assert(divider < 0x1000000);
+//     pio_sm_set_clkdiv_int_frac(self->pio, self->sm, divider >> 8u, divider & 0xffu);
+//     self->rate = sample_freq;
+
+//     self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes = ((self->rate+999)/1000) * ((self->bits == 32) ? 8 : 4);
+
+//     self->sizeof_non_blocking_copy_in_bytes = self->sizeof_half_dma_buffer_in_bytes * NON_BLOCKING_RATE_MULTIPLIER;
+// }
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/src/pdm_microphone.c

+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ * 
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "hardware/pio.h"
+#include "hardware/clocks.h"
+#include "hardware/gpio.h"
+#include "hardware/dma.h"
+#include "hardware/irq.h"
+
+#include "pdm_microphone.pio.h"
+
+#include "pico/pdm_microphone.h"
+
+STATIC pdm_mic_obj* pdm_mic_inst[MAX_PDM_RP2] = {NULL, NULL};
+
+STATIC const PIO pio_instances[NUM_PIOS] = {pio0, pio1};
+
+
+void pdm_dma_handler(uint8_t pdm_id);
+STATIC void pdm_dma_irq0_handler();
+STATIC void pdm_dma_irq1_handler();
+
+pdm_mic_obj* pdm_microphone_init(pdm_microphone_config* config) {
+    uint8_t pdm_id = config->pdm_id;
+    if(pdm_id >= MAX_PDM_RP2)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (config->sample_buffer_size % (config->sample_rate / 1000)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    pdm_mic_obj* pdm_mic;
+    if(pdm_mic_inst[pdm_id] == NULL){
+        pdm_mic = m_new_obj(pdm_mic_obj);
+
+        pdm_mic_inst[pdm_id] = pdm_mic;
+    } else {
+        pdm_mic = pdm_mic_inst[pdm_id];
+
+        pdm_microphone_deinit(pdm_mic);
+    }
+
+
+    memset(pdm_mic, 0x00, sizeof(pdm_mic));
+    pdm_mic->config = config;
+    pdm_mic->pdm_id = pdm_id;
+
+    // if(pdm_mic->pdm_id == 0)
+    // {
+    //     pdm_mic->config->dma_irq = DMA_IRQ_0;
+    // }
+    // else
+    // {
+    //     pdm_mic->config->dma_irq = DMA_IRQ_1;
+    // }
+    // pdm_mic->config->dma_irq = DMA_IRQ_0;
+
+
+    pdm_mic->raw_buffer_size = config->sample_buffer_size * (PDM_DECIMATION / 8);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < PDM_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT; i++) {
+        pdm_mic->raw_buffer[i] = malloc(pdm_mic->raw_buffer_size);
+        if (pdm_mic->raw_buffer[i] == NULL) {
+            pdm_microphone_deinit(pdm_mic);
+
+            return NULL;   
+        }
+    }
+
+    pdm_mic->dma_channel = dma_claim_unused_channel(true);
+    if (pdm_mic->dma_channel < 0) {
+        pdm_microphone_deinit(pdm_mic);
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    pdm_mic->pio_sm_offset = pio_add_program(pdm_mic->config->pio, &pdm_microphone_data_program);
+    pdm_mic->pio_sm = pio_claim_unused_sm(pdm_mic->config->pio, true);
+    
+
+    float clk_div = clock_get_hz(clk_sys) / (config->sample_rate * PDM_DECIMATION * 4.0);
+
+    pdm_microphone_data_init(
+        pdm_mic->config->pio,
+        pdm_mic->pio_sm,
+        pdm_mic->pio_sm_offset,
+        clk_div,
+        config->gpio_data,
+        config->gpio_clk
+    );
+
+    dma_channel_config dma_channel_cfg = dma_channel_get_default_config(pdm_mic->dma_channel);
+
+    channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(&dma_channel_cfg, DMA_SIZE_8);
+    channel_config_set_read_increment(&dma_channel_cfg, false);
+    channel_config_set_write_increment(&dma_channel_cfg, true);
+    channel_config_set_dreq(&dma_channel_cfg, pio_get_dreq(pdm_mic->config->pio, pdm_mic->pio_sm, false));
+
+    dma_channel_configure(
+        pdm_mic->dma_channel,
+        &dma_channel_cfg,
+        pdm_mic->raw_buffer[0],
+        (void *)&pdm_mic->config->pio->rxf[pdm_mic->pio_sm],
+        pdm_mic->raw_buffer_size,
+        false
+    );
+
+    pdm_mic->filter.Fs = config->sample_rate;
+    pdm_mic->filter.LP_HZ = config->sample_rate / 2;
+    pdm_mic->filter.HP_HZ = 10;
+    pdm_mic->filter.In_MicChannels = 1;
+    pdm_mic->filter.Out_MicChannels = 1;
+    pdm_mic->filter.Decimation = PDM_DECIMATION;
+    pdm_mic->filter.MaxVolume = 64;
+    pdm_mic->filter.Gain = 16;
+
+    pdm_mic->filter_volume = pdm_mic->filter.MaxVolume;
+
+    pdm_mic->raw_buffer_write_index = 0;
+    pdm_mic->raw_buffer_read_index = 0;
+
+    return pdm_mic;
+}
+
+void pdm_microphone_deinit(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < PDM_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (pdm_mic->raw_buffer[i]) {
+            free(pdm_mic->raw_buffer[i]);
+
+            pdm_mic->raw_buffer[i] = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (pdm_mic->dma_channel > -1) {
+        dma_channel_unclaim(pdm_mic->dma_channel);
+
+        pdm_mic->dma_channel = -1;
+    }
+
+    pdm_mic_inst[pdm_mic->pdm_id] == NULL;
+}
+
+static int irq0_handler_cntr = 0;
+static int irq1_handler_cntr = 0;
+
+int pdm_microphone_start(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic) {
+    irq_set_enabled(pdm_mic->config->dma_irq, true);
+    dma_irqn_acknowledge_channel(pdm_mic->config->dma_irq, pdm_mic->dma_channel);
+    dma_irqn_set_channel_enabled(pdm_mic->config->dma_irq, pdm_mic->dma_channel, true);
+    if(pdm_mic->config->dma_irq == DMA_IRQ_0)
+    {
+        dma_channel_set_irq0_enabled(pdm_mic->dma_channel, true);
+        if(irq0_handler_cntr == 0)
+        {
+            irq_set_exclusive_handler(pdm_mic->config->dma_irq, pdm_dma_irq0_handler);
+        }
+        irq0_handler_cntr++;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        dma_channel_set_irq1_enabled(pdm_mic->dma_channel, true);
+        if(irq1_handler_cntr == 0)
+        {
+            irq_set_exclusive_handler(pdm_mic->config->dma_irq, pdm_dma_irq1_handler);
+        }
+        irq1_handler_cntr++;
+    }
+    
+    Open_PDM_Filter_Init(&pdm_mic->filter);
+
+    pio_sm_set_enabled(
+        pdm_mic->config->pio,
+        pdm_mic->pio_sm,
+        true
+    );
+
+    pdm_mic->raw_buffer_write_index = 0;
+    pdm_mic->raw_buffer_read_index = 0;
+
+    //-------- Strange workaround ------------
+    dma_channel_transfer_to_buffer_now(
+        pdm_mic->dma_channel,
+        pdm_mic->raw_buffer[0],
+        pdm_mic->raw_buffer_size
+    );
+
+
+    //----------------------------------------
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void pdm_microphone_stop(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic) {
+    pio_sm_set_enabled(
+        pdm_mic->config->pio,
+        pdm_mic->pio_sm,
+        false
+    );
+
+    dma_channel_abort(pdm_mic->dma_channel);
+
+    if (pdm_mic->config->dma_irq == DMA_IRQ_0) {
+        dma_channel_set_irq0_enabled(pdm_mic->dma_channel, false);
+    } else if (pdm_mic->config->dma_irq == DMA_IRQ_1) {
+        dma_channel_set_irq1_enabled(pdm_mic->dma_channel, false);
+    }
+
+    irq_set_enabled(pdm_mic->config->dma_irq, false);
+}
+
+STATIC uint dma_map_irq_to_channel(uint irq_index) {
+    for (uint ch = 0; ch < NUM_DMA_CHANNELS; ch++) {
+        if ((dma_irqn_get_channel_status(irq_index, ch))) {
+            return ch;
+        }
+    }
+    // This should never happen
+    return -1;
+}
+
+STATIC void pdm_dma_handle_mic(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic)
+{
+    // get the next capture index to send the dma to start
+    pdm_mic->raw_buffer_read_index = pdm_mic->raw_buffer_write_index;
+    pdm_mic->raw_buffer_write_index = (pdm_mic->raw_buffer_write_index + 1) % PDM_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT;
+    
+    // give the channel a new buffer to write to and re-trigger it
+    dma_channel_transfer_to_buffer_now(
+        pdm_mic->dma_channel,
+        pdm_mic->raw_buffer[pdm_mic->raw_buffer_write_index],
+        pdm_mic->raw_buffer_size
+    );
+    // dma_channel_set_write_addr(
+    //     pdm_mic->dma_channel, 
+    //     pdm_mic->raw_buffer[pdm_mic->raw_buffer_write_index], 
+    //     false);
+
+    if (pdm_mic->samples_ready_handler) {
+        pdm_mic->samples_ready_handler(pdm_mic->pdm_id);
+    }
+}
+
+void pdm_dma_handler(uint8_t irq_index) {
+    for(uint pdm_idx =0; pdm_idx < MAX_PDM_RP2; pdm_idx++) {
+        if((pdm_mic_inst[pdm_idx] != NULL) && (pdm_mic_inst[pdm_idx]->config->dma_irq == irq_index)){
+            uint ch = pdm_mic_inst[pdm_idx]->dma_channel;
+
+            if ((dma_irqn_get_channel_status(irq_index, ch))) {
+                pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic = pdm_mic_inst[pdm_idx];
+
+                pdm_dma_handle_mic(pdm_mic);
+
+                // clear IRQ
+                dma_irqn_acknowledge_channel(irq_index, ch);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void pdm_dma_irq0_handler()
+{
+    pdm_dma_handler(DMA_IRQ_0);
+}
+
+STATIC void pdm_dma_irq1_handler()
+{
+    pdm_dma_handler(DMA_IRQ_1);
+}
+
+void pdm_microphone_set_samples_ready_handler(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic, pdm_samples_ready_handler_t handler) {
+    pdm_mic->samples_ready_handler = handler;
+}
+
+void pdm_microphone_set_filter_max_volume(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic, uint8_t max_volume) {
+    pdm_mic->filter.MaxVolume = max_volume;
+}
+
+void pdm_microphone_set_filter_gain(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic, uint8_t gain) {
+    pdm_mic->filter.Gain = gain;
+}
+
+void pdm_microphone_set_filter_volume(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic, uint16_t volume) {
+    pdm_mic->filter_volume = volume;
+}
+
+int pdm_microphone_read(pdm_mic_obj *pdm_mic, int16_t* buffer, size_t samples) {
+    int filter_stride = (pdm_mic->filter.Fs / 1000);
+    samples = (samples / filter_stride) * filter_stride;
+
+    if (samples > pdm_mic->config->sample_buffer_size) {
+        samples = pdm_mic->config->sample_buffer_size;
+    }
+
+    if (pdm_mic->raw_buffer_write_index == pdm_mic->raw_buffer_read_index) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t* in = pdm_mic->raw_buffer[pdm_mic->raw_buffer_read_index];
+    int16_t* out = buffer;
+
+    // get the current buffer index
+    pdm_mic->raw_buffer_read_index = (pdm_mic->raw_buffer_read_index + 1) % PDM_RAW_BUFFER_COUNT;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < samples; i += filter_stride) {
+#if PDM_DECIMATION == 64
+        Open_PDM_Filter_64(in, out, pdm_mic->filter_volume, &pdm_mic->filter);
+#elif PDM_DECIMATION == 128
+        Open_PDM_Filter_128(in, out, pdm_mic->filter_volume, &pdm_mic->filter);
+#else
+        #error "Unsupported PDM_DECIMATION value!"
+#endif
+
+        in += filter_stride * (PDM_DECIMATION / 8);
+        out += filter_stride;
+    }
+
+    
+
+    return samples;
+}

mic_example/src/pdm_microphone.pio

+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ * 
+ */
+
+.program pdm_microphone_data
+.side_set 1
+.wrap_target
+    nop side 0
+    in pins, 1 side 0
+    push iffull noblock side 1
+    nop side 1
+.wrap
+
+% c-sdk {
+
+static inline void pdm_microphone_data_init(PIO pio, uint sm, uint offset, float clk_div, uint data_pin, uint clk_pin) {
+    pio_sm_set_consecutive_pindirs(pio, sm, data_pin, 1, false);
+    pio_sm_set_consecutive_pindirs(pio, sm, clk_pin, 1, true);
+
+    pio_gpio_init(pio, clk_pin);
+    pio_gpio_init(pio, data_pin);
+
+    //gpio_pull_up(pin); //?????
+
+
+    pio_sm_config c = pdm_microphone_data_program_get_default_config(offset);
+    sm_config_set_in_pins(&c, data_pin); // Data in pi
+    sm_config_set_sideset_pins(&c, clk_pin); // Clock controlled by side set
+
+    // Shift to left, autopush disabled
+    sm_config_set_in_shift(&c, false, false, 8);
+    // Join RX channed to have deeper fifo. TX is not used
+    sm_config_set_fifo_join(&c, PIO_FIFO_JOIN_RX);
+
+    // Set clock divider
+    sm_config_set_clkdiv(&c, clk_div);
+    
+    pio_sm_init(pio, sm, offset, &c);
+
+    // Need to call from app to sync microphones
+    //pio_sm_set_enabled(pio, sm, true);
+}
+%}

mic_example/src/ring_buf.c

+#include "pico/ring_buf.h"
+
+// Ring Buffer
+// Thread safe when used with these constraints:
+// - Single Producer, Single Consumer
+// - Sequential atomic operations
+// One byte of capacity is used to detect buffer empty/full
+
+void ringbuf_init(ring_buf_t *rbuf, uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
+    rbuf->buffer = buffer;
+    rbuf->size = size;
+    rbuf->head = 0;
+    rbuf->tail = 0;
+}
+
+bool ringbuf_push(ring_buf_t *rbuf, uint8_t data) {
+    size_t next_tail = (rbuf->tail + 1) % rbuf->size;
+
+    if (next_tail != rbuf->head) {
+        rbuf->buffer[rbuf->tail] = data;
+        rbuf->tail = next_tail;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // full
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ringbuf_pop(ring_buf_t *rbuf, uint8_t *data) {
+    stdio_flush();
+    if (rbuf->head == rbuf->tail) {
+        // empty
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *data = rbuf->buffer[rbuf->head];
+    rbuf->head = (rbuf->head + 1) % rbuf->size;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ringbuf_is_empty(ring_buf_t *rbuf) {
+    return rbuf->head == rbuf->tail;
+}
+
+bool ringbuf_is_full(ring_buf_t *rbuf) {
+    return ((rbuf->tail + 1) % rbuf->size) == rbuf->head;
+}
+
+size_t ringbuf_available_data(ring_buf_t *rbuf) {
+    return (rbuf->tail - rbuf->head + rbuf->size) % rbuf->size;
+}
+
+size_t ringbuf_available_space(ring_buf_t *rbuf) {
+    return rbuf->size - ringbuf_available_data(rbuf) - 1;
+}
\ No newline at end of file

mic_example/src/volume_ctrl.c

+#include "pico/volume_ctrl.h"
+
+uint16_t vol_to_db_convert(bool channel_mute, uint16_t channel_volume){
+  if(channel_mute)
+    	return 0;
+
+    // todo interpolate
+  channel_volume += CENTER_VOLUME_INDEX * 256;
+  if (channel_volume < 0) channel_volume = 0;
+  if (channel_volume >= count_of(db_to_vol) * 256) channel_volume = count_of(db_to_vol) * 256 - 1;
+  uint16_t vol_mul = db_to_vol[((uint16_t)channel_volume) >> 8u];
+
+  return vol_mul;
+}
\ No newline at end of file

sd_card_example/.gitignore

+build
+!.vscode/*

sd_card_example/CMakeLists.txt

+# == DO NOT EDIT THE FOLLOWING LINES for the Raspberry Pi Pico VS Code Extension to work ==
+if(WIN32)
+    set(USERHOME $ENV{USERPROFILE})
+else()
+    set(USERHOME $ENV{HOME})
+endif()
+set(sdkVersion 2.2.0)
+set(toolchainVersion 14_2_Rel1)
+set(picotoolVersion 2.2.0)
+set(picoVscode ${USERHOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/pico-vscode.cmake)
+if (EXISTS ${picoVscode})
+    include(${picoVscode})
+endif()
+# ====================================================================================
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+
+set(PICO_BOARD pico_w CACHE STRING "Board type")
+set(PROGRAM_NAME imu_data_logger)
+
+include(pico_sdk_import.cmake)
+
+project(${PROGRAM_NAME} C CXX ASM)
+
+
+# Initialise the Pico SDK
+pico_sdk_init()
+
+add_subdirectory(sd_card_driver build)
+
+# Add executable. Default name is the project name, version 0.1
+add_executable(${PROGRAM_NAME} 
+    config/hw_config.c
+    main.cpp 
+)
+
+# https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/pico/raspberry-pi-pico-c-sdk.pdf
+target_compile_definitions(${PROGRAM_NAME} PRIVATE
+  PICO_STACK_SIZE=0x1000
+  PICO_CORE1_STACK_SIZE=0x800
+)
+
+target_compile_options(${PROGRAM_NAME} PUBLIC 
+  -Wall 
+  -Wextra 
+  -Wshadow 
+  -Wstack-usage=2048 
+  -fanalyzer 
+)
+
+add_compile_definitions(
+    PARAM_ASSERTIONS_ENABLE_ALL=1 
+    PICO_MALLOC_PANIC=1
+    PICO_USE_STACK_GUARDS=1
+)
+
+
+set_property(TARGET ${PROGRAM_NAME} APPEND_STRING PROPERTY LINK_FLAGS 
+  "-Wl,--print-memory-usage"
+)
+
+pico_set_program_name(${PROGRAM_NAME} "${PROGRAM_NAME}")
+pico_set_program_version(${PROGRAM_NAME} "3.3.1")
+
+pico_enable_stdio_usb(${PROGRAM_NAME} 1)
+
+target_include_directories(${PROGRAM_NAME} PUBLIC 
+        include/ 
+)
+target_link_libraries(${PROGRAM_NAME}
+    sd_custom_driver
+    hardware_clocks
+    hardware_adc
+)
+
+pico_add_extra_outputs(${PROGRAM_NAME})

sd_card_example/config/hw_config.c

+
+/* hw_config.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/*
+
+This file should be tailored to match the hardware design.
+
+
+There should be one element of the spi[] array for each RP2040 hardware SPI used.
+
+There should be one element of the spi_ifs[] array for each SPI interface object.
+* Each element of spi_ifs[] must point to an spi_t instance with member "spi".
+
+There should be one element of the sdio_ifs[] array for each SDIO interface object.
+
+There should be one element of the sd_cards[] array for each SD card slot.
+* Each element of sd_cards[] must point to its interface with spi_if_p or sdio_if_p.
+*/
+
+/* Hardware configuration for Pico SD Card Development Board
+See https://oshwlab.com/carlk3/rp2040-sd-card-dev
+
+See https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1BrzLWTyifongf_VQCc2IpJqXWtsrjmG7KnIbSBy-CPU/edit?usp=sharing,
+tab "Dev Brd", for pin assignments assumed in this configuration file.
+*/
+
+#include <assert.h>
+//
+#include "hw_config.h"
+
+// Hardware Configuration of SPI "objects"
+// Note: multiple SD cards can be driven by one SPI if they use different slave
+// selects (or "chip selects").
+static spi_t spis[] = {  // One for each RP2040 SPI component used
+    {   // spis[0]
+        .hw_inst = spi0,  // RP2040 SPI component
+        .sck_gpio = 5,    // GPIO number (not Pico pin number)
+        .mosi_gpio = 18,
+        .miso_gpio = 19,
+        .set_drive_strength = true,
+        .mosi_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_2MA,
+        .sck_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_12MA,
+        .no_miso_gpio_pull_up = true,
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 10 // 12500000 Hz
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 8  // 15625000 Hz
+        .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 6  // 20833333 Hz
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 4  // 31250000 Hz
+    },
+    {   // spis[1]
+        .hw_inst = spi1,  // RP2040 SPI component
+        .miso_gpio = 5,   // GPIO number (not Pico pin number)
+        .sck_gpio = 18,
+        .mosi_gpio = 19,
+        .set_drive_strength = true,
+        .mosi_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .sck_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_12MA,
+        .no_miso_gpio_pull_up = true,
+        //.baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 12
+        //.baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 10  // 12500000 Hz
+        //.baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 8  // 15625000 Hz
+        .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 6  // 20833333 Hz
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 4  // 31250000 Hz
+    }
+};
+
+/* SPI Interfaces */
+static sd_spi_if_t spi_ifs[] = {
+    {   // spi_ifs[0]
+        .spi = &spis[0],  // Pointer to the SPI driving this card
+        .ss_gpio = 22,     // The SPI slave select GPIO for this SD card
+        .set_drive_strength = true,
+        .ss_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_2MA
+    },
+    {   // spi_ifs[1]
+        .spi = &spis[1],   // Pointer to the SPI driving this card
+        .ss_gpio = 22,     // The SPI slave select GPIO for this SD card
+        .set_drive_strength = true,
+        .ss_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_2MA
+    },
+    {   // spi_ifs[2]
+        .spi = &spis[1],   // Pointer to the SPI driving this card
+        .ss_gpio = 22,     // The SPI slave select GPIO for this SD card
+        .set_drive_strength = true,
+        .ss_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_2MA
+    }
+};
+
+/* SDIO Interfaces */
+/*
+Pins CLK_gpio, D1_gpio, D2_gpio, and D3_gpio are at offsets from pin D0_gpio.
+The offsets are determined by sd_driver\SDIO\rp2040_sdio.pio.
+    CLK_gpio = (D0_gpio + SDIO_CLK_PIN_D0_OFFSET) % 32;
+    As of this writing, SDIO_CLK_PIN_D0_OFFSET is 30,
+        which is -2 in mod32 arithmetic, so:
+    CLK_gpio = D0_gpio -2.
+    D1_gpio = D0_gpio + 1;
+    D2_gpio = D0_gpio + 2;
+    D3_gpio = D0_gpio + 3;
+*/
+static sd_sdio_if_t sdio_ifs[] = {
+    {   // sdio_ifs[0]
+        .CMD_gpio = 18,
+        .D0_gpio = 19,
+        .CLK_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_12MA,
+        .CMD_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .D0_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .D1_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .D2_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .D3_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .SDIO_PIO = pio1,
+        .DMA_IRQ_num = DMA_IRQ_1,
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 8  // 15625000 Hz
+        .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 7  // 17857143 Hz
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 6  // 20833333 Hz
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 5  // 25000000 Hz
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 4  // 31250000 Hz
+    },
+    {   // sdio_ifs[1]
+        .CMD_gpio = 18,
+        .D0_gpio = 19,
+        .CLK_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_12MA,
+        .CMD_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .D0_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .D1_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .D2_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .D3_gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA,
+        .DMA_IRQ_num = DMA_IRQ_1,
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 8  // 15625000 Hz
+        .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 7  // 17857143 Hz
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 6  // 20833333 Hz
+        // .baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 5  // 25000000 Hz
+        //.baud_rate = 125 * 1000 * 1000 / 4  // 31250000 Hz
+    }
+};
+
+/* Hardware Configuration of the SD Card "objects"
+    These correspond to SD card sockets
+*/
+static sd_card_t sd_cards[] = {  // One for each SD card
+#ifdef SPI_SD0
+    {   // sd_cards[0]: Socket sd0
+        .type = SD_IF_SPI,
+        .spi_if_p = &spi_ifs[0],  // Pointer to the SPI interface driving this card
+        // SD Card detect:
+        .use_card_detect = true,
+        .card_detect_gpio = 23,  
+        .card_detected_true = 0, // What the GPIO read returns when a card is
+                                 // present.
+        .card_detect_use_pull = true,
+        .card_detect_pull_hi = true                                 
+    },
+#else
+    {   // sd_cards[0]: Socket sd0
+        .type = SD_IF_SDIO,
+        .sdio_if_p = &sdio_ifs[0],  // Pointer to the SPI interface driving this card
+        // SD Card detect:
+        .use_card_detect = false,
+        .card_detect_gpio = 9,  
+        .card_detected_true = 0, // What the GPIO read returns when a card is
+                                 // present.
+        .card_detect_use_pull = true,
+        .card_detect_pull_hi = true                                 
+    },
+#endif
+    {   // sd_cards[1]: Socket sd1
+        .type = SD_IF_SPI,
+        .spi_if_p = &spi_ifs[1],  // Pointer to the SPI interface driving this card
+        // SD Card detect:
+        .use_card_detect = false,
+        .card_detect_gpio = 14,  
+        .card_detected_true = 0, // What the GPIO read returns when a card is
+                                 // present.
+        .card_detect_use_pull = true,
+        .card_detect_pull_hi = true                                 
+    },
+    {   // sd_cards[2]: Socket sd2
+        .type = SD_IF_SPI,
+        .spi_if_p = &spi_ifs[2],  // Pointer to the SPI interface driving this card
+        // SD Card detect:
+        .use_card_detect = false,
+        .card_detect_gpio = 15,  
+        .card_detected_true = 0, // What the GPIO read returns when a card is
+                                 // present.
+        .card_detect_use_pull = true,
+        .card_detect_pull_hi = true                                 
+    },
+    {   // sd_cards[3]: Socket sd3
+        .type = SD_IF_SDIO,
+        .sdio_if_p = &sdio_ifs[1], // Pointer to the interface driving this card
+        // SD Card detect:
+        .use_card_detect = false,
+        .card_detect_gpio = 22,  
+        .card_detected_true = 0, // What the GPIO read returns when a card is
+                                 // present.
+        .card_detect_use_pull = true,
+        .card_detect_pull_hi = true
+    }
+};
+
+/* ********************************************************************** */
+
+size_t sd_get_num() { return count_of(sd_cards); }
+
+sd_card_t *sd_get_by_num(size_t num) {
+    assert(num < sd_get_num());
+    if (num < sd_get_num()) {
+        return &sd_cards[num];
+    } else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/main.cpp

+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#include "ff.h"
+#include "sd_card.h"
+#include "f_util.h"
+#include "hw_config.h"
+
+#define PATH_MAX_LEN 256
+
+// --------- Globals (FatFs requires the FS to outlive the mount) ----------
+static FATFS fs;                 // must be static/global (lives as long as the mount)
+static sd_card_t *g_sd = NULL;   // active SD card
+static const char *g_drive = NULL; // typically "0:"
+
+// ------------------------- Utility / Error -------------------------------
+static void die(FRESULT fr, const char *op) {
+    printf("%s failed: %s (%d)\n", op, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    while (1) tight_loop_contents();
+}
+
+static void loop_forever_msg(const char *msg) {
+    printf("%s\n", msg);
+    while (1) tight_loop_contents();
+}
+
+static void join_path(char *out, size_t out_sz, const char *drive, const char *rel) {
+    // drive = "0:" or "0:/", ensure exactly one slash when joining
+    if (rel && rel[0] == '/') rel++; // avoid double slashes
+    if (drive && drive[strlen(drive) - 1] == '/')
+        snprintf(out, out_sz, "%s%s", drive, rel ? rel : "");
+    else
+        snprintf(out, out_sz, "%s/%s", drive, rel ? rel : "");
+}
+
+// ------------------------- 1) Initialization -----------------------------
+static bool sd_init_and_mount(void) {
+    if (!sd_init_driver()) {
+        printf("sd_init_driver() failed\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    g_sd = sd_get_by_num(0);
+    if (!g_sd) {
+        printf("No SD config found (sd_get_by_num(0) == NULL)\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    g_drive = sd_get_drive_prefix(g_sd);  // usually "0:"
+    if (!g_drive) {
+        printf("sd_get_drive_prefix() returned NULL\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    FRESULT fr = f_mount(&fs, g_drive, 1);
+    printf("f_mount -> %s (%d)\n", FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+
+    if (fr == FR_NO_FILESYSTEM) {
+        BYTE work[4096]; // >= FF_MAX_SS
+        MKFS_PARM opt = { FM_FAT | FM_SFD, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+        fr = f_mkfs(g_drive, &opt, work, sizeof work);
+        printf("f_mkfs -> %s (%d)\n", FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+        if (fr == FR_OK) {
+            fr = f_mount(&fs, g_drive, 1);
+            printf("f_mount(after mkfs) -> %s (%d)\n", FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (fr != FR_OK) {
+        printf("Mount failed: %s (%d)\n", FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// ------------------------- 2) File creation ------------------------------
+static FRESULT create_file(const char *abs_path, FIL *out_file) {
+    // Creates/truncates a file and opens it for writing
+    return f_open(out_file, abs_path, FA_WRITE | FA_CREATE_ALWAYS);
+}
+
+// ------------------------- 3) File writing -------------------------------
+static FRESULT write_to_file(FIL *file, const void *data, UINT len, UINT *bytes_written) {
+    *bytes_written = 0;
+    FRESULT fr = f_write(file, data, len, bytes_written);
+    if (fr == FR_OK) {
+        fr = f_sync(file); // ensure data hits the card
+    }
+    return fr;
+}
+
+// ------------------------- 4) File checking/listing ----------------------
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t files;
+    uint32_t dirs;
+    uint64_t total_bytes;
+} list_stats_t;
+
+static bool is_dot_or_dotdot(const char *name) {
+    return (name[0] == '.' && (name[1] == '\0' || (name[1] == '.' && name[2] == '\0')));
+}
+
+static FRESULT list_dir_recursive(const char *path, list_stats_t *stats) {
+    DIR dir;
+    FILINFO fno;
+    FRESULT fr = f_opendir(&dir, path);
+    if (fr != FR_OK) {
+        printf("f_opendir('%s') -> %s (%d)\n", path, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+        return fr;
+    }
+
+    for (;;) {
+        fr = f_readdir(&dir, &fno);
+        if (fr != FR_OK) {
+            printf("f_readdir('%s') -> %s (%d)\n", path, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+            break;
+        }
+        if (fno.fname[0] == '\0') break; // end of directory
+
+        if (is_dot_or_dotdot(fno.fname)) continue;
+
+        if (fno.fattrib & AM_DIR) {
+            stats->dirs++;
+            char subpath[PATH_MAX_LEN];
+            snprintf(subpath, sizeof subpath, "%s/%s", path, fno.fname);
+            printf("[DIR]  %s\n", subpath);
+            fr = list_dir_recursive(subpath, stats);
+            if (fr != FR_OK) break;
+        } else {
+            stats->files++;
+            stats->total_bytes += (uint64_t)fno.fsize;
+            printf("[FILE] %s/%s  (%lu bytes)\n", path, fno.fname, (unsigned long)fno.fsize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    FRESULT frc = f_closedir(&dir);
+    if (fr == FR_OK && frc != FR_OK) fr = frc;
+    return fr;
+}
+
+// Public checker: lists all files and sizes, and tells if any exist
+static FRESULT check_and_list_files(const char *root_drive) {
+    // Build root path "0:/"
+    char root[PATH_MAX_LEN];
+    join_path(root, sizeof root, root_drive, ""); // ensures a trailing slash when we add children
+
+    list_stats_t stats = {0};
+    printf("\n--- SD Card File Listing for '%s' ---\n", root_drive);
+    FRESULT fr = list_dir_recursive(root_drive, &stats);
+    if (fr != FR_OK && fr != FR_NO_PATH) {
+        printf("Directory listing aborted due to error.\n");
+        return fr;
+    }
+
+    if (stats.files == 0 && stats.dirs == 0) {
+        printf("No files or directories found on the SD card.\n");
+    } else if (stats.files == 0) {
+        printf("No files found (but %u director%s present).\n", stats.dirs, (stats.dirs == 1 ? "y" : "ies"));
+    } else {
+        printf("\nSummary: %u file%s in %u director%s, total %llu bytes.\n",
+               stats.files, (stats.files == 1 ? "" : "s"),
+               stats.dirs, (stats.dirs == 1 ? "y" : "ies"),
+               (unsigned long long)stats.total_bytes);
+    }
+    return FR_OK;
+}
+
+// ------------------------------ Main -------------------------------------
+int main(void) {
+    stdio_init_all();
+    sleep_ms(1500);
+
+    // 1) Init + mount
+    if (!sd_init_and_mount()) {
+        loop_forever_msg("SD init/mount failed.");
+    }
+
+    // Build absolute file path: <drive>/test.txt
+    char path[PATH_MAX_LEN];
+    join_path(path, sizeof path, g_drive, "test1.txt");
+
+    // 2) Create the file
+    FIL f;
+    FRESULT fr = create_file(path, &f);
+    if (fr != FR_OK) die(fr, "f_open(create)");
+
+    // 3) Write data
+    const char *msg = "data writing test!\n";
+    UINT bw = 0;
+    fr = write_to_file(&f, msg, (UINT)strlen(msg), &bw);
+    if (fr != FR_OK || bw != strlen(msg)) die(fr, "f_write/f_sync");
+    printf("Wrote %u bytes to %s\n", bw, path);
+
+    // Close the file
+    f_close(&f);
+
+    // 4) Check and list files (recursively) on the card
+    fr = check_and_list_files(g_drive);
+    if (fr != FR_OK) die(fr, "check_and_list_files");
+
+    // Optional: unmount
+    fr = f_unmount(g_drive);
+    printf("f_unmount -> %s (%d)\n", FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+
+    while (1) { sleep_ms(1000); }
+}

sd_card_example/pico_sdk_import.cmake

+# This is a copy of <PICO_SDK_PATH>/external/pico_sdk_import.cmake
+
+# This can be dropped into an external project to help locate this SDK
+# It should be include()ed prior to project()
+
+# Copyright 2020 (c) 2020 Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
+# following conditions are met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+# derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
+# INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+# WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH))
+    set(PICO_SDK_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_PATH}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT AND NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG)
+  set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG "master")
+  message("Using master as default value for PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG")
+endif()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}" CACHE BOOL "Set to ON to fetch copy of SDK from git if not otherwise locatable")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" CACHE FILEPATH "location to download SDK")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}" CACHE FILEPATH "release tag for SDK")
+
+if (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH)
+    if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT)
+        include(FetchContent)
+        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR})
+        if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH)
+            get_filename_component(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        endif ()
+        FetchContent_Declare(
+                pico_sdk
+                GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+        )
+
+        if (NOT pico_sdk)
+            message("Downloading Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+            # GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE was added in 3.17
+            if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.17.0")
+                FetchContent_Populate(
+                        pico_sdk
+                        QUIET
+                        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                        GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+                        GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE FALSE
+
+                        SOURCE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-src
+                        BINARY_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-build
+                        SUBBUILD_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-subbuild
+                )
+            else ()
+                FetchContent_Populate(
+                        pico_sdk
+                        QUIET
+                        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                        GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+
+                        SOURCE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-src
+                        BINARY_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-build
+                        SUBBUILD_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-subbuild
+                )
+            endif ()
+
+            set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${pico_sdk_SOURCE_DIR})
+        endif ()
+        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE})
+    else ()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+                "SDK location was not specified. Please set PICO_SDK_PATH or set PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT to on to fetch from git."
+                )
+    endif ()
+endif ()
+
+get_filename_component(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
+if (NOT EXISTS ${PICO_SDK_PATH})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Directory '${PICO_SDK_PATH}' not found")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE ${PICO_SDK_PATH}/pico_sdk_init.cmake)
+if (NOT EXISTS ${PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Directory '${PICO_SDK_PATH}' does not appear to contain the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${PICO_SDK_PATH} CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK" FORCE)
+
+include(${PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE})

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/CMakeLists.txt

+add_library(sd_custom_driver INTERFACE)
+
+pico_generate_pio_header(sd_custom_driver ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/sd_driver/SDIO/rp2040_sdio.pio)
+
+target_compile_definitions(sd_custom_driver INTERFACE
+    PICO_MAX_SHARED_IRQ_HANDLERS=8u
+)
+# target_compile_options(sd_custom_driver INTERFACE -ffile-prefix-map=${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}=)
+
+target_sources(sd_custom_driver INTERFACE
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/ff15/source/ff.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/ff15/source/ffsystem.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/ff15/source/ffunicode.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/sd_driver/dma_interrupts.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/sd_driver/sd_card.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/sd_driver/SDIO/rp2040_sdio.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/sd_driver/SDIO/sd_card_sdio.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/sd_driver/SPI/my_spi.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/sd_driver/SPI/sd_card_spi.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/sd_driver/SPI/sd_spi.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/crash.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/crc.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/f_util.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/ff_stdio.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/file_stream.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/glue.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/my_debug.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/my_rtc.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/sd_timeouts.c
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src/util.c
+)
+target_include_directories(sd_custom_driver INTERFACE
+    ff15/source
+    sd_driver
+    include
+)
+target_link_libraries(sd_custom_driver INTERFACE
+    hardware_dma
+    hardware_pio
+    hardware_spi
+    pico_aon_timer
+    pico_stdlib
+    cmsis_core
+)

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/ff15/source/!ffconf.h

+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/  Configurations of FatFs Module
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FFCONF_DEF	80286	/* Revision ID */
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ Function Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_FS_READONLY	0
+/* This option switches read-only configuration. (0:Read/Write or 1:Read-only)
+/  Read-only configuration removes writing API functions, f_write(), f_sync(),
+/  f_unlink(), f_mkdir(), f_chmod(), f_rename(), f_truncate(), f_getfree()
+/  and optional writing functions as well. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_MINIMIZE	0
+/* This option defines minimization level to remove some basic API functions.
+/
+/   0: Basic functions are fully enabled.
+/   1: f_stat(), f_getfree(), f_unlink(), f_mkdir(), f_truncate() and f_rename()
+/      are removed.
+/   2: f_opendir(), f_readdir() and f_closedir() are removed in addition to 1.
+/   3: f_lseek() function is removed in addition to 2. */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_FIND		0
+/* This option switches filtered directory read functions, f_findfirst() and
+/  f_findnext(). (0:Disable, 1:Enable 2:Enable with matching altname[] too) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_MKFS		0
+/* This option switches f_mkfs() function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_FASTSEEK	0
+/* This option switches fast seek function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_EXPAND	0
+/* This option switches f_expand function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_CHMOD	0
+/* This option switches attribute manipulation functions, f_chmod() and f_utime().
+/  (0:Disable or 1:Enable) Also FF_FS_READONLY needs to be 0 to enable this option. */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_LABEL	0
+/* This option switches volume label functions, f_getlabel() and f_setlabel().
+/  (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_FORWARD	0
+/* This option switches f_forward() function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_STRFUNC	0
+#define FF_PRINT_LLI	1
+#define FF_PRINT_FLOAT	1
+#define FF_STRF_ENCODE	3
+/* FF_USE_STRFUNC switches string functions, f_gets(), f_putc(), f_puts() and
+/  f_printf().
+/
+/   0: Disable. FF_PRINT_LLI, FF_PRINT_FLOAT and FF_STRF_ENCODE have no effect.
+/   1: Enable without LF-CRLF conversion.
+/   2: Enable with LF-CRLF conversion.
+/
+/  FF_PRINT_LLI = 1 makes f_printf() support long long argument and FF_PRINT_FLOAT = 1/2
+/  makes f_printf() support floating point argument. These features want C99 or later.
+/  When FF_LFN_UNICODE >= 1 with LFN enabled, string functions convert the character
+/  encoding in it. FF_STRF_ENCODE selects assumption of character encoding ON THE FILE
+/  to be read/written via those functions.
+/
+/   0: ANSI/OEM in current CP
+/   1: Unicode in UTF-16LE
+/   2: Unicode in UTF-16BE
+/   3: Unicode in UTF-8
+*/
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ Locale and Namespace Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_CODE_PAGE	932
+/* This option specifies the OEM code page to be used on the target system.
+/  Incorrect code page setting can cause a file open failure.
+/
+/   437 - U.S.
+/   720 - Arabic
+/   737 - Greek
+/   771 - KBL
+/   775 - Baltic
+/   850 - Latin 1
+/   852 - Latin 2
+/   855 - Cyrillic
+/   857 - Turkish
+/   860 - Portuguese
+/   861 - Icelandic
+/   862 - Hebrew
+/   863 - Canadian French
+/   864 - Arabic
+/   865 - Nordic
+/   866 - Russian
+/   869 - Greek 2
+/   932 - Japanese (DBCS)
+/   936 - Simplified Chinese (DBCS)
+/   949 - Korean (DBCS)
+/   950 - Traditional Chinese (DBCS)
+/     0 - Include all code pages above and configured by f_setcp()
+*/
+
+
+#define FF_USE_LFN		0
+#define FF_MAX_LFN		255
+/* The FF_USE_LFN switches the support for LFN (long file name).
+/
+/   0: Disable LFN. FF_MAX_LFN has no effect.
+/   1: Enable LFN with static  working buffer on the BSS. Always NOT thread-safe.
+/   2: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the STACK.
+/   3: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the HEAP.
+/
+/  To enable the LFN, ffunicode.c needs to be added to the project. The LFN function
+/  requiers certain internal working buffer occupies (FF_MAX_LFN + 1) * 2 bytes and
+/  additional (FF_MAX_LFN + 44) / 15 * 32 bytes when exFAT is enabled.
+/  The FF_MAX_LFN defines size of the working buffer in UTF-16 code unit and it can
+/  be in range of 12 to 255. It is recommended to be set it 255 to fully support LFN
+/  specification.
+/  When use stack for the working buffer, take care on stack overflow. When use heap
+/  memory for the working buffer, memory management functions, ff_memalloc() and
+/  ff_memfree() exemplified in ffsystem.c, need to be added to the project. */
+
+
+#define FF_LFN_UNICODE	0
+/* This option switches the character encoding on the API when LFN is enabled.
+/
+/   0: ANSI/OEM in current CP (TCHAR = char)
+/   1: Unicode in UTF-16 (TCHAR = WCHAR)
+/   2: Unicode in UTF-8 (TCHAR = char)
+/   3: Unicode in UTF-32 (TCHAR = DWORD)
+/
+/  Also behavior of string I/O functions will be affected by this option.
+/  When LFN is not enabled, this option has no effect. */
+
+
+#define FF_LFN_BUF		255
+#define FF_SFN_BUF		12
+/* This set of options defines size of file name members in the FILINFO structure
+/  which is used to read out directory items. These values should be suffcient for
+/  the file names to read. The maximum possible length of the read file name depends
+/  on character encoding. When LFN is not enabled, these options have no effect. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_RPATH		0
+/* This option configures support for relative path.
+/
+/   0: Disable relative path and remove related functions.
+/   1: Enable relative path. f_chdir() and f_chdrive() are available.
+/   2: f_getcwd() function is available in addition to 1.
+*/
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ Drive/Volume Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_VOLUMES		1
+/* Number of volumes (logical drives) to be used. (1-10) */
+
+
+#define FF_STR_VOLUME_ID	0
+#define FF_VOLUME_STRS		"RAM","NAND","CF","SD","SD2","USB","USB2","USB3"
+/* FF_STR_VOLUME_ID switches support for volume ID in arbitrary strings.
+/  When FF_STR_VOLUME_ID is set to 1 or 2, arbitrary strings can be used as drive
+/  number in the path name. FF_VOLUME_STRS defines the volume ID strings for each
+/  logical drives. Number of items must not be less than FF_VOLUMES. Valid
+/  characters for the volume ID strings are A-Z, a-z and 0-9, however, they are
+/  compared in case-insensitive. If FF_STR_VOLUME_ID >= 1 and FF_VOLUME_STRS is
+/  not defined, a user defined volume string table is needed as:
+/
+/  const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES] = {"ram","flash","sd","usb",...
+*/
+
+
+#define FF_MULTI_PARTITION	0
+/* This option switches support for multiple volumes on the physical drive.
+/  By default (0), each logical drive number is bound to the same physical drive
+/  number and only an FAT volume found on the physical drive will be mounted.
+/  When this function is enabled (1), each logical drive number can be bound to
+/  arbitrary physical drive and partition listed in the VolToPart[]. Also f_fdisk()
+/  function will be available. */
+
+
+#define FF_MIN_SS		512
+#define FF_MAX_SS		512
+/* This set of options configures the range of sector size to be supported. (512,
+/  1024, 2048 or 4096) Always set both 512 for most systems, generic memory card and
+/  harddisk, but a larger value may be required for on-board flash memory and some
+/  type of optical media. When FF_MAX_SS is larger than FF_MIN_SS, FatFs is configured
+/  for variable sector size mode and disk_ioctl() function needs to implement
+/  GET_SECTOR_SIZE command. */
+
+
+#define FF_LBA64		0
+/* This option switches support for 64-bit LBA. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
+/  To enable the 64-bit LBA, also exFAT needs to be enabled. (FF_FS_EXFAT == 1) */
+
+
+#define FF_MIN_GPT		0x10000000
+/* Minimum number of sectors to switch GPT as partitioning format in f_mkfs and
+/  f_fdisk function. 0x100000000 max. This option has no effect when FF_LBA64 == 0. */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_TRIM		0
+/* This option switches support for ATA-TRIM. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
+/  To enable Trim function, also CTRL_TRIM command should be implemented to the
+/  disk_ioctl() function. */
+
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ System Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_FS_TINY		0
+/* This option switches tiny buffer configuration. (0:Normal or 1:Tiny)
+/  At the tiny configuration, size of file object (FIL) is shrinked FF_MAX_SS bytes.
+/  Instead of private sector buffer eliminated from the file object, common sector
+/  buffer in the filesystem object (FATFS) is used for the file data transfer. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_EXFAT		0
+/* This option switches support for exFAT filesystem. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
+/  To enable exFAT, also LFN needs to be enabled. (FF_USE_LFN >= 1)
+/  Note that enabling exFAT discards ANSI C (C89) compatibility. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_NORTC		0
+#define FF_NORTC_MON	1
+#define FF_NORTC_MDAY	1
+#define FF_NORTC_YEAR	2022
+/* The option FF_FS_NORTC switches timestamp feature. If the system does not have
+/  an RTC or valid timestamp is not needed, set FF_FS_NORTC = 1 to disable the
+/  timestamp feature. Every object modified by FatFs will have a fixed timestamp
+/  defined by FF_NORTC_MON, FF_NORTC_MDAY and FF_NORTC_YEAR in local time.
+/  To enable timestamp function (FF_FS_NORTC = 0), get_fattime() function need to be
+/  added to the project to read current time form real-time clock. FF_NORTC_MON,
+/  FF_NORTC_MDAY and FF_NORTC_YEAR have no effect.
+/  These options have no effect in read-only configuration (FF_FS_READONLY = 1). */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_NOFSINFO	0
+/* If you need to know correct free space on the FAT32 volume, set bit 0 of this
+/  option, and f_getfree() function at the first time after volume mount will force
+/  a full FAT scan. Bit 1 controls the use of last allocated cluster number.
+/
+/  bit0=0: Use free cluster count in the FSINFO if available.
+/  bit0=1: Do not trust free cluster count in the FSINFO.
+/  bit1=0: Use last allocated cluster number in the FSINFO if available.
+/  bit1=1: Do not trust last allocated cluster number in the FSINFO.
+*/
+
+
+#define FF_FS_LOCK		0
+/* The option FF_FS_LOCK switches file lock function to control duplicated file open
+/  and illegal operation to open objects. This option must be 0 when FF_FS_READONLY
+/  is 1.
+/
+/  0:  Disable file lock function. To avoid volume corruption, application program
+/      should avoid illegal open, remove and rename to the open objects.
+/  >0: Enable file lock function. The value defines how many files/sub-directories
+/      can be opened simultaneously under file lock control. Note that the file
+/      lock control is independent of re-entrancy. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_REENTRANT	0
+#define FF_FS_TIMEOUT	1000
+/* The option FF_FS_REENTRANT switches the re-entrancy (thread safe) of the FatFs
+/  module itself. Note that regardless of this option, file access to different
+/  volume is always re-entrant and volume control functions, f_mount(), f_mkfs()
+/  and f_fdisk() function, are always not re-entrant. Only file/directory access
+/  to the same volume is under control of this featuer.
+/
+/   0: Disable re-entrancy. FF_FS_TIMEOUT have no effect.
+/   1: Enable re-entrancy. Also user provided synchronization handlers,
+/      ff_mutex_create(), ff_mutex_delete(), ff_mutex_take() and ff_mutex_give()
+/      function, must be added to the project. Samples are available in ffsystem.c.
+/
+/  The FF_FS_TIMEOUT defines timeout period in unit of O/S time tick.
+*/
+
+
+
+/*--- End of configuration options ---*/

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/ff15/source/00history.txt

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Revision history of FatFs module
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+R0.00 (February 26, 2006)
+
+  Prototype.
+
+
+
+R0.01 (April 29, 2006)
+
+  The first release.
+
+
+
+R0.02 (June 01, 2006)
+
+  Added FAT12 support.
+  Removed unbuffered mode.
+  Fixed a problem on small (<32M) partition.
+
+
+
+R0.02a (June 10, 2006)
+
+  Added a configuration option (_FS_MINIMUM).
+
+
+
+R0.03 (September 22, 2006)
+
+  Added f_rename().
+  Changed option _FS_MINIMUM to _FS_MINIMIZE.
+
+
+
+R0.03a (December 11, 2006)
+
+  Improved cluster scan algorithm to write files fast.
+  Fixed f_mkdir() creates incorrect directory on FAT32.
+
+
+
+R0.04 (February 04, 2007)
+
+  Added f_mkfs().
+  Supported multiple drive system.
+  Changed some interfaces for multiple drive system.
+  Changed f_mountdrv() to f_mount().
+
+
+
+R0.04a (April 01, 2007)
+
+  Supported multiple partitions on a physical drive.
+  Added a capability of extending file size to f_lseek().
+  Added minimization level 3.
+  Fixed an endian sensitive code in f_mkfs().
+
+
+
+R0.04b (May 05, 2007)
+
+  Added a configuration option _USE_NTFLAG.
+  Added FSINFO support.
+  Fixed DBCS name can result FR_INVALID_NAME.
+  Fixed short seek (<= csize) collapses the file object.
+
+
+
+R0.05 (August 25, 2007)
+
+  Changed arguments of f_read(), f_write() and f_mkfs().
+  Fixed f_mkfs() on FAT32 creates incorrect FSINFO.
+  Fixed f_mkdir() on FAT32 creates incorrect directory.
+
+
+
+R0.05a (February 03, 2008)
+
+  Added f_truncate() and f_utime().
+  Fixed off by one error at FAT sub-type determination.
+  Fixed btr in f_read() can be mistruncated.
+  Fixed cached sector is not flushed when create and close without write.
+
+
+
+R0.06 (April 01, 2008)
+
+  Added fputc(), fputs(), fprintf() and fgets().
+  Improved performance of f_lseek() on moving to the same or following cluster.
+
+
+
+R0.07 (April 01, 2009)
+
+  Merged Tiny-FatFs as a configuration option. (_FS_TINY)
+  Added long file name feature. (_USE_LFN)
+  Added multiple code page feature. (_CODE_PAGE)
+  Added re-entrancy for multitask operation. (_FS_REENTRANT)
+  Added auto cluster size selection to f_mkfs().
+  Added rewind option to f_readdir().
+  Changed result code of critical errors.
+  Renamed string functions to avoid name collision.
+
+
+
+R0.07a (April 14, 2009)
+
+  Septemberarated out OS dependent code on reentrant cfg.
+  Added multiple sector size feature.
+
+
+
+R0.07c (June 21, 2009)
+
+  Fixed f_unlink() can return FR_OK on error.
+  Fixed wrong cache control in f_lseek().
+  Added relative path feature.
+  Added f_chdir() and f_chdrive().
+  Added proper case conversion to extended character.
+
+
+
+R0.07e (November 03, 2009)
+
+  Septemberarated out configuration options from ff.h to ffconf.h.
+  Fixed f_unlink() fails to remove a sub-directory on _FS_RPATH.
+  Fixed name matching error on the 13 character boundary.
+  Added a configuration option, _LFN_UNICODE.
+  Changed f_readdir() to return the SFN with always upper case on non-LFN cfg.
+
+
+
+R0.08 (May 15, 2010)
+
+  Added a memory configuration option. (_USE_LFN = 3)
+  Added file lock feature. (_FS_SHARE)
+  Added fast seek feature. (_USE_FASTSEEK)
+  Changed some types on the API, XCHAR->TCHAR.
+  Changed .fname in the FILINFO structure on Unicode cfg.
+  String functions support UTF-8 encoding files on Unicode cfg.
+
+
+
+R0.08a (August 16, 2010)
+
+  Added f_getcwd(). (_FS_RPATH = 2)
+  Added sector erase feature. (_USE_ERASE)
+  Moved file lock semaphore table from fs object to the bss.
+  Fixed f_mkfs() creates wrong FAT32 volume.
+
+
+
+R0.08b (January 15, 2011)
+
+  Fast seek feature is also applied to f_read() and f_write().
+  f_lseek() reports required table size on creating CLMP.
+  Extended format syntax of f_printf().
+  Ignores duplicated directory separators in given path name.
+
+
+
+R0.09 (September 06, 2011)
+
+  f_mkfs() supports multiple partition to complete the multiple partition feature.
+  Added f_fdisk().
+
+
+
+R0.09a (August 27, 2012)
+
+  Changed f_open() and f_opendir() reject null object pointer to avoid crash.
+  Changed option name _FS_SHARE to _FS_LOCK.
+  Fixed assertion failure due to OS/2 EA on FAT12/16 volume.
+
+
+
+R0.09b (January 24, 2013)
+
+  Added f_setlabel() and f_getlabel().
+
+
+
+R0.10 (October 02, 2013)
+
+  Added selection of character encoding on the file. (_STRF_ENCODE)
+  Added f_closedir().
+  Added forced full FAT scan for f_getfree(). (_FS_NOFSINFO)
+  Added forced mount feature with changes of f_mount().
+  Improved behavior of volume auto detection.
+  Improved write throughput of f_puts() and f_printf().
+  Changed argument of f_chdrive(), f_mkfs(), disk_read() and disk_write().
+  Fixed f_write() can be truncated when the file size is close to 4GB.
+  Fixed f_open(), f_mkdir() and f_setlabel() can return incorrect value on error.
+
+
+
+R0.10a (January 15, 2014)
+
+  Added arbitrary strings as drive number in the path name. (_STR_VOLUME_ID)
+  Added a configuration option of minimum sector size. (_MIN_SS)
+  2nd argument of f_rename() can have a drive number and it will be ignored.
+  Fixed f_mount() with forced mount fails when drive number is >= 1. (appeared at R0.10)
+  Fixed f_close() invalidates the file object without volume lock.
+  Fixed f_closedir() returns but the volume lock is left acquired. (appeared at R0.10)
+  Fixed creation of an entry with LFN fails on too many SFN collisions. (appeared at R0.07)
+
+
+
+R0.10b (May 19, 2014)
+
+  Fixed a hard error in the disk I/O layer can collapse the directory entry.
+  Fixed LFN entry is not deleted when delete/rename an object with lossy converted SFN. (appeared at R0.07)
+
+
+
+R0.10c (November 09, 2014)
+
+  Added a configuration option for the platforms without RTC. (_FS_NORTC)
+  Changed option name _USE_ERASE to _USE_TRIM.
+  Fixed volume label created by Mac OS X cannot be retrieved with f_getlabel(). (appeared at R0.09b)
+  Fixed a potential problem of FAT access that can appear on disk error.
+  Fixed null pointer dereference on attempting to delete the root direcotry. (appeared at R0.08)
+
+
+
+R0.11 (February 09, 2015)
+
+  Added f_findfirst(), f_findnext() and f_findclose(). (_USE_FIND)
+  Fixed f_unlink() does not remove cluster chain of the file. (appeared at R0.10c)
+  Fixed _FS_NORTC option does not work properly. (appeared at R0.10c)
+
+
+
+R0.11a (September 05, 2015)
+
+  Fixed wrong media change can lead a deadlock at thread-safe configuration.
+  Added code page 771, 860, 861, 863, 864, 865 and 869. (_CODE_PAGE)
+  Removed some code pages actually not exist on the standard systems. (_CODE_PAGE)
+  Fixed errors in the case conversion teble of code page 437 and 850 (ff.c).
+  Fixed errors in the case conversion teble of Unicode (cc*.c).
+
+
+
+R0.12 (April 12, 2016)
+
+  Added support for exFAT file system. (_FS_EXFAT)
+  Added f_expand(). (_USE_EXPAND)
+  Changed some members in FINFO structure and behavior of f_readdir().
+  Added an option _USE_CHMOD.
+  Removed an option _WORD_ACCESS.
+  Fixed errors in the case conversion table of Unicode (cc*.c).
+
+
+
+R0.12a (July 10, 2016)
+
+  Added support for creating exFAT volume with some changes of f_mkfs().
+  Added a file open method FA_OPEN_APPEND. An f_lseek() following f_open() is no longer needed.
+  f_forward() is available regardless of _FS_TINY.
+  Fixed f_mkfs() creates wrong volume. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed wrong memory read in create_name(). (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed compilation fails at some configurations, _USE_FASTSEEK and _USE_FORWARD.
+
+
+
+R0.12b (September 04, 2016)
+
+  Made f_rename() be able to rename objects with the same name but case.
+  Fixed an error in the case conversion teble of code page 866. (ff.c)
+  Fixed writing data is truncated at the file offset 4GiB on the exFAT volume. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed creating a file in the root directory of exFAT volume can fail. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed f_mkfs() creating exFAT volume with too small cluster size can collapse unallocated memory. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed wrong object name can be returned when read directory at Unicode cfg. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed large file allocation/removing on the exFAT volume collapses allocation bitmap. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed some internal errors in f_expand() and f_lseek(). (appeared at R0.12)
+
+
+
+R0.12c (March 04, 2017)
+
+  Improved write throughput at the fragmented file on the exFAT volume.
+  Made memory usage for exFAT be able to be reduced as decreasing _MAX_LFN.
+  Fixed successive f_getfree() can return wrong count on the FAT12/16 volume. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed configuration option _VOLUMES cannot be set 10. (appeared at R0.10c)
+
+
+
+R0.13 (May 21, 2017)
+
+  Changed heading character of configuration keywords "_" to "FF_".
+  Removed ASCII-only configuration, FF_CODE_PAGE = 1. Use FF_CODE_PAGE = 437 instead.
+  Added f_setcp(), run-time code page configuration. (FF_CODE_PAGE = 0)
+  Improved cluster allocation time on stretch a deep buried cluster chain.
+  Improved processing time of f_mkdir() with large cluster size by using FF_USE_LFN = 3.
+  Improved NoFatChain flag of the fragmented file to be set after it is truncated and got contiguous.
+  Fixed archive attribute is left not set when a file on the exFAT volume is renamed. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed exFAT FAT entry can be collapsed when write or lseek operation to the existing file is done. (appeared at R0.12c)
+  Fixed creating a file can fail when a new cluster allocation to the exFAT directory occures. (appeared at R0.12c)
+
+
+
+R0.13a (October 14, 2017)
+
+  Added support for UTF-8 encoding on the API. (FF_LFN_UNICODE = 2)
+  Added options for file name output buffer. (FF_LFN_BUF, FF_SFN_BUF).
+  Added dynamic memory allocation option for working buffer of f_mkfs() and f_fdisk().
+  Fixed f_fdisk() and f_mkfs() create the partition table with wrong CHS parameters. (appeared at R0.09)
+  Fixed f_unlink() can cause lost clusters at fragmented file on the exFAT volume. (appeared at R0.12c)
+  Fixed f_setlabel() rejects some valid characters for exFAT volume. (appeared at R0.12)
+
+
+
+R0.13b (April 07, 2018)
+
+  Added support for UTF-32 encoding on the API. (FF_LFN_UNICODE = 3)
+  Added support for Unix style volume ID. (FF_STR_VOLUME_ID = 2)
+  Fixed accesing any object on the exFAT root directory beyond the cluster boundary can fail. (appeared at R0.12c)
+  Fixed f_setlabel() does not reject some invalid characters. (appeared at R0.09b)
+
+
+
+R0.13c (October 14, 2018)
+  Supported stdint.h for C99 and later. (integer.h was included in ff.h)
+  Fixed reading a directory gets infinite loop when the last directory entry is not empty. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed creating a sub-directory in the fragmented sub-directory on the exFAT volume collapses FAT chain of the parent directory. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed f_getcwd() cause output buffer overrun when the buffer has a valid drive number. (appeared at R0.13b)
+
+
+
+R0.14 (October 14, 2019)
+  Added support for 64-bit LBA and GUID partition table (FF_LBA64 = 1)
+  Changed some API functions, f_mkfs() and f_fdisk().
+  Fixed f_open() function cannot find the file with file name in length of FF_MAX_LFN characters.
+  Fixed f_readdir() function cannot retrieve long file names in length of FF_MAX_LFN - 1 characters.
+  Fixed f_readdir() function returns file names with wrong case conversion. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed f_mkfs() function can fail to create exFAT volume in the second partition. (appeared at R0.12)
+
+
+R0.14a (December 5, 2020)
+  Limited number of recursive calls in f_findnext().
+  Fixed old floppy disks formatted with MS-DOS 2.x and 3.x cannot be mounted.
+  Fixed some compiler warnings.
+
+
+
+R0.14b (April 17, 2021)
+  Made FatFs uses standard library <string.h> for copy, compare and search instead of built-in string functions.
+  Added support for long long integer and floating point to f_printf(). (FF_STRF_LLI and FF_STRF_FP)
+  Made path name parser ignore the terminating separator to allow "dir/".
+  Improved the compatibility in Unix style path name feature.
+  Fixed the file gets dead-locked when f_open() failed with some conditions. (appeared at R0.12a)
+  Fixed f_mkfs() can create wrong exFAT volume due to a timing dependent error. (appeared at R0.12)
+  Fixed code page 855 cannot be set by f_setcp().
+  Fixed some compiler warnings.
+
+
+
+R0.15 (November 6, 2022)
+  Changed user provided synchronization functions in order to completely eliminate the platform dependency from FatFs code.
+  FF_SYNC_t is removed from the configuration options.
+  Fixed a potential error in f_mount when FF_FS_REENTRANT.
+  Fixed file lock control FF_FS_LOCK is not mutal excluded when FF_FS_REENTRANT && FF_VOLUMES > 1 is true.
+  Fixed f_mkfs() creates broken exFAT volume when the size of volume is >= 2^32 sectors.
+  Fixed string functions cannot write the unicode characters not in BMP when FF_LFN_UNICODE == 2 (UTF-8).
+  Fixed a compatibility issue in identification of GPT header.
+

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/ff15/source/00readme.txt

+FatFs Module Source Files R0.15
+
+
+FILES
+
+  00readme.txt   This file.
+  00history.txt  Revision history.
+  ff.c           FatFs module.
+  ffconf.h       Configuration file of FatFs module.
+  ff.h           Common include file for FatFs and application module.
+  diskio.h       Common include file for FatFs and disk I/O module.
+  diskio.c       An example of glue function to attach existing disk I/O module to FatFs.
+  ffunicode.c    Optional Unicode utility functions.
+  ffsystem.c     An example of optional O/S related functions.
+
+
+  Low level disk I/O module is not included in this archive because the FatFs
+  module is only a generic file system layer and it does not depend on any specific
+  storage device. You need to provide a low level disk I/O module written to
+  control the storage device that attached to the target system.
+

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/ff15/source/diskio.c

+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Low level disk I/O module SKELETON for FatFs     (C)ChaN, 2019        */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* If a working storage control module is available, it should be        */
+/* attached to the FatFs via a glue function rather than modifying it.   */
+/* This is an example of glue functions to attach various exsisting      */
+/* storage control modules to the FatFs module with a defined API.       */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "ff.h"			/* Obtains integer types */
+#include "diskio.h"		/* Declarations of disk functions */
+
+/* Definitions of physical drive number for each drive */
+#define DEV_RAM		0	/* Example: Map Ramdisk to physical drive 0 */
+#define DEV_MMC		1	/* Example: Map MMC/SD card to physical drive 1 */
+#define DEV_USB		2	/* Example: Map USB MSD to physical drive 2 */
+
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Get Drive Status                                                      */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+DSTATUS disk_status (
+	BYTE pdrv		/* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
+)
+{
+	DSTATUS stat;
+	int result;
+
+	switch (pdrv) {
+	case DEV_RAM :
+		result = RAM_disk_status();
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return stat;
+
+	case DEV_MMC :
+		result = MMC_disk_status();
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return stat;
+
+	case DEV_USB :
+		result = USB_disk_status();
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return stat;
+	}
+	return STA_NOINIT;
+}
+
+
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Inidialize a Drive                                                    */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+DSTATUS disk_initialize (
+	BYTE pdrv				/* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
+)
+{
+	DSTATUS stat;
+	int result;
+
+	switch (pdrv) {
+	case DEV_RAM :
+		result = RAM_disk_initialize();
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return stat;
+
+	case DEV_MMC :
+		result = MMC_disk_initialize();
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return stat;
+
+	case DEV_USB :
+		result = USB_disk_initialize();
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return stat;
+	}
+	return STA_NOINIT;
+}
+
+
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Read Sector(s)                                                        */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+DRESULT disk_read (
+	BYTE pdrv,		/* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
+	BYTE *buff,		/* Data buffer to store read data */
+	LBA_t sector,	/* Start sector in LBA */
+	UINT count		/* Number of sectors to read */
+)
+{
+	DRESULT res;
+	int result;
+
+	switch (pdrv) {
+	case DEV_RAM :
+		// translate the arguments here
+
+		result = RAM_disk_read(buff, sector, count);
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return res;
+
+	case DEV_MMC :
+		// translate the arguments here
+
+		result = MMC_disk_read(buff, sector, count);
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return res;
+
+	case DEV_USB :
+		// translate the arguments here
+
+		result = USB_disk_read(buff, sector, count);
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	return RES_PARERR;
+}
+
+
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Write Sector(s)                                                       */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if FF_FS_READONLY == 0
+
+DRESULT disk_write (
+	BYTE pdrv,			/* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
+	const BYTE *buff,	/* Data to be written */
+	LBA_t sector,		/* Start sector in LBA */
+	UINT count			/* Number of sectors to write */
+)
+{
+	DRESULT res;
+	int result;
+
+	switch (pdrv) {
+	case DEV_RAM :
+		// translate the arguments here
+
+		result = RAM_disk_write(buff, sector, count);
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return res;
+
+	case DEV_MMC :
+		// translate the arguments here
+
+		result = MMC_disk_write(buff, sector, count);
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return res;
+
+	case DEV_USB :
+		// translate the arguments here
+
+		result = USB_disk_write(buff, sector, count);
+
+		// translate the reslut code here
+
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	return RES_PARERR;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Miscellaneous Functions                                               */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+DRESULT disk_ioctl (
+	BYTE pdrv,		/* Physical drive nmuber (0..) */
+	BYTE cmd,		/* Control code */
+	void *buff		/* Buffer to send/receive control data */
+)
+{
+	DRESULT res;
+	int result;
+
+	switch (pdrv) {
+	case DEV_RAM :
+
+		// Process of the command for the RAM drive
+
+		return res;
+
+	case DEV_MMC :
+
+		// Process of the command for the MMC/SD card
+
+		return res;
+
+	case DEV_USB :
+
+		// Process of the command the USB drive
+
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	return RES_PARERR;
+}
+

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/ff15/source/diskio.h

+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/  Low level disk interface modlue include file   (C)ChaN, 2019          /
+/-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef _DISKIO_DEFINED
+#define _DISKIO_DEFINED
+
+#include "ff.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Status of Disk Functions */
+typedef BYTE	DSTATUS;
+
+/* Results of Disk Functions */
+typedef enum {
+	RES_OK = 0,		/* 0: Successful */
+	RES_ERROR,		/* 1: R/W Error */
+	RES_WRPRT,		/* 2: Write Protected */
+	RES_NOTRDY,		/* 3: Not Ready */
+	RES_PARERR		/* 4: Invalid Parameter */
+} DRESULT;
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------*/
+/* Prototypes for disk control functions */
+
+
+DSTATUS disk_initialize (BYTE pdrv);
+DSTATUS disk_status (BYTE pdrv);
+DRESULT disk_read (BYTE pdrv, BYTE* buff, LBA_t sector, UINT count);
+DRESULT disk_write (BYTE pdrv, const BYTE* buff, LBA_t sector, UINT count);
+DRESULT disk_ioctl (BYTE pdrv, BYTE cmd, void* buff);
+
+
+/* Disk Status Bits (DSTATUS) */
+
+#define STA_NOINIT		0x01	/* Drive not initialized */
+#define STA_NODISK		0x02	/* No medium in the drive */
+#define STA_PROTECT		0x04	/* Write protected */
+
+
+/* Command code for disk_ioctrl fucntion */
+
+/* Generic command (Used by FatFs) */
+#define CTRL_SYNC			0	/* Complete pending write process (needed at FF_FS_READONLY == 0) */
+#define GET_SECTOR_COUNT	1	/* Get media size (needed at FF_USE_MKFS == 1) */
+#define GET_SECTOR_SIZE		2	/* Get sector size (needed at FF_MAX_SS != FF_MIN_SS) */
+#define GET_BLOCK_SIZE		3	/* Get erase block size (needed at FF_USE_MKFS == 1) */
+#define CTRL_TRIM			4	/* Inform device that the data on the block of sectors is no longer used (needed at FF_USE_TRIM == 1) */
+
+/* Generic command (Not used by FatFs) */
+#define CTRL_POWER			5	/* Get/Set power status */
+#define CTRL_LOCK			6	/* Lock/Unlock media removal */
+#define CTRL_EJECT			7	/* Eject media */
+#define CTRL_FORMAT			8	/* Create physical format on the media */
+
+/* MMC/SDC specific ioctl command */
+#define MMC_GET_TYPE		10	/* Get card type */
+#define MMC_GET_CSD			11	/* Get CSD */
+#define MMC_GET_CID			12	/* Get CID */
+#define MMC_GET_OCR			13	/* Get OCR */
+#define MMC_GET_SDSTAT		14	/* Get SD status */
+#define ISDIO_READ			55	/* Read data form SD iSDIO register */
+#define ISDIO_WRITE			56	/* Write data to SD iSDIO register */
+#define ISDIO_MRITE			57	/* Masked write data to SD iSDIO register */
+
+/* ATA/CF specific ioctl command */
+#define ATA_GET_REV			20	/* Get F/W revision */
+#define ATA_GET_MODEL		21	/* Get model name */
+#define ATA_GET_SN			22	/* Get serial number */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/ff15/source/ff.h

+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/  FatFs - Generic FAT Filesystem module  R0.15                               /
+/-----------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/
+/ Copyright (C) 2022, ChaN, all right reserved.
+/
+/ FatFs module is an open source software. Redistribution and use of FatFs in
+/ source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
+/ that the following condition is met:
+
+/ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+/    this condition and the following disclaimer.
+/
+/ This software is provided by the copyright holder and contributors "AS IS"
+/ and any warranties related to this software are DISCLAIMED.
+/ The copyright owner or contributors be NOT LIABLE for any damages caused
+/ by use of this software.
+/
+/----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#ifndef FF_DEFINED
+#define FF_DEFINED	80286	/* Revision ID */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include "ffconf.h"		/* FatFs configuration options */
+
+#if FF_DEFINED != FFCONF_DEF
+#error Wrong configuration file (ffconf.h).
+#endif
+
+
+/* Integer types used for FatFs API */
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)		/* Windows VC++ (for development only) */
+#define FF_INTDEF 2
+#include <windows.h>
+typedef unsigned __int64 QWORD;
+#include <float.h>
+#define isnan(v) _isnan(v)
+#define isinf(v) (!_finite(v))
+
+#elif (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || defined(__cplusplus)	/* C99 or later */
+#define FF_INTDEF 2
+#include <stdint.h>
+typedef unsigned int	UINT;	/* int must be 16-bit or 32-bit */
+typedef unsigned char	BYTE;	/* char must be 8-bit */
+typedef uint16_t		WORD;	/* 16-bit unsigned integer */
+typedef uint32_t		DWORD;	/* 32-bit unsigned integer */
+typedef uint64_t		QWORD;	/* 64-bit unsigned integer */
+typedef WORD			WCHAR;	/* UTF-16 character type */
+
+#else  	/* Earlier than C99 */
+#define FF_INTDEF 1
+typedef unsigned int	UINT;	/* int must be 16-bit or 32-bit */
+typedef unsigned char	BYTE;	/* char must be 8-bit */
+typedef unsigned short	WORD;	/* 16-bit unsigned integer */
+typedef unsigned long	DWORD;	/* 32-bit unsigned integer */
+typedef WORD			WCHAR;	/* UTF-16 character type */
+#endif
+
+
+/* Type of file size and LBA variables */
+
+#if FF_FS_EXFAT
+#if FF_INTDEF != 2
+#error exFAT feature wants C99 or later
+#endif
+typedef QWORD FSIZE_t;
+#if FF_LBA64
+typedef QWORD LBA_t;
+#else
+typedef DWORD LBA_t;
+#endif
+#else
+#if FF_LBA64
+#error exFAT needs to be enabled when enable 64-bit LBA
+#endif
+typedef DWORD FSIZE_t;
+typedef DWORD LBA_t;
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* Type of path name strings on FatFs API (TCHAR) */
+
+#if FF_USE_LFN && FF_LFN_UNICODE == 1 	/* Unicode in UTF-16 encoding */
+typedef WCHAR TCHAR;
+#define _T(x) L ## x
+#define _TEXT(x) L ## x
+#elif FF_USE_LFN && FF_LFN_UNICODE == 2	/* Unicode in UTF-8 encoding */
+typedef char TCHAR;
+#define _T(x) u8 ## x
+#define _TEXT(x) u8 ## x
+#elif FF_USE_LFN && FF_LFN_UNICODE == 3	/* Unicode in UTF-32 encoding */
+typedef DWORD TCHAR;
+#define _T(x) U ## x
+#define _TEXT(x) U ## x
+#elif FF_USE_LFN && (FF_LFN_UNICODE < 0 || FF_LFN_UNICODE > 3)
+#error Wrong FF_LFN_UNICODE setting
+#else									/* ANSI/OEM code in SBCS/DBCS */
+typedef char TCHAR;
+#define _T(x) x
+#define _TEXT(x) x
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* Definitions of volume management */
+
+#if FF_MULTI_PARTITION		/* Multiple partition configuration */
+typedef struct {
+	BYTE pd;	/* Physical drive number */
+	BYTE pt;	/* Partition: 0:Auto detect, 1-4:Forced partition) */
+} PARTITION;
+extern PARTITION VolToPart[];	/* Volume - Partition mapping table */
+#endif
+
+#if FF_STR_VOLUME_ID
+#ifndef FF_VOLUME_STRS
+extern const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES];	/* User defied volume ID */
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* Filesystem object structure (FATFS) */
+
+typedef struct {
+	BYTE	fs_type;		/* Filesystem type (0:not mounted) */
+	BYTE	pdrv;			/* Volume hosting physical drive */
+	BYTE	ldrv;			/* Logical drive number (used only when FF_FS_REENTRANT) */
+	BYTE	n_fats;			/* Number of FATs (1 or 2) */
+	BYTE	wflag;			/* win[] status (b0:dirty) */
+	BYTE	fsi_flag;		/* FSINFO status (b7:disabled, b0:dirty) */
+	WORD	id;				/* Volume mount ID */
+	WORD	n_rootdir;		/* Number of root directory entries (FAT12/16) */
+	WORD	csize;			/* Cluster size [sectors] */
+#if FF_MAX_SS != FF_MIN_SS
+	WORD	ssize;			/* Sector size (512, 1024, 2048 or 4096) */
+#endif
+#if FF_USE_LFN
+	WCHAR*	lfnbuf;			/* LFN working buffer */
+#endif
+#if FF_FS_EXFAT
+	BYTE*	dirbuf;			/* Directory entry block scratchpad buffer for exFAT */
+#endif
+#if !FF_FS_READONLY
+	DWORD	last_clst;		/* Last allocated cluster */
+	DWORD	free_clst;		/* Number of free clusters */
+#endif
+#if FF_FS_RPATH
+	DWORD	cdir;			/* Current directory start cluster (0:root) */
+#if FF_FS_EXFAT
+	DWORD	cdc_scl;		/* Containing directory start cluster (invalid when cdir is 0) */
+	DWORD	cdc_size;		/* b31-b8:Size of containing directory, b7-b0: Chain status */
+	DWORD	cdc_ofs;		/* Offset in the containing directory (invalid when cdir is 0) */
+#endif
+#endif
+	DWORD	n_fatent;		/* Number of FAT entries (number of clusters + 2) */
+	DWORD	fsize;			/* Number of sectors per FAT */
+	LBA_t	volbase;		/* Volume base sector */
+	LBA_t	fatbase;		/* FAT base sector */
+	LBA_t	dirbase;		/* Root directory base sector (FAT12/16) or cluster (FAT32/exFAT) */
+	LBA_t	database;		/* Data base sector */
+#if FF_FS_EXFAT
+	LBA_t	bitbase;		/* Allocation bitmap base sector */
+#endif
+	LBA_t	winsect;		/* Current sector appearing in the win[] */
+	BYTE	win[FF_MAX_SS];	/* Disk access window for Directory, FAT (and file data at tiny cfg) */
+} FATFS;
+
+
+
+/* Object ID and allocation information (FFOBJID) */
+
+typedef struct {
+	FATFS*	fs;				/* Pointer to the hosting volume of this object */
+	WORD	id;				/* Hosting volume's mount ID */
+	BYTE	attr;			/* Object attribute */
+	BYTE	stat;			/* Object chain status (b1-0: =0:not contiguous, =2:contiguous, =3:fragmented in this session, b2:sub-directory stretched) */
+	DWORD	sclust;			/* Object data start cluster (0:no cluster or root directory) */
+	FSIZE_t	objsize;		/* Object size (valid when sclust != 0) */
+#if FF_FS_EXFAT
+	DWORD	n_cont;			/* Size of first fragment - 1 (valid when stat == 3) */
+	DWORD	n_frag;			/* Size of last fragment needs to be written to FAT (valid when not zero) */
+	DWORD	c_scl;			/* Containing directory start cluster (valid when sclust != 0) */
+	DWORD	c_size;			/* b31-b8:Size of containing directory, b7-b0: Chain status (valid when c_scl != 0) */
+	DWORD	c_ofs;			/* Offset in the containing directory (valid when file object and sclust != 0) */
+#endif
+#if FF_FS_LOCK
+	UINT	lockid;			/* File lock ID origin from 1 (index of file semaphore table Files[]) */
+#endif
+} FFOBJID;
+
+
+
+/* File object structure (FIL) */
+
+typedef struct {
+	FFOBJID	obj;			/* Object identifier (must be the 1st member to detect invalid object pointer) */
+	BYTE	flag;			/* File status flags */
+	BYTE	err;			/* Abort flag (error code) */
+	FSIZE_t	fptr;			/* File read/write pointer (Zeroed on file open) */
+	DWORD	clust;			/* Current cluster of fpter (invalid when fptr is 0) */
+	LBA_t	sect;			/* Sector number appearing in buf[] (0:invalid) */
+#if !FF_FS_READONLY
+	LBA_t	dir_sect;		/* Sector number containing the directory entry (not used at exFAT) */
+	BYTE*	dir_ptr;		/* Pointer to the directory entry in the win[] (not used at exFAT) */
+#endif
+#if FF_USE_FASTSEEK
+	DWORD*	cltbl;			/* Pointer to the cluster link map table (nulled on open, set by application) */
+#endif
+#if !FF_FS_TINY
+	BYTE	buf[FF_MAX_SS];	/* File private data read/write window */
+#endif
+} FIL;
+
+
+
+/* Directory object structure (DIR) */
+
+typedef struct {
+	FFOBJID	obj;			/* Object identifier */
+	DWORD	dptr;			/* Current read/write offset */
+	DWORD	clust;			/* Current cluster */
+	LBA_t	sect;			/* Current sector (0:Read operation has terminated) */
+	BYTE*	dir;			/* Pointer to the directory item in the win[] */
+	BYTE	fn[12];			/* SFN (in/out) {body[8],ext[3],status[1]} */
+#if FF_USE_LFN
+	DWORD	blk_ofs;		/* Offset of current entry block being processed (0xFFFFFFFF:Invalid) */
+#endif
+#if FF_USE_FIND
+	const TCHAR* pat;		/* Pointer to the name matching pattern */
+#endif
+} DIR;
+
+
+
+/* File information structure (FILINFO) */
+
+typedef struct {
+	FSIZE_t	fsize;			/* File size */
+	WORD	fdate;			/* Modified date */
+	WORD	ftime;			/* Modified time */
+	BYTE	fattrib;		/* File attribute */
+#if FF_USE_LFN
+	TCHAR	altname[FF_SFN_BUF + 1];/* Alternative file name */
+	TCHAR	fname[FF_LFN_BUF + 1];	/* Primary file name */
+#else
+	TCHAR	fname[12 + 1];	/* File name */
+#endif
+} FILINFO;
+
+
+
+/* Format parameter structure (MKFS_PARM) */
+
+typedef struct {
+	BYTE fmt;			/* Format option (FM_FAT, FM_FAT32, FM_EXFAT and FM_SFD) */
+	BYTE n_fat;			/* Number of FATs */
+	UINT align;			/* Data area alignment (sector) */
+	UINT n_root;		/* Number of root directory entries */
+	DWORD au_size;		/* Cluster size (byte) */
+} MKFS_PARM;
+
+
+
+/* File function return code (FRESULT) */
+
+typedef enum {
+	FR_OK = 0,				/* (0) Succeeded */
+	FR_DISK_ERR,			/* (1) A hard error occurred in the low level disk I/O layer */
+	FR_INT_ERR,				/* (2) Assertion failed */
+	FR_NOT_READY,			/* (3) The physical drive cannot work */
+	FR_NO_FILE,				/* (4) Could not find the file */
+	FR_NO_PATH,				/* (5) Could not find the path */
+	FR_INVALID_NAME,		/* (6) The path name format is invalid */
+	FR_DENIED,				/* (7) Access denied due to prohibited access or directory full */
+	FR_EXIST,				/* (8) Access denied due to prohibited access */
+	FR_INVALID_OBJECT,		/* (9) The file/directory object is invalid */
+	FR_WRITE_PROTECTED,		/* (10) The physical drive is write protected */
+	FR_INVALID_DRIVE,		/* (11) The logical drive number is invalid */
+	FR_NOT_ENABLED,			/* (12) The volume has no work area */
+	FR_NO_FILESYSTEM,		/* (13) There is no valid FAT volume */
+	FR_MKFS_ABORTED,		/* (14) The f_mkfs() aborted due to any problem */
+	FR_TIMEOUT,				/* (15) Could not get a grant to access the volume within defined period */
+	FR_LOCKED,				/* (16) The operation is rejected according to the file sharing policy */
+	FR_NOT_ENOUGH_CORE,		/* (17) LFN working buffer could not be allocated */
+	FR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES,	/* (18) Number of open files > FF_FS_LOCK */
+	FR_INVALID_PARAMETER	/* (19) Given parameter is invalid */
+} FRESULT;
+
+
+
+
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* FatFs Module Application Interface                           */
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+FRESULT f_open (FIL* fp, const TCHAR* path, BYTE mode);				/* Open or create a file */
+FRESULT f_close (FIL* fp);											/* Close an open file object */
+FRESULT f_read (FIL* fp, void* buff, UINT btr, UINT* br);			/* Read data from the file */
+FRESULT f_write (FIL* fp, const void* buff, UINT btw, UINT* bw);	/* Write data to the file */
+FRESULT f_lseek (FIL* fp, FSIZE_t ofs);								/* Move file pointer of the file object */
+FRESULT f_truncate (FIL* fp);										/* Truncate the file */
+FRESULT f_sync (FIL* fp);											/* Flush cached data of the writing file */
+FRESULT f_opendir (DIR* dp, const TCHAR* path);						/* Open a directory */
+FRESULT f_closedir (DIR* dp);										/* Close an open directory */
+FRESULT f_readdir (DIR* dp, FILINFO* fno);							/* Read a directory item */
+FRESULT f_findfirst (DIR* dp, FILINFO* fno, const TCHAR* path, const TCHAR* pattern);	/* Find first file */
+FRESULT f_findnext (DIR* dp, FILINFO* fno);							/* Find next file */
+FRESULT f_mkdir (const TCHAR* path);								/* Create a sub directory */
+FRESULT f_unlink (const TCHAR* path);								/* Delete an existing file or directory */
+FRESULT f_rename (const TCHAR* path_old, const TCHAR* path_new);	/* Rename/Move a file or directory */
+FRESULT f_stat (const TCHAR* path, FILINFO* fno);					/* Get file status */
+FRESULT f_chmod (const TCHAR* path, BYTE attr, BYTE mask);			/* Change attribute of a file/dir */
+FRESULT f_utime (const TCHAR* path, const FILINFO* fno);			/* Change timestamp of a file/dir */
+FRESULT f_chdir (const TCHAR* path);								/* Change current directory */
+FRESULT f_chdrive (const TCHAR* path);								/* Change current drive */
+FRESULT f_getcwd (TCHAR* buff, UINT len);							/* Get current directory */
+FRESULT f_getfree (const TCHAR* path, DWORD* nclst, FATFS** fatfs);	/* Get number of free clusters on the drive */
+FRESULT f_getlabel (const TCHAR* path, TCHAR* label, DWORD* vsn);	/* Get volume label */
+FRESULT f_setlabel (const TCHAR* label);							/* Set volume label */
+FRESULT f_forward (FIL* fp, UINT(*func)(const BYTE*,UINT), UINT btf, UINT* bf);	/* Forward data to the stream */
+FRESULT f_expand (FIL* fp, FSIZE_t fsz, BYTE opt);					/* Allocate a contiguous block to the file */
+FRESULT f_mount (FATFS* fs, const TCHAR* path, BYTE opt);			/* Mount/Unmount a logical drive */
+FRESULT f_mkfs (const TCHAR* path, const MKFS_PARM* opt, void* work, UINT len);	/* Create a FAT volume */
+FRESULT f_fdisk (BYTE pdrv, const LBA_t ptbl[], void* work);		/* Divide a physical drive into some partitions */
+FRESULT f_setcp (WORD cp);											/* Set current code page */
+int f_putc (TCHAR c, FIL* fp);										/* Put a character to the file */
+int f_puts (const TCHAR* str, FIL* cp);								/* Put a string to the file */
+int f_printf (FIL* fp, const TCHAR* str, ...);						/* Put a formatted string to the file */
+TCHAR* f_gets (TCHAR* buff, int len, FIL* fp);						/* Get a string from the file */
+
+/* Some API fucntions are implemented as macro */
+
+#define f_eof(fp) ((int)((fp)->fptr == (fp)->obj.objsize))
+#define f_error(fp) ((fp)->err)
+#define f_tell(fp) ((fp)->fptr)
+#define f_size(fp) ((fp)->obj.objsize)
+#define f_rewind(fp) f_lseek((fp), 0)
+#define f_rewinddir(dp) f_readdir((dp), 0)
+#define f_rmdir(path) f_unlink(path)
+#define f_unmount(path) f_mount(0, path, 0)
+
+
+
+
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Additional Functions                                         */
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* RTC function (provided by user) */
+#if !FF_FS_READONLY && !FF_FS_NORTC
+DWORD get_fattime (void);	/* Get current time */
+#endif
+
+
+/* LFN support functions (defined in ffunicode.c) */
+
+#if FF_USE_LFN >= 1
+WCHAR ff_oem2uni (WCHAR oem, WORD cp);	/* OEM code to Unicode conversion */
+WCHAR ff_uni2oem (DWORD uni, WORD cp);	/* Unicode to OEM code conversion */
+DWORD ff_wtoupper (DWORD uni);			/* Unicode upper-case conversion */
+#endif
+
+
+/* O/S dependent functions (samples available in ffsystem.c) */
+
+#if FF_USE_LFN == 3		/* Dynamic memory allocation */
+void* ff_memalloc (UINT msize);		/* Allocate memory block */
+void ff_memfree (void* mblock);		/* Free memory block */
+#endif
+#if FF_FS_REENTRANT	/* Sync functions */
+int ff_mutex_create (int vol);		/* Create a sync object */
+void ff_mutex_delete (int vol);		/* Delete a sync object */
+int ff_mutex_take (int vol);		/* Lock sync object */
+void ff_mutex_give (int vol);		/* Unlock sync object */
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Flags and Offset Address                                     */
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* File access mode and open method flags (3rd argument of f_open) */
+#define	FA_READ				0x01
+#define	FA_WRITE			0x02
+#define	FA_OPEN_EXISTING	0x00
+#define	FA_CREATE_NEW		0x04
+#define	FA_CREATE_ALWAYS	0x08
+#define	FA_OPEN_ALWAYS		0x10
+#define	FA_OPEN_APPEND		0x30
+
+/* Fast seek controls (2nd argument of f_lseek) */
+#define CREATE_LINKMAP	((FSIZE_t)0 - 1)
+
+/* Format options (2nd argument of f_mkfs) */
+#define FM_FAT		0x01
+#define FM_FAT32	0x02
+#define FM_EXFAT	0x04
+#define FM_ANY		0x07
+#define FM_SFD		0x08
+
+/* Filesystem type (FATFS.fs_type) */
+#define FS_FAT12	1
+#define FS_FAT16	2
+#define FS_FAT32	3
+#define FS_EXFAT	4
+
+/* File attribute bits for directory entry (FILINFO.fattrib) */
+#define	AM_RDO	0x01	/* Read only */
+#define	AM_HID	0x02	/* Hidden */
+#define	AM_SYS	0x04	/* System */
+#define AM_DIR	0x10	/* Directory */
+#define AM_ARC	0x20	/* Archive */
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* FF_DEFINED */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/ff15/source/ffsystem.c

+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* A Sample Code of User Provided OS Dependent Functions for FatFs        */
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "ff.h"
+
+
+#if FF_USE_LFN == 3	/* Use dynamic memory allocation */
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Allocate/Free a Memory Block                                           */
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include <stdlib.h>		/* with POSIX API */
+
+
+void* ff_memalloc (	/* Returns pointer to the allocated memory block (null if not enough core) */
+	UINT msize		/* Number of bytes to allocate */
+)
+{
+	return malloc((size_t)msize);	/* Allocate a new memory block */
+}
+
+
+void ff_memfree (
+	void* mblock	/* Pointer to the memory block to free (no effect if null) */
+)
+{
+	free(mblock);	/* Free the memory block */
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+#if FF_FS_REENTRANT	/* Mutal exclusion */
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Definitions of Mutex                                                   */
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define OS_TYPE	0	/* 0:Win32, 1:uITRON4.0, 2:uC/OS-II, 3:FreeRTOS, 4:CMSIS-RTOS */
+
+
+#if   OS_TYPE == 0	/* Win32 */
+#include <windows.h>
+static HANDLE Mutex[FF_VOLUMES + 1];	/* Table of mutex handle */
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 1	/* uITRON */
+#include "itron.h"
+#include "kernel.h"
+static mtxid Mutex[FF_VOLUMES + 1];		/* Table of mutex ID */
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 2	/* uc/OS-II */
+#include "includes.h"
+static OS_EVENT *Mutex[FF_VOLUMES + 1];	/* Table of mutex pinter */
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 3	/* FreeRTOS */
+#include "FreeRTOS.h"
+#include "semphr.h"
+static SemaphoreHandle_t Mutex[FF_VOLUMES + 1];	/* Table of mutex handle */
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 4	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
+#include "cmsis_os.h"
+static osMutexId Mutex[FF_VOLUMES + 1];	/* Table of mutex ID */
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Create a Mutex                                                         */
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* This function is called in f_mount function to create a new mutex
+/  or semaphore for the volume. When a 0 is returned, the f_mount function
+/  fails with FR_INT_ERR.
+*/
+
+int ff_mutex_create (	/* Returns 1:Function succeeded or 0:Could not create the mutex */
+	int vol				/* Mutex ID: Volume mutex (0 to FF_VOLUMES - 1) or system mutex (FF_VOLUMES) */
+)
+{
+#if OS_TYPE == 0	/* Win32 */
+	Mutex[vol] = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
+	return (int)(Mutex[vol] != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 1	/* uITRON */
+	T_CMTX cmtx = {TA_TPRI,1};
+
+	Mutex[vol] = acre_mtx(&cmtx);
+	return (int)(Mutex[vol] > 0);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 2	/* uC/OS-II */
+	OS_ERR err;
+
+	Mutex[vol] = OSMutexCreate(0, &err);
+	return (int)(err == OS_NO_ERR);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 3	/* FreeRTOS */
+	Mutex[vol] = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
+	return (int)(Mutex[vol] != NULL);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 4	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
+	osMutexDef(cmsis_os_mutex);
+
+	Mutex[vol] = osMutexCreate(osMutex(cmsis_os_mutex));
+	return (int)(Mutex[vol] != NULL);
+
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Delete a Mutex                                                         */
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* This function is called in f_mount function to delete a mutex or
+/  semaphore of the volume created with ff_mutex_create function.
+*/
+
+void ff_mutex_delete (	/* Returns 1:Function succeeded or 0:Could not delete due to an error */
+	int vol				/* Mutex ID: Volume mutex (0 to FF_VOLUMES - 1) or system mutex (FF_VOLUMES) */
+)
+{
+#if OS_TYPE == 0	/* Win32 */
+	CloseHandle(Mutex[vol]);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 1	/* uITRON */
+	del_mtx(Mutex[vol]);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 2	/* uC/OS-II */
+	OS_ERR err;
+
+	OSMutexDel(Mutex[vol], OS_DEL_ALWAYS, &err);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 3	/* FreeRTOS */
+	vSemaphoreDelete(Mutex[vol]);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 4	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
+	osMutexDelete(Mutex[vol]);
+
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Request a Grant to Access the Volume                                   */
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* This function is called on enter file functions to lock the volume.
+/  When a 0 is returned, the file function fails with FR_TIMEOUT.
+*/
+
+int ff_mutex_take (	/* Returns 1:Succeeded or 0:Timeout */
+	int vol			/* Mutex ID: Volume mutex (0 to FF_VOLUMES - 1) or system mutex (FF_VOLUMES) */
+)
+{
+#if OS_TYPE == 0	/* Win32 */
+	return (int)(WaitForSingleObject(Mutex[vol], FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 1	/* uITRON */
+	return (int)(tloc_mtx(Mutex[vol], FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == E_OK);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 2	/* uC/OS-II */
+	OS_ERR err;
+
+	OSMutexPend(Mutex[vol], FF_FS_TIMEOUT, &err));
+	return (int)(err == OS_NO_ERR);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 3	/* FreeRTOS */
+	return (int)(xSemaphoreTake(Mutex[vol], FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == pdTRUE);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 4	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
+	return (int)(osMutexWait(Mutex[vol], FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == osOK);
+
+#endif
+}
+
+
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Release a Grant to Access the Volume                                   */
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* This function is called on leave file functions to unlock the volume.
+*/
+
+void ff_mutex_give (
+	int vol			/* Mutex ID: Volume mutex (0 to FF_VOLUMES - 1) or system mutex (FF_VOLUMES) */
+)
+{
+#if OS_TYPE == 0	/* Win32 */
+	ReleaseMutex(Mutex[vol]);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 1	/* uITRON */
+	unl_mtx(Mutex[vol]);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 2	/* uC/OS-II */
+	OSMutexPost(Mutex[vol]);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 3	/* FreeRTOS */
+	xSemaphoreGive(Mutex[vol]);
+
+#elif OS_TYPE == 4	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
+	osMutexRelease(Mutex[vol]);
+
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif	/* FF_FS_REENTRANT */
+

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/crash.h

+/* crash.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+// Original from M0AGX (blog@m0agx.eu), "Preserving debugging breadcrumbs across
+// reboots in Cortex-M,"
+// https://m0agx.eu/2018/08/18/preserving-debugging-breadcrumbs-across-reboots-in-cortex-m/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+//
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* The crash info section is at the beginning of the RAM,
+ * that is not initialized by the linker to preserve
+ * information across reboots.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * These are the positions of the fault frame elements in the
+ * fault frame structure.
+ */
+enum {
+    R0_Pos = 0, /**< The position of the R0  content in a fault structure */
+    R1_Pos,     /**< The position of the R1  content in a fault structure */
+    R2_Pos,     /**< The position of the R2  content in a fault structure */
+    R3_Pos,     /**< The position of the R3  content in a fault structure */
+    R12_Pos,    /**< The position of the R12 content in a fault structure */
+    LR_Pos,     /**< The position of the LR  content in a fault structure */
+    PC_Pos,     /**< The position of the PC  content in a fault structure */
+    PSR_Pos,    /**< The position of the PSR content in a fault structure */
+    NUM_REGS,   /**< The number of registers in the fault frame */
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t r0;  /**< R0 register content */
+    uint32_t r1;  /**< R1 register content */
+    uint32_t r2;  /**< R2 register content */
+    uint32_t r3;  /**< R3 register content */
+    uint32_t r12; /**< R12 register content */
+    uint32_t lr;  /**< LR register content */
+    uint32_t pc;  /**< PC register content */
+    uint32_t psr; /**< PSR register content */
+} __attribute__((packed)) cy_stc_fault_frame_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+    crash_magic_none = 0,
+    crash_magic_bootloader_entry = 0xB000B000,
+    crash_magic_hard_fault = 0xCAFEBABE,
+    crash_magic_debug_mon = 0x01020304,
+    crash_magic_reboot_requested = 0x00ABCDEF,
+    crash_magic_stack_overflow = 0x0BADBEEF,
+    crash_magic_assert = 0xDEBDEBDE
+} crash_magic_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    char file[32];
+    int line;
+    char func[32];
+    char pred[32];
+} crash_assert_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t magic;
+    time_t timestamp;
+    union {
+        cy_stc_fault_frame_t cy_faultFrame;
+        crash_assert_t assert;
+        char calling_func[64];
+    };
+    uint8_t xor_checksum;  // last to avoid including in calculation
+} crash_info_t;
+
+// Trick to find struct size at compile time:
+// char (*__kaboom)[sizeof(crash_info_flash_t)] = 1;
+// warning: initialization of 'char (*)[132]' from 'int' makes ...
+
+void crash_handler_init();
+const crash_info_t *crash_handler_get_info();
+volatile const crash_info_t *crash_handler_get_info_flash();
+
+#define SYSTEM_RESET() system_reset_func(__FUNCTION__)
+void system_reset_func(char const *const func) __attribute__((noreturn));
+
+void capture_assert(const char *file, int line, const char *func, const char *pred)
+    __attribute__((noreturn));
+void capture_assert_case_not(const char *file, int line, const char *func, int v)
+    __attribute__((noreturn));
+
+int dump_crash_info(crash_info_t const *const pCrashInfo, int next, char *const buf,
+                    size_t const buf_sz);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/crc.h

+/* crc.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+/* Derived from:
+ * SD/MMC File System Library
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 Neil Thiessen
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef SD_CRC_H
+#define SD_CRC_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/**
+ * @brief Calculate the CRC7 checksum for the specified data block.
+ * 
+ * This function calculates the CRC7 checksum for the specified data block
+ * using the lookup table defined in the m_Crc7Table array.
+ * 
+ * @param data The data block to be checked.
+ * @param length The length of the data block in bytes.
+ * @return The calculated checksum.
+ */
+__attribute__((optimize("Ofast")))
+static inline char crc7(uint8_t const *data, int const length) {
+extern const char m_Crc7Table[];    
+	char crc = 0;
+	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+		crc = m_Crc7Table[(crc << 1) ^ data[i]];
+	}
+
+	//Return the calculated checksum
+	return crc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Calculate the CRC16 checksum for the specified data block.
+ * 
+ * This function calculates the CRC16 checksum for the specified data block
+ * using the lookup table defined in the m_Crc7Table array.
+ * 
+ * @param data The data block to be checked.
+ * @param length The length of the data block in bytes.
+ * @return The calculated checksum.
+ */
+uint16_t crc16(uint8_t const *data, int const length);
+
+#endif
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/delays.h

+/*
+ * delays.h
+ *
+ *  Created on: Apr 25, 2022
+ *      Author: carlk
+ */
+/* Using millis() or micros() for timeouts
+
+For example, 
+
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    do {
+        // ...
+       }
+    } while (millis() - start < TIMEOUT);             
+
+There is no problem if the millis() counter wraps, 
+due to the properties of unsigned integer modulo arithmetic.
+
+"A computation involving unsigned operands can never overflow, 
+because a result that cannot be represented by the resulting 
+unsigned integer type is reduced modulo the number that is 
+one greater than the largest value that can be represented 
+by the resulting type." 
+    -- ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) §6.2.5/9
+
+In other words, a uint32_t will wrap at 0 and UINT_MAX.
+
+So, for example, 
+    0x00000000 - 0xFFFFFFFF = 0x00000001
+
+Remember that an unsigned integer will never be negative!
+
+Be careful with comparisons. In the example above, 
+if 0x00000000 is the result of the counter wrapping,
+and 0xFFFFFFFF is the start timestamp, a comparison like
+
+    millis() - start < TIMEOUT
+
+is OK, but the following code is problematic if, say, the first call
+to millis() returns 0xFFFFFFF0 and the second 
+call to millis() returns 0xFFFFFFFF:
+
+    uint32_t end = millis() + 100; // end = 0x00000054
+    while (millis() < end)  // while (0xFFFFFFFF < 0x00000054)
+
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+//
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#if PICO_RP2040
+#include "RP2040.h"
+#else
+#include "RP2350.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+static inline uint32_t millis() {
+    __COMPILER_BARRIER();
+    return time_us_64() / 1000;
+    __COMPILER_BARRIER();
+}
+
+static inline void delay_ms(uint32_t ulTime_ms) {
+    sleep_ms(ulTime_ms);
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t micros() {
+    __COMPILER_BARRIER();
+    return to_us_since_boot(get_absolute_time());
+    __COMPILER_BARRIER();
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/f_util.h

+/* f_util.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+#pragma once
+#include "ff.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+    const char *FRESULT_str(FRESULT i);
+    FRESULT delete_node (
+        TCHAR* path,    /* Path name buffer with the sub-directory to delete */
+        UINT sz_buff,   /* Size of path name buffer (items) */
+        FILINFO* fno    /* Name read buffer */
+    );
+
+    void ls(const char *dir);
+    
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/ff_stdio.h

+/* ff_stdio.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+// For compatibility with FreeRTOS+FAT API
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+//
+#include "ff.h"
+//
+#include "my_debug.h"
+
+#define BaseType_t int
+#define FF_FILE FIL
+
+#define ff_rewind f_rewind
+#define pvPortMalloc malloc
+#define vPortFree free
+#define ffconfigMAX_FILENAME 250
+#define configASSERT myASSERT
+#define FF_PRINTF printf
+#define pdFREERTOS_ERRNO_NONE 0
+#define FF_EOF (-1)
+#define FF_SEEK_SET 0
+#define FF_SEEK_CUR 1
+#define FF_SEEK_END 2
+#define pdFALSE 0
+#define pdTRUE 1
+#define ff_filelength f_size
+#define ff_feof f_eof
+
+typedef struct FF_STAT {
+    uint32_t st_size; /* Size of the object in number of bytes. */
+    // uint16_t st_mode;			/* The mode (attribute bits) of this
+    // file or directory. */
+} FF_Stat_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    DIR dir;
+    FILINFO fileinfo;    
+    const char *pcFileName;
+    uint32_t ulFileSize;
+    //uint8_t ucAttributes;
+} FF_FindData_t;
+
+FF_FILE *ff_fopen(const char *pcFile, const char *pcMode);
+int ff_fclose(FF_FILE *pxStream);
+int ff_stat(const char *pcFileName, FF_Stat_t *pxStatBuffer);
+size_t ff_fwrite(const void *pvBuffer, size_t xSize, size_t xItems,
+                 FF_FILE *pxStream);
+size_t ff_fread(void *pvBuffer, size_t xSize, size_t xItems, FF_FILE *pxStream);
+int ff_chdir(const char *pcDirectoryName);
+char *ff_getcwd(char *pcBuffer, size_t xBufferLength);
+int ff_mkdir(const char *pcPath);
+int ff_fputc(int iChar, FF_FILE *pxStream);
+int ff_fgetc(FF_FILE *pxStream);
+int ff_rmdir(const char *pcDirectory);
+int ff_remove(const char *pcPath);
+long ff_ftell(FF_FILE *pxStream);
+int ff_fseek(FF_FILE *pxStream, int iOffset, int iWhence);
+int ff_findfirst(const char *pcDirectory, FF_FindData_t *pxFindData);
+int ff_findnext( FF_FindData_t *pxFindData );
+FF_FILE *ff_truncate( const char * pcFileName, long lTruncateSize );
+int ff_seteof( FF_FILE *pxStream );
+int ff_rename( const char *pcOldName, const char *pcNewName, int bDeleteIfExists );
+char *ff_fgets(char *pcBuffer, size_t xCount, FF_FILE *pxStream);

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/ffconf.h

+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/  Configurations of FatFs Module
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FFCONF_DEF	80286	/* Revision ID */
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ Function Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_FS_READONLY	0
+/* This option switches read-only configuration. (0:Read/Write or 1:Read-only)
+/  Read-only configuration removes writing API functions, f_write(), f_sync(),
+/  f_unlink(), f_mkdir(), f_chmod(), f_rename(), f_truncate(), f_getfree()
+/  and optional writing functions as well. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_MINIMIZE	0
+/* This option defines minimization level to remove some basic API functions.
+/
+/   0: Basic functions are fully enabled.
+/   1: f_stat(), f_getfree(), f_unlink(), f_mkdir(), f_truncate() and f_rename()
+/      are removed.
+/   2: f_opendir(), f_readdir() and f_closedir() are removed in addition to 1.
+/   3: f_lseek() function is removed in addition to 2. */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_FIND		1
+/* This option switches filtered directory read functions, f_findfirst() and
+/  f_findnext(). (0:Disable, 1:Enable 2:Enable with matching altname[] too) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_MKFS		1
+/* This option switches f_mkfs() function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_FASTSEEK	1
+/* This option switches fast seek function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_EXPAND	1
+/* This option switches f_expand function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_CHMOD	0
+/* This option switches attribute manipulation functions, f_chmod() and f_utime().
+/  (0:Disable or 1:Enable) Also FF_FS_READONLY needs to be 0 to enable this option. */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_LABEL	0
+/* This option switches volume label functions, f_getlabel() and f_setlabel().
+/  (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_FORWARD	0
+/* This option switches f_forward() function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_STRFUNC	1
+#define FF_PRINT_LLI	1
+#define FF_PRINT_FLOAT	1
+#define FF_STRF_ENCODE	3
+/* FF_USE_STRFUNC switches string functions, f_gets(), f_putc(), f_puts() and
+/  f_printf().
+/
+/   0: Disable. FF_PRINT_LLI, FF_PRINT_FLOAT and FF_STRF_ENCODE have no effect.
+/   1: Enable without LF-CRLF conversion.
+/   2: Enable with LF-CRLF conversion.
+/
+/  FF_PRINT_LLI = 1 makes f_printf() support long long argument and FF_PRINT_FLOAT = 1/2
+/  makes f_printf() support floating point argument. These features want C99 or later.
+/  When FF_LFN_UNICODE >= 1 with LFN enabled, string functions convert the character
+/  encoding in it. FF_STRF_ENCODE selects assumption of character encoding ON THE FILE
+/  to be read/written via those functions.
+/
+/   0: ANSI/OEM in current CP
+/   1: Unicode in UTF-16LE
+/   2: Unicode in UTF-16BE
+/   3: Unicode in UTF-8
+*/
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ Locale and Namespace Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_CODE_PAGE	437
+/* This option specifies the OEM code page to be used on the target system.
+/  Incorrect code page setting can cause a file open failure.
+/
+/   437 - U.S.
+/   720 - Arabic
+/   737 - Greek
+/   771 - KBL
+/   775 - Baltic
+/   850 - Latin 1
+/   852 - Latin 2
+/   855 - Cyrillic
+/   857 - Turkish
+/   860 - Portuguese
+/   861 - Icelandic
+/   862 - Hebrew
+/   863 - Canadian French
+/   864 - Arabic
+/   865 - Nordic
+/   866 - Russian
+/   869 - Greek 2
+/   932 - Japanese (DBCS)
+/   936 - Simplified Chinese (DBCS)
+/   949 - Korean (DBCS)
+/   950 - Traditional Chinese (DBCS)
+/     0 - Include all code pages above and configured by f_setcp()
+*/
+
+
+#define FF_USE_LFN		3
+#define FF_MAX_LFN		255
+/* The FF_USE_LFN switches the support for LFN (long file name).
+/
+/   0: Disable LFN. FF_MAX_LFN has no effect.
+/   1: Enable LFN with static  working buffer on the BSS. Always NOT thread-safe.
+/   2: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the STACK.
+/   3: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the HEAP.
+/
+/  To enable the LFN, ffunicode.c needs to be added to the project. The LFN function
+/  requiers certain internal working buffer occupies (FF_MAX_LFN + 1) * 2 bytes and
+/  additional (FF_MAX_LFN + 44) / 15 * 32 bytes when exFAT is enabled.
+/  The FF_MAX_LFN defines size of the working buffer in UTF-16 code unit and it can
+/  be in range of 12 to 255. It is recommended to be set it 255 to fully support LFN
+/  specification.
+/  When use stack for the working buffer, take care on stack overflow. When use heap
+/  memory for the working buffer, memory management functions, ff_memalloc() and
+/  ff_memfree() exemplified in ffsystem.c, need to be added to the project. */
+
+
+#define FF_LFN_UNICODE	2
+/* This option switches the character encoding on the API when LFN is enabled.
+/
+/   0: ANSI/OEM in current CP (TCHAR = char)
+/   1: Unicode in UTF-16 (TCHAR = WCHAR)
+/   2: Unicode in UTF-8 (TCHAR = char)
+/   3: Unicode in UTF-32 (TCHAR = DWORD)
+/
+/  Also behavior of string I/O functions will be affected by this option.
+/  When LFN is not enabled, this option has no effect. */
+
+
+#define FF_LFN_BUF		255
+#define FF_SFN_BUF		12
+/* This set of options defines size of file name members in the FILINFO structure
+/  which is used to read out directory items. These values should be suffcient for
+/  the file names to read. The maximum possible length of the read file name depends
+/  on character encoding. When LFN is not enabled, these options have no effect. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_RPATH		2
+/* This option configures support for relative path.
+/
+/   0: Disable relative path and remove related functions.
+/   1: Enable relative path. f_chdir() and f_chdrive() are available.
+/   2: f_getcwd() function is available in addition to 1.
+*/
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ Drive/Volume Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+# define FF_VOLUMES		4
+/* Number of volumes (logical drives) to be used. (1-10) */
+
+
+#define FF_STR_VOLUME_ID	0
+#define FF_VOLUME_STRS		"RAM","NAND","CF","SD","SD2","USB","USB2","USB3"
+/* FF_STR_VOLUME_ID switches support for volume ID in arbitrary strings.
+/  When FF_STR_VOLUME_ID is set to 1 or 2, arbitrary strings can be used as drive
+/  number in the path name. FF_VOLUME_STRS defines the volume ID strings for each
+/  logical drives. Number of items must not be less than FF_VOLUMES. Valid
+/  characters for the volume ID strings are A-Z, a-z and 0-9, however, they are
+/  compared in case-insensitive. If FF_STR_VOLUME_ID >= 1 and FF_VOLUME_STRS is
+/  not defined, a user defined volume string table is needed as:
+/
+/  const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES] = {"ram","flash","sd","usb",...
+*/
+
+
+#define FF_MULTI_PARTITION	0
+/* This option switches support for multiple volumes on the physical drive.
+/  By default (0), each logical drive number is bound to the same physical drive
+/  number and only an FAT volume found on the physical drive will be mounted.
+/  When this function is enabled (1), each logical drive number can be bound to
+/  arbitrary physical drive and partition listed in the VolToPart[]. Also f_fdisk()
+/  function will be available. */
+
+
+#define FF_MIN_SS		512
+#define FF_MAX_SS		512
+/* This set of options configures the range of sector size to be supported. (512,
+/  1024, 2048 or 4096) Always set both 512 for most systems, generic memory card and
+/  harddisk, but a larger value may be required for on-board flash memory and some
+/  type of optical media. When FF_MAX_SS is larger than FF_MIN_SS, FatFs is configured
+/  for variable sector size mode and disk_ioctl() function needs to implement
+/  GET_SECTOR_SIZE command. */
+
+
+#define FF_LBA64		1
+/* This option switches support for 64-bit LBA. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
+/  To enable the 64-bit LBA, also exFAT needs to be enabled. (FF_FS_EXFAT == 1) */
+
+
+#define FF_MIN_GPT		0x10000000
+/* Minimum number of sectors to switch GPT as partitioning format in f_mkfs and
+/  f_fdisk function. 0x100000000 max. This option has no effect when FF_LBA64 == 0. */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_TRIM		0
+/* This option switches support for ATA-TRIM. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
+/  To enable Trim function, also CTRL_TRIM command should be implemented to the
+/  disk_ioctl() function. */
+
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ System Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_FS_TINY		0
+/* This option switches tiny buffer configuration. (0:Normal or 1:Tiny)
+/  At the tiny configuration, size of file object (FIL) is shrinked FF_MAX_SS bytes.
+/  Instead of private sector buffer eliminated from the file object, common sector
+/  buffer in the filesystem object (FATFS) is used for the file data transfer. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_EXFAT		1
+/* This option switches support for exFAT filesystem. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
+/  To enable exFAT, also LFN needs to be enabled. (FF_USE_LFN >= 1)
+/  Note that enabling exFAT discards ANSI C (C89) compatibility. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_NORTC		0
+#define FF_NORTC_MON	1
+#define FF_NORTC_MDAY	1
+#define FF_NORTC_YEAR	2022
+/* The option FF_FS_NORTC switches timestamp feature. If the system does not have
+/  an RTC or valid timestamp is not needed, set FF_FS_NORTC = 1 to disable the
+/  timestamp feature. Every object modified by FatFs will have a fixed timestamp
+/  defined by FF_NORTC_MON, FF_NORTC_MDAY and FF_NORTC_YEAR in local time.
+/  To enable timestamp function (FF_FS_NORTC = 0), get_fattime() function need to be
+/  added to the project to read current time form real-time clock. FF_NORTC_MON,
+/  FF_NORTC_MDAY and FF_NORTC_YEAR have no effect.
+/  These options have no effect in read-only configuration (FF_FS_READONLY = 1). */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_NOFSINFO	0
+/* If you need to know correct free space on the FAT32 volume, set bit 0 of this
+/  option, and f_getfree() function at the first time after volume mount will force
+/  a full FAT scan. Bit 1 controls the use of last allocated cluster number.
+/
+/  bit0=0: Use free cluster count in the FSINFO if available.
+/  bit0=1: Do not trust free cluster count in the FSINFO.
+/  bit1=0: Use last allocated cluster number in the FSINFO if available.
+/  bit1=1: Do not trust last allocated cluster number in the FSINFO.
+*/
+
+
+#define FF_FS_LOCK		16
+/* The option FF_FS_LOCK switches file lock function to control duplicated file open
+/  and illegal operation to open objects. This option must be 0 when FF_FS_READONLY
+/  is 1.
+/
+/  0:  Disable file lock function. To avoid volume corruption, application program
+/      should avoid illegal open, remove and rename to the open objects.
+/  >0: Enable file lock function. The value defines how many files/sub-directories
+/      can be opened simultaneously under file lock control. Note that the file
+/      lock control is independent of re-entrancy. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_REENTRANT	0
+#define FF_FS_TIMEOUT	1000
+/* The option FF_FS_REENTRANT switches the re-entrancy (thread safe) of the FatFs
+/  module itself. Note that regardless of this option, file access to different
+/  volume is always re-entrant and volume control functions, f_mount(), f_mkfs()
+/  and f_fdisk() function, are always not re-entrant. Only file/directory access
+/  to the same volume is under control of this featuer.
+/
+/   0: Disable re-entrancy. FF_FS_TIMEOUT have no effect.
+/   1: Enable re-entrancy. Also user provided synchronization handlers,
+/      ff_mutex_create(), ff_mutex_delete(), ff_mutex_take() and ff_mutex_give()
+/      function, must be added to the project. Samples are available in ffsystem.c.
+/
+/  The FF_FS_TIMEOUT defines timeout period in unit of O/S time tick.
+*/
+
+
+
+/*--- End of configuration options ---*/

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/file_stream.h

+/*
+ * file_stream.h
+ *
+ * Wraps a FreeRTOS+FAT FF_FILE in a standard I/O stream FILE
+ * to take advantage of the buffering provided by the standard I/O library
+ * for a tremendous speedup of random-sized writes (e.g., fprintf output).
+ *
+ *  Created on: Jun 20, 2024
+ *      Author: carlk
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+FILE *open_file_stream( const char *pcFile, const char *pcMode );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/hw_config.h

+/* hw_config.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "sd_card.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* FatFS supports up to 10 logical drives. By default, each logical
+drive is associated with the physical drive in same drive number. */
+
+/* Return the number of physical drives (SD card sockets) in the configuration */
+size_t sd_get_num();
+
+/* Return a pointer to the SD card "object" at the given physical drive number.
+(See http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/filename.html#vol.)
+Parameter `num` must be less than sd_get_num(). */
+sd_card_t* sd_get_by_num(size_t num);
+
+/* See http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/config.html#str_volume_id */
+#if FF_STR_VOLUME_ID
+extern const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES]; /* User defined volume ID */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/my_debug.h

+/* my_debug.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* USE_PRINTF
+If this is defined and not zero,
+these message output functions will use the Pico SDK's stdout.
+*/
+
+/* USE_DBG_PRINTF
+If this is not defined or is zero or NDEBUG is defined,
+DBG_PRINTF statements will be effectively stripped from the code.
+*/
+
+/* Single string output callbacks: send message output somewhere.
+To use these, do not define the USE_PRINTF compile definition,
+and override these "weak" functions by strongly implementing them in user code.
+The weak implementations do nothing.
+ */
+void put_out_error_message(const char *s);
+void put_out_info_message(const char *s);
+void put_out_debug_message(const char *s);
+
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.2.3/cpp/Variadic-Macros.html
+
+int error_message_printf(const char *func, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
+    __attribute__((format(__printf__, 3, 4)));
+#ifndef EMSG_PRINTF
+#define EMSG_PRINTF(fmt, ...) error_message_printf(__func__, __LINE__, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
+int error_message_printf_plain(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format(__printf__, 1, 2)));
+
+int debug_message_printf(const char *func, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
+    __attribute__((format(__printf__, 3, 4)));
+#ifndef DBG_PRINTF
+#  if defined(USE_DBG_PRINTF) && USE_DBG_PRINTF // && !defined(NDEBUG)
+#    define DBG_PRINTF(fmt, ...) debug_message_printf(__func__, __LINE__, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#  else
+#    define DBG_PRINTF(fmt, ...) (void)0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+int info_message_printf(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format(__printf__, 1, 2)));
+#ifndef IMSG_PRINTF
+#define IMSG_PRINTF(fmt, ...) info_message_printf(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
+void lock_printf();
+void unlock_printf();
+
+void my_assert_func(const char *file, int line, const char *func, const char *pred)
+    __attribute__((noreturn));
+#ifdef NDEBUG           /* required by ANSI standard */
+#  define myASSERT(__e) ((void)0)
+#else
+#  define myASSERT(__e) \
+    { ((__e) ? (void)0 : my_assert_func(__func__, __LINE__, __func__, #__e)); }
+#endif    
+
+void assert_always_func(const char *file, int line, const char *func, const char *pred)
+    __attribute__((noreturn));
+#define ASSERT_ALWAYS(__e) \
+    ((__e) ? (void)0 : my_assert_func(__FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, #__e))
+
+void assert_case_is(const char *file, int line, const char *func, int v, int expected)
+    __attribute__((noreturn));
+#define ASSERT_CASE_IS(__v, __e) \
+    ((__v == __e) ? (void)0 : assert_case_is(__FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, __v, __e))
+
+void assert_case_not_func(const char *file, int line, const char *func, int v)
+    __attribute__((noreturn));
+#define ASSERT_CASE_NOT(__v) (assert_case_not_func(__FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, __v))
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG /* required by ANSI standard */
+#define DBG_ASSERT_CASE_NOT(__e) ((void)0)
+#else
+#define DBG_ASSERT_CASE_NOT(__v) (assert_case_not_func(__FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, __v))
+#endif
+static inline void dump_bytes(size_t num, uint8_t bytes[]) {
+    (void)num;
+    (void)bytes;
+    DBG_PRINTF("     ");
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("%02hhx", j);
+        if (j < 15)
+            DBG_PRINTF(" ");
+        else {
+            DBG_PRINTF("\n");
+        }
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i += 16) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("%04x ", i);
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < num; ++j) {
+            DBG_PRINTF("%02hhx", bytes[i + j]);
+            if (j < 15)
+                DBG_PRINTF(" ");
+            else {
+                DBG_PRINTF("\n");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    DBG_PRINTF("\n");
+}
+
+void dump8buf(char *buf, size_t buf_sz, uint8_t *pbytes, size_t nbytes);
+void hexdump_8(const char *s, const uint8_t *pbytes, size_t nbytes);
+bool compare_buffers_8(const char *s0, const uint8_t *pbytes0, const char *s1,
+                       const uint8_t *pbytes1, const size_t nbytes);
+
+// sz is size in BYTES!
+void hexdump_32(const char *s, const uint32_t *pwords, size_t nwords);
+// sz is size in BYTES!
+bool compare_buffers_32(const char *s0, const uint32_t *pwords0, const char *s1,
+                        const uint32_t *pwords1, const size_t nwords);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/my_rtc.h

+/* my_rtc.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+extern time_t epochtime;
+void time_init();
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/rtc.h

+/* rtc.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+extern time_t epochtime;
+void time_init();
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/sd_timeouts.h

+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t sd_command;
+    unsigned sd_command_retries;
+    unsigned sd_lock;
+    unsigned sd_spi_read;
+    unsigned sd_spi_write;
+    unsigned sd_spi_write_read;
+    unsigned spi_lock;
+    unsigned rp2040_sdio_command_R1;
+    unsigned rp2040_sdio_command_R2;
+    unsigned rp2040_sdio_command_R3;
+    unsigned rp2040_sdio_rx_poll;
+    unsigned rp2040_sdio_tx_poll;
+    unsigned sd_sdio_begin;
+    unsigned sd_sdio_stopTransmission;
+} sd_timeouts_t;
+
+extern sd_timeouts_t sd_timeouts;

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/include/util.h

+/* util.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>    
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+//
+#if PICO_RP2040
+#include "RP2040.h"
+#else
+#include "RP2350.h"
+#endif
+//
+#include "my_debug.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+// Greatest Common Divisor: Euclidian Algorithm
+// https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/euclidian-gcd-algorithm-greatest-common-divisor/
+int gcd(int a,int b);
+
+typedef int (*printer_t)(const char* format, ...);
+
+// works with negative index
+static inline int wrap_ix(int index, int n)
+{
+    return ((index % n) + n) % n;
+}
+// Calculate arr indices with wrap around (+ and -)
+static inline int mod_floor(int a, int n) {
+    return ((a % n) + n) % n;
+}
+
+__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t calculate_checksum(uint32_t const *p, size_t const size){
+	uint32_t checksum = 0;
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (size/sizeof(uint32_t))-1; i++){
+		checksum ^= *p;
+		p++;
+	}
+	return checksum;
+}
+
+static inline void ext_str(size_t const data_sz,
+                           uint8_t const data[],
+                           size_t const msb,
+                           size_t const lsb,
+                           size_t const buf_sz,
+                           char buf[]) {
+    memset(buf, 0, buf_sz);
+    size_t size = (1 + msb - lsb) / 8;  // bytes
+    size_t byte = (data_sz - 1) - (msb / 8);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        myASSERT(i < buf_sz);
+        myASSERT(byte < data_sz);
+        buf[i] = data[byte++];
+    }
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t ext_bits(size_t n_src_bytes, unsigned char const *data, int msb, int lsb) {
+    uint32_t bits = 0;
+    uint32_t size = 1 + msb - lsb;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        uint32_t position = lsb + i;
+        uint32_t byte = (n_src_bytes - 1) - (position >> 3);
+        uint32_t bit = position & 0x7;
+        uint32_t value = (data[byte] >> bit) & 1;
+        bits |= value << i;
+    }
+    return bits;
+}
+static inline uint32_t ext_bits16(unsigned char const *data, int msb, int lsb) {
+    return ext_bits(16, data, msb, lsb);
+}
+
+char const* uint8_binary_str(uint8_t number);
+char const* uint_binary_str(unsigned int number);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SDIO/SdioCard.h

+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2022 Bill Greiman
+ * This file is part of the SdFat library for SD memory cards.
+ *
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+ * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+ * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+ * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+ * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+ * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef sd_sdio_h
+#define sd_sdio_h
+#include "sd_card.h"
+
+/** Initialize the SD card.
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_begin(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+/** CMD6 Switch mode: Check Function Set Function.
+ * \param[in] arg CMD6 argument.
+ * \param[out] status return status data.
+ *
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_cardCMD6(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t arg, uint8_t *status);
+/** Disable an SDIO card.
+ * not implemented.
+ */
+// void sd_sdio_end() {}
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_SHOULD_SKIP_THIS
+uint32_t __attribute__((error("use sectorCount()"))) cardSize();
+#endif  // DOXYGEN_SHOULD_SKIP_THIS
+/** Erase a range of sectors.
+ *
+ * \param[in] firstSector The address of the first sector in the range.
+ * \param[in] lastSector The address of the last sector in the range.
+ *
+ * \note This function requests the SD card to do a flash erase for a
+ * range of sectors.  The data on the card after an erase operation is
+ * either 0 or 1, depends on the card vendor.  The card must support
+ * single sector erase.
+ *
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_erase(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t firstSector, uint32_t lastSector);
+/**
+ * \return code for the last error. See SdCardInfo.h for a list of error codes.
+ */
+uint8_t sd_sdio_errorCode() /* const */;
+/** \return error data for last error. */
+uint32_t sd_sdio_errorData() /* const */;
+/** \return error line for last error. Tmp function for debug. */
+uint32_t sd_sdio_errorLine() /* const */;
+/**
+ * Check for busy with CMD13.
+ *
+ * \return true if busy else false.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_isBusy();
+/** \return the SD clock frequency in kHz. */
+//uint32_t sd_sdio_kHzSdClk();
+/**
+ * Read a 512 byte sector from an SD card.
+ *
+ * \param[in] sector Logical sector to be read.
+ * \param[out] dst Pointer to the location that will receive the data.
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_readSector(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector, uint8_t *dst);
+/**
+ * Read multiple 512 byte sectors from an SD card.
+ *
+ * \param[in] sector Logical sector to be read.
+ * \param[in] ns Number of sectors to be read.
+ * \param[out] dst Pointer to the location that will receive the data.
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_readSectors(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector, uint8_t *dst, size_t ns);
+// Read 512-bit SD status
+bool rp2040_sdio_get_sd_status(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t response[64]);
+/** Read one data sector in a multiple sector read sequence
+ *
+ * \param[out] dst Pointer to the location for the data to be read.
+ *
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_readData(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t *dst);
+/** Read OCR register.
+ *
+ * \param[out] ocr Value of OCR register.
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_readOCR(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t *ocr);
+/** Read SCR register.
+ *
+ * \param[out] scr Value of SCR register.
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+// bool sd_sdio_readSCR(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, scr_t *scr);
+/** Start a read multiple sectors sequence.
+ *
+ * \param[in] sector Address of first sector in sequence.
+ *
+ * \note This function is used with readData() and readStop() for optimized
+ * multiple sector reads.  SPI chipSelect must be low for the entire sequence.
+ *
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+// bool sd_sdio_readStart(uint32_t sector);
+/** Start a read multiple sectors sequence.
+ *
+ * \param[in] sector Address of first sector in sequence.
+ * \param[in] count Maximum sector count.
+ * \note This function is used with readData() and readStop() for optimized
+ * multiple sector reads.  SPI chipSelect must be low for the entire sequence.
+ *
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_readStart(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector, uint32_t count);
+/** End a read multiple sectors sequence.
+ *
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_readStop(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+/** \return SDIO card status. */
+uint32_t sd_sdio_status(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+/**
+ * Determine the size of an SD flash memory card.
+ *
+ * \return The number of 512 byte data sectors in the card
+ *         or zero if an error occurs.
+ */
+uint32_t sd_sdio_sectorCount(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+/**
+ *  Send CMD12 to stop read or write.
+ *
+ * \param[in] blocking If true, wait for command complete.
+ *
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_stopTransmission(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, bool blocking);
+/** \return success if sync successful. Not for user apps. */
+//bool sd_sdio_syncDevice(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+/** Return the card type: SD V1, SD V2 or SDHC
+ * \return 0 - SD V1, 1 - SD V2, or 3 - SDHC.
+ */
+uint8_t sd_sdio_type(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) /* const */;
+/**
+ * Writes a 512 byte sector to an SD card.
+ *
+ * \param[in] sector Logical sector to be written.
+ * \param[in] src Pointer to the location of the data to be written.
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_writeSector(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector, const uint8_t *src);
+/**
+ * Write multiple 512 byte sectors to an SD card.
+ *
+ * \param[in] sector Logical sector to be written.
+ * \param[in] ns Number of sectors to be written.
+ * \param[in] src Pointer to the location of the data to be written.
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_writeSectors(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector, const uint8_t *src, size_t ns);
+/** Write one data sector in a multiple sector write sequence.
+ * \param[in] src Pointer to the location of the data to be written.
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_writeData(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t *src);
+/** Start a write multiple sectors sequence.
+ *
+ * \param[in] sector Address of first sector in sequence.
+ *
+ * \note This function is used with writeData() and writeStop()
+ * for optimized multiple sector writes.
+ *
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+// bool sd_sdio_writeStart(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector);
+/** Start a write multiple sectors sequence.
+ *
+ * \param[in] sector Address of first sector in sequence.
+ * \param[in] count Maximum sector count.
+ * \note This function is used with writeData() and writeStop()
+ * for optimized multiple sector writes.
+ *
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_writeStart(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector, uint32_t count);
+
+/** End a write multiple sectors sequence.
+ *
+ * \return true for success or false for failure.
+ */
+bool sd_sdio_writeStop(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+
+void sd_sdio_ctor(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+
+#endif  // sd_sdio_h

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SDIO/ZuluSCSI_platform.h

+// Platform-specific definitions for ZuluSCSI RP2040 hardware.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+// #include <Arduino.h>
+// #include "ZuluSCSI_platform_gpio.h"
+// #include "scsiHostPhy.h"
+#include "SdioCard.h"
+
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define delayMicroseconds sleep_us
+
+/* These are used in debug output and default SCSI strings */
+extern const char *g_azplatform_name;
+#define PLATFORM_NAME "ZuluSCSI RP2040"
+#define PLATFORM_REVISION "2.0"
+#define PLATFORM_MAX_SCSI_SPEED S2S_CFG_SPEED_SYNC_10
+#define PLATFORM_OPTIMAL_MIN_SD_WRITE_SIZE 32768
+#define PLATFORM_OPTIMAL_MAX_SD_WRITE_SIZE 65536
+#define PLATFORM_OPTIMAL_LAST_SD_WRITE_SIZE 8192
+#define SD_USE_SDIO 1
+#define PLATFORM_HAS_INITIATOR_MODE 1
+
+// NOTE: The driver supports synchronous speeds higher than 10MB/s, but this
+// has not been tested due to lack of fast enough SCSI adapter.
+// #define PLATFORM_MAX_SCSI_SPEED S2S_CFG_SPEED_TURBO
+
+// Debug logging function, can be used to print to e.g. serial port.
+// May get called from interrupt handlers.
+void azplatform_log(const char *s);
+void azplatform_emergency_log_save();
+
+#if 0
+// Timing and delay functions.
+// Arduino platform already provides these
+// unsigned long millis(void);
+void delay(unsigned long ms);
+
+// Short delays, can be called from interrupt mode
+static inline void delay_ns(unsigned long ns)
+{
+    delayMicroseconds((ns + 999) / 1000);
+}
+#endif
+
+// Approximate fast delay
+static inline void delay_100ns()
+{
+    asm volatile ("nop \n nop \n nop \n nop \n nop \n nop \n nop \n nop \n nop \n nop \n nop");
+}
+
+// Initialize SD card and GPIO configuration
+void azplatform_init();
+
+// Initialization for main application, not used for bootloader
+void azplatform_late_init();
+
+// Disable the status LED
+void azplatform_disable_led(void);
+
+// Query whether initiator mode is enabled on targets with PLATFORM_HAS_INITIATOR_MODE
+bool azplatform_is_initiator_mode_enabled();
+
+// Setup soft watchdog if supported
+void azplatform_reset_watchdog();
+
+// Set callback that will be called during data transfer to/from SD card.
+// This can be used to implement simultaneous transfer to SCSI bus.
+typedef void (*sd_callback_t)(uint32_t bytes_complete);
+void azplatform_set_sd_callback(sd_callback_t func, const uint8_t *buffer);
+
+// Reprogram firmware in main program area.
+#ifndef RP2040_DISABLE_BOOTLOADER
+#define AZPLATFORM_BOOTLOADER_SIZE (128 * 1024)
+#define AZPLATFORM_FLASH_TOTAL_SIZE (1024 * 1024)
+#define AZPLATFORM_FLASH_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+bool azplatform_rewrite_flash_page(uint32_t offset, uint8_t buffer[AZPLATFORM_FLASH_PAGE_SIZE]);
+void azplatform_boot_to_main_firmware();
+#endif
+
+// ROM drive in the unused external flash area
+#ifndef RP2040_DISABLE_ROMDRIVE
+#define PLATFORM_HAS_ROM_DRIVE 1
+// Check maximum available space for ROM drive in bytes
+uint32_t azplatform_get_romdrive_maxsize();
+
+// Read ROM drive area
+bool azplatform_read_romdrive(uint8_t *dest, uint32_t start, uint32_t count);
+
+// Reprogram ROM drive area
+#define AZPLATFORM_ROMDRIVE_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+bool azplatform_write_romdrive(const uint8_t *data, uint32_t start, uint32_t count);
+#endif
+
+// Parity lookup tables for write and read from SCSI bus.
+// These are used by macros below and the code in scsi_accel_rp2040.cpp
+extern const uint16_t g_scsi_parity_lookup[256];
+extern const uint16_t g_scsi_parity_check_lookup[512];
+
+// Below are GPIO access definitions that are used from scsiPhy.cpp.
+
+// Write a single SCSI pin.
+// Example use: SCSI_OUT(ATN, 1) sets SCSI_ATN to low (active) state.
+#define SCSI_OUT(pin, state) \
+    *(state ? &sio_hw->gpio_clr : &sio_hw->gpio_set) = 1 << (SCSI_OUT_ ## pin)
+
+// Read a single SCSI pin.
+// Example use: SCSI_IN(ATN), returns 1 for active low state.
+#define SCSI_IN(pin) \
+    ((sio_hw->gpio_in & (1 << (SCSI_IN_ ## pin))) ? 0 : 1)
+
+// Set pin directions for initiator vs. target mode
+#define SCSI_ENABLE_INITIATOR() \
+    (sio_hw->gpio_oe_set = (1 << SCSI_OUT_ACK) | \
+                           (1 << SCSI_OUT_ATN)), \
+    (sio_hw->gpio_oe_clr = (1 << SCSI_IN_IO) | \
+                           (1 << SCSI_IN_CD) | \
+                           (1 << SCSI_IN_MSG) | \
+                           (1 << SCSI_IN_REQ))
+
+// Enable driving of shared control pins
+#define SCSI_ENABLE_CONTROL_OUT() \
+    (sio_hw->gpio_oe_set = (1 << SCSI_OUT_CD) | \
+                           (1 << SCSI_OUT_MSG))
+
+// Set SCSI data bus to output
+#define SCSI_ENABLE_DATA_OUT() \
+    (sio_hw->gpio_clr = (1 << SCSI_DATA_DIR), \
+     sio_hw->gpio_oe_set = SCSI_IO_DATA_MASK)
+
+// Write SCSI data bus, also sets REQ to inactive.
+#define SCSI_OUT_DATA(data) \
+    gpio_put_masked(SCSI_IO_DATA_MASK | (1 << SCSI_OUT_REQ), \
+                    g_scsi_parity_lookup[(uint8_t)(data)] | (1 << SCSI_OUT_REQ)), \
+    SCSI_ENABLE_DATA_OUT()
+
+// Release SCSI data bus and REQ signal
+#define SCSI_RELEASE_DATA_REQ() \
+    (sio_hw->gpio_oe_clr = SCSI_IO_DATA_MASK, \
+     sio_hw->gpio_set = (1 << SCSI_DATA_DIR) | (1 << SCSI_OUT_REQ))
+
+// Release all SCSI outputs
+#define SCSI_RELEASE_OUTPUTS() \
+    SCSI_RELEASE_DATA_REQ(), \
+    sio_hw->gpio_oe_clr = (1 << SCSI_OUT_CD) | \
+                          (1 << SCSI_OUT_MSG), \
+    sio_hw->gpio_set = (1 << SCSI_OUT_IO) | \
+                       (1 << SCSI_OUT_CD) | \
+                       (1 << SCSI_OUT_MSG) | \
+                       (1 << SCSI_OUT_RST) | \
+                       (1 << SCSI_OUT_BSY) | \
+                       (1 << SCSI_OUT_REQ) | \
+                       (1 << SCSI_OUT_SEL)
+
+// Read SCSI data bus
+#define SCSI_IN_DATA() \
+    (~sio_hw->gpio_in & SCSI_IO_DATA_MASK) >> SCSI_IO_SHIFT
+
+// SD card driver for SdFat
+
+#ifdef SD_USE_SDIO
+struct SdioConfig;
+// extern SdioConfig g_sd_sdio_config;
+// #define SD_CONFIG g_sd_sdio_config
+#define SD_CONFIG_CRASH g_sd_sdio_config
+#else
+struct SdSpiConfig;
+extern SdSpiConfig g_sd_spi_config;
+#define SD_CONFIG g_sd_spi_config
+#define SD_CONFIG_CRASH g_sd_spi_config
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SDIO/rp2040_sdio.c

+// Implementation of SDIO communication for RP2040
+//
+// The RP2040 official work-in-progress code at
+// https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-extras/tree/master/src/rp2_common/pico_sd_card
+// may be useful reference, but this is independent implementation.
+//
+// For official SDIO specifications, refer to:
+// https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/
+// "SDIO Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 8.00"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+//
+#include "hardware/dma.h"
+#include "hardware/gpio.h"
+#include "hardware/pio.h"
+#if PICO_RP2040
+#include "RP2040.h"
+#else
+#include "RP2350.h"
+#endif
+//
+#include "dma_interrupts.h"
+#include "hw_config.h"
+#include "rp2040_sdio.h"
+#include "rp2040_sdio.pio.h"
+#include "delays.h"
+#include "sd_card.h"
+#include "sd_timeouts.h"
+#include "my_debug.h"
+#include "util.h"
+//
+#include "rp2040_sdio.h"
+
+#define azdbg(arg1, ...) {\
+    DBG_PRINTF("%s,%s:%d %s\n", __func__, __FILE__, __LINE__, arg1); \
+}
+
+#define STATE sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->state
+#define SDIO_PIO sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->SDIO_PIO
+#define SDIO_CMD_SM STATE.SDIO_CMD_SM
+#define SDIO_DATA_SM STATE.SDIO_DATA_SM
+#define SDIO_DMA_CH STATE.SDIO_DMA_CH
+#define SDIO_DMA_CHB STATE.SDIO_DMA_CHB
+
+#define SDIO_CMD sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->CMD_gpio
+#define SDIO_CLK sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->CLK_gpio
+#define SDIO_D0 sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D0_gpio
+#define SDIO_D1 sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D1_gpio
+#define SDIO_D2 sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D2_gpio
+#define SDIO_D3 sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D3_gpio
+
+
+// Force everything to idle state
+static sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_stop();
+
+/*******************************************************
+ * Checksum algorithms
+ *******************************************************/
+
+// Table lookup for calculating CRC-7 checksum that is used in SDIO command packets.
+// Usage:
+//    uint8_t crc = 0;
+//    crc = crc7_table[crc ^ byte];
+//    .. repeat for every byte ..
+static const uint8_t crc7_table[256] = {
+	0x00, 0x12, 0x24, 0x36, 0x48, 0x5a, 0x6c, 0x7e,	0x90, 0x82, 0xb4, 0xa6, 0xd8, 0xca, 0xfc, 0xee,
+	0x32, 0x20, 0x16, 0x04, 0x7a, 0x68, 0x5e, 0x4c,	0xa2, 0xb0, 0x86, 0x94, 0xea, 0xf8, 0xce, 0xdc,
+	0x64, 0x76, 0x40, 0x52, 0x2c, 0x3e, 0x08, 0x1a,	0xf4, 0xe6, 0xd0, 0xc2, 0xbc, 0xae, 0x98, 0x8a,
+	0x56, 0x44, 0x72, 0x60, 0x1e, 0x0c, 0x3a, 0x28,	0xc6, 0xd4, 0xe2, 0xf0, 0x8e, 0x9c, 0xaa, 0xb8,
+	0xc8, 0xda, 0xec, 0xfe, 0x80, 0x92, 0xa4, 0xb6,	0x58, 0x4a, 0x7c, 0x6e, 0x10, 0x02, 0x34, 0x26,
+	0xfa, 0xe8, 0xde, 0xcc, 0xb2, 0xa0, 0x96, 0x84,	0x6a, 0x78, 0x4e, 0x5c, 0x22, 0x30, 0x06, 0x14,
+	0xac, 0xbe, 0x88, 0x9a, 0xe4, 0xf6, 0xc0, 0xd2,	0x3c, 0x2e, 0x18, 0x0a, 0x74, 0x66, 0x50, 0x42,
+	0x9e, 0x8c, 0xba, 0xa8, 0xd6, 0xc4, 0xf2, 0xe0,	0x0e, 0x1c, 0x2a, 0x38, 0x46, 0x54, 0x62, 0x70,
+	0x82, 0x90, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xca, 0xd8, 0xee, 0xfc,	0x12, 0x00, 0x36, 0x24, 0x5a, 0x48, 0x7e, 0x6c,
+	0xb0, 0xa2, 0x94, 0x86, 0xf8, 0xea, 0xdc, 0xce,	0x20, 0x32, 0x04, 0x16, 0x68, 0x7a, 0x4c, 0x5e,
+	0xe6, 0xf4, 0xc2, 0xd0, 0xae, 0xbc, 0x8a, 0x98,	0x76, 0x64, 0x52, 0x40, 0x3e, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x08,
+	0xd4, 0xc6, 0xf0, 0xe2, 0x9c, 0x8e, 0xb8, 0xaa,	0x44, 0x56, 0x60, 0x72, 0x0c, 0x1e, 0x28, 0x3a,
+	0x4a, 0x58, 0x6e, 0x7c, 0x02, 0x10, 0x26, 0x34,	0xda, 0xc8, 0xfe, 0xec, 0x92, 0x80, 0xb6, 0xa4,
+	0x78, 0x6a, 0x5c, 0x4e, 0x30, 0x22, 0x14, 0x06,	0xe8, 0xfa, 0xcc, 0xde, 0xa0, 0xb2, 0x84, 0x96,
+	0x2e, 0x3c, 0x0a, 0x18, 0x66, 0x74, 0x42, 0x50,	0xbe, 0xac, 0x9a, 0x88, 0xf6, 0xe4, 0xd2, 0xc0,
+	0x1c, 0x0e, 0x38, 0x2a, 0x54, 0x46, 0x70, 0x62,	0x8c, 0x9e, 0xa8, 0xba, 0xc4, 0xd6, 0xe0, 0xf2
+};
+
+// Calculate the CRC16 checksum for parallel 4 bit lines separately.
+// When the SDIO bus operates in 4-bit mode, the CRC16 algorithm
+// is applied to each line separately and generates total of
+// 4 x 16 = 64 bits of checksum.
+__attribute__((optimize("Ofast")))
+uint64_t sdio_crc16_4bit_checksum(uint32_t *data, uint32_t num_words)
+{
+    uint64_t crc = 0;
+    uint32_t *end = data + num_words;
+    while (data < end)
+    {
+        for (int unroll = 0; unroll < 4; unroll++)
+        {
+            // Each 32-bit word contains 8 bits per line.
+            // Reverse the bytes because SDIO protocol is big-endian.
+            uint32_t data_in = __builtin_bswap32(*data++);
+
+            // Shift out 8 bits for each line
+            uint32_t data_out = crc >> 32;
+            crc <<= 32;
+
+            // XOR outgoing data to itself with 4 bit delay
+            data_out ^= (data_out >> 16);
+
+            // XOR incoming data to outgoing data with 4 bit delay
+            data_out ^= (data_in >> 16);
+
+            // XOR outgoing and incoming data to accumulator at each tap
+            uint64_t xorred = data_out ^ data_in;
+            crc ^= xorred;
+            crc ^= xorred << (5 * 4);
+            crc ^= xorred << (12 * 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return crc;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************
+ * Basic SDIO command execution
+ *******************************************************/
+
+static void sdio_send_command(const sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t command, uint32_t arg, uint8_t response_bits)
+{
+    // azdbg("SDIO Command: ", (int)command, " arg ", arg);
+
+    // Format the arguments in the way expected by the PIO code.
+    uint32_t word0 =
+        (47 << 24) | // Number of bits in command minus one
+        ( 1 << 22) | // Transfer direction from host to card
+        (command << 16) | // Command byte
+        (((arg >> 24) & 0xFF) << 8) | // MSB byte of argument
+        (((arg >> 16) & 0xFF) << 0);
+    
+    uint32_t word1 =
+        (((arg >> 8) & 0xFF) << 24) |
+        (((arg >> 0) & 0xFF) << 16) | // LSB byte of argument
+        ( 1 << 8); // End bit
+
+    // Set number of bits in response minus one, or leave at 0 if no response expected
+    if (response_bits)
+    {
+        word1 |= ((response_bits - 1) << 0);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate checksum in the order that the bytes will be transmitted (big-endian)
+    uint8_t crc = 0;
+    crc = crc7_table[crc ^ ((word0 >> 16) & 0xFF)];
+    crc = crc7_table[crc ^ ((word0 >>  8) & 0xFF)];
+    crc = crc7_table[crc ^ ((word0 >>  0) & 0xFF)];
+    crc = crc7_table[crc ^ ((word1 >> 24) & 0xFF)];
+    crc = crc7_table[crc ^ ((word1 >> 16) & 0xFF)];
+    word1 |= crc << 8;
+    
+    // Transmit command
+    pio_sm_clear_fifos(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+    pio_sm_put(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM, word0);
+    pio_sm_put(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM, word1);
+}
+
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t command, uint32_t arg, uint32_t *response)
+{
+    sdio_send_command(sd_card_p, command, arg, response ? 48 : 0);
+
+    // Wait for response
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    uint32_t wait_words = response ? 2 : 1;
+    while (pio_sm_get_rx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM) < wait_words)
+    {
+        if ((uint32_t)(millis() - start) > sd_timeouts.rp2040_sdio_command_R1)
+        {
+            if (command != 8) // Don't log for missing SD card
+            {
+                azdbg("Timeout waiting for response in rp2040_sdio_command_R1(", (int)command, "), ",
+                    "PIO PC: ", (int)pio_sm_get_pc(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM) - (int)STATE.pio_cmd_clk_offset,
+                    " RXF: ", (int)pio_sm_get_rx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM),
+                    " TXF: ", (int)pio_sm_get_tx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM));
+                EMSG_PRINTF("%s: Timeout waiting for response in rp2040_sdio_command_R1(0x%hx)\n", __func__, command);
+            }
+
+            // Reset the state machine program
+            pio_sm_clear_fifos(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+            pio_sm_exec(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM, pio_encode_jmp(STATE.pio_cmd_clk_offset));
+            return SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (response)
+    {
+        // Read out response packet
+        uint32_t resp0 = pio_sm_get(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+        uint32_t resp1 = pio_sm_get(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+        // azdbg("SDIO R1 response: ", resp0, " ", resp1);
+
+        // Calculate response checksum
+        uint8_t crc = 0;
+        crc = crc7_table[crc ^ ((resp0 >> 24) & 0xFF)];
+        crc = crc7_table[crc ^ ((resp0 >> 16) & 0xFF)];
+        crc = crc7_table[crc ^ ((resp0 >>  8) & 0xFF)];
+        crc = crc7_table[crc ^ ((resp0 >>  0) & 0xFF)];
+        crc = crc7_table[crc ^ ((resp1 >>  8) & 0xFF)];
+
+        uint8_t actual_crc = ((resp1 >> 0) & 0xFE);
+        if (crc != actual_crc)
+        {
+            // azdbg("rp2040_sdio_command_R1(", (int)command, "): CRC error, calculated ", crc, " packet has ", actual_crc);
+            EMSG_PRINTF("rp2040_sdio_command_R1(%d): CRC error, calculated 0x%hx, packet has 0x%hx\n", command, crc, actual_crc);
+            return SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_CRC;
+        }
+
+        uint8_t response_cmd = ((resp0 >> 24) & 0xFF);
+        if (response_cmd != command && command != 41)
+        {
+            // azdbg("rp2040_sdio_command_R1(", (int)command, "): received reply for ", (int)response_cmd);
+            EMSG_PRINTF("%d rp2040_sdio_command_R1(%d): received reply for %d\n", __LINE__, command, response_cmd);
+            return SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_CODE;
+        }
+
+        *response = ((resp0 & 0xFFFFFF) << 8) | ((resp1 >> 8) & 0xFF);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Read out dummy marker
+        pio_sm_get(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+    }
+
+    return SDIO_OK;
+}
+
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_command_R2(const sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t command, uint32_t arg, uint8_t *response)
+{
+    // The response is too long to fit in the PIO FIFO, so use DMA to receive it.
+    pio_sm_clear_fifos(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+    uint32_t response_buf[5];
+    dma_channel_config dmacfg = dma_channel_get_default_config(SDIO_DMA_CH);
+    channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(&dmacfg, DMA_SIZE_32);
+    channel_config_set_read_increment(&dmacfg, false);
+    channel_config_set_write_increment(&dmacfg, true);
+    channel_config_set_dreq(&dmacfg, pio_get_dreq(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM, false));
+    dma_channel_configure(SDIO_DMA_CH, &dmacfg, &response_buf, &SDIO_PIO->rxf[SDIO_CMD_SM], 5, true);
+
+    sdio_send_command(sd_card_p, command, arg, 136);
+
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    while (dma_channel_is_busy(SDIO_DMA_CH))
+    {
+        if ((uint32_t)(millis() - start) > sd_timeouts.rp2040_sdio_command_R2)
+        {
+            azdbg("Timeout waiting for response in rp2040_sdio_command_R2(", (int)command, "), ",
+                  "PIO PC: ", (int)pio_sm_get_pc(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM) - (int)STATE.pio_cmd_clk_offset,
+                  " RXF: ", (int)pio_sm_get_rx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM),
+                  " TXF: ", (int)pio_sm_get_tx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM));
+
+            // Reset the state machine program
+            dma_channel_abort(SDIO_DMA_CH);
+            pio_sm_clear_fifos(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+            pio_sm_exec(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM, pio_encode_jmp(STATE.pio_cmd_clk_offset));
+            return SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    dma_channel_abort(SDIO_DMA_CH);
+
+    // Copy the response payload to output buffer
+    response[0]  = ((response_buf[0] >> 16) & 0xFF);
+    response[1]  = ((response_buf[0] >>  8) & 0xFF);
+    response[2]  = ((response_buf[0] >>  0) & 0xFF);
+    response[3]  = ((response_buf[1] >> 24) & 0xFF);
+    response[4]  = ((response_buf[1] >> 16) & 0xFF);
+    response[5]  = ((response_buf[1] >>  8) & 0xFF);
+    response[6]  = ((response_buf[1] >>  0) & 0xFF);
+    response[7]  = ((response_buf[2] >> 24) & 0xFF);
+    response[8]  = ((response_buf[2] >> 16) & 0xFF);
+    response[9]  = ((response_buf[2] >>  8) & 0xFF);
+    response[10] = ((response_buf[2] >>  0) & 0xFF);
+    response[11] = ((response_buf[3] >> 24) & 0xFF);
+    response[12] = ((response_buf[3] >> 16) & 0xFF);
+    response[13] = ((response_buf[3] >>  8) & 0xFF);
+    response[14] = ((response_buf[3] >>  0) & 0xFF);
+    response[15] = ((response_buf[4] >>  0) & 0xFF);
+
+    // Calculate checksum of the payload
+    uint8_t crc = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++)
+    {
+        crc = crc7_table[crc ^ response[i]];
+    }
+
+    uint8_t actual_crc = response[15] & 0xFE;
+    if (crc != actual_crc)
+    {
+        azdbg("rp2040_sdio_command_R2(", (int)command, "): CRC error, calculated ", crc, " packet has ", actual_crc);
+        return SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_CRC;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t response_cmd = ((response_buf[0] >> 24) & 0xFF);
+    if (response_cmd != 0x3F)
+    {
+        azdbg("rp2040_sdio_command_R2(", (int)command, "): Expected reply code 0x3F");
+        return SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_CODE;
+    }
+
+    return SDIO_OK;
+}
+
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_command_R3(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t command, uint32_t arg, uint32_t *response)
+{
+    sdio_send_command(sd_card_p, command, arg, 48);
+
+    // Wait for response
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    while (pio_sm_get_rx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM) < 2)
+    {
+        if ((uint32_t)(millis() - start) > sd_timeouts.rp2040_sdio_command_R3)
+        {
+            azdbg("Timeout waiting for response in rp2040_sdio_command_R3(", (int)command, "), ",
+                  "PIO PC: ", (int)pio_sm_get_pc(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM) - (int)STATE.pio_cmd_clk_offset,
+                  " RXF: ", (int)pio_sm_get_rx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM),
+                  " TXF: ", (int)pio_sm_get_tx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM));
+
+            // Reset the state machine program
+            pio_sm_clear_fifos(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+            pio_sm_exec(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM, pio_encode_jmp(STATE.pio_cmd_clk_offset));
+            return SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Read out response packet
+    uint32_t resp0 = pio_sm_get(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+    uint32_t resp1 = pio_sm_get(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+    *response = ((resp0 & 0xFFFFFF) << 8) | ((resp1 >> 8) & 0xFF);
+    // azdbg("SDIO R3 response: ", resp0, " ", resp1);
+
+    return SDIO_OK;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************
+ * Data reception from SD card
+ *******************************************************/
+
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_rx_start(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t num_blocks, size_t block_size)
+{
+    // Buffer must be aligned
+    assert(((uint32_t)buffer & 3) == 0 && num_blocks <= SDIO_MAX_BLOCKS);
+
+    STATE.transfer_state = SDIO_RX;
+    STATE.transfer_start_time = millis();
+    STATE.data_buf = (uint32_t*)buffer;
+    STATE.blocks_done = 0;
+    STATE.total_blocks = num_blocks;
+    STATE.blocks_checksumed = 0;
+    STATE.checksum_errors = 0;
+
+    // Create DMA block descriptors to store each block of 512 bytes of data to buffer
+    // and then 8 bytes to STATE.received_checksums.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
+    {
+        STATE.dma_blocks[i * 2].write_addr = buffer + i * block_size;
+        STATE.dma_blocks[i * 2].transfer_count = block_size / sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+        STATE.dma_blocks[i * 2 + 1].write_addr = &STATE.received_checksums[i];
+        STATE.dma_blocks[i * 2 + 1].transfer_count = 2;
+    }
+    STATE.dma_blocks[num_blocks * 2].write_addr = 0;
+    STATE.dma_blocks[num_blocks * 2].transfer_count = 0;
+
+    // Configure first DMA channel for reading from the PIO RX fifo
+    dma_channel_config dmacfg = dma_channel_get_default_config(SDIO_DMA_CH);
+    channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(&dmacfg, DMA_SIZE_32);
+    channel_config_set_read_increment(&dmacfg, false);
+    channel_config_set_write_increment(&dmacfg, true);
+    channel_config_set_dreq(&dmacfg, pio_get_dreq(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, false));
+    channel_config_set_bswap(&dmacfg, true);
+    channel_config_set_chain_to(&dmacfg, SDIO_DMA_CHB);
+    dma_channel_configure(SDIO_DMA_CH, &dmacfg, 0, &SDIO_PIO->rxf[SDIO_DATA_SM], 0, false);
+
+    // Configure second DMA channel for reconfiguring the first one
+    dmacfg = dma_channel_get_default_config(SDIO_DMA_CHB);
+    channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(&dmacfg, DMA_SIZE_32);
+    channel_config_set_read_increment(&dmacfg, true);
+    channel_config_set_write_increment(&dmacfg, true);
+    channel_config_set_ring(&dmacfg, true, 3);
+    dma_channel_configure(SDIO_DMA_CHB, &dmacfg, &dma_hw->ch[SDIO_DMA_CH].al1_write_addr,
+        STATE.dma_blocks, 2, false);
+
+    // Initialize PIO state machine
+    pio_sm_init(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, STATE.pio_data_rx_offset, &STATE.pio_cfg_data_rx);
+    pio_sm_set_consecutive_pindirs(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, SDIO_D0, 4, false);
+
+    // Write number of nibbles to receive to Y register
+    pio_sm_put(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, block_size * 2 + 16 - 1);
+    pio_sm_exec(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, pio_encode_out(pio_y, 32));
+
+    // Enable RX FIFO join because we don't need the TX FIFO during transfer.
+    // This gives more leeway for the DMA block switching
+    SDIO_PIO->sm[SDIO_DATA_SM].shiftctrl |= PIO_SM0_SHIFTCTRL_FJOIN_RX_BITS;
+
+    // Start PIO and DMA
+    dma_channel_start(SDIO_DMA_CHB);
+    pio_sm_set_enabled(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, true);
+
+    return SDIO_OK;
+}
+
+// Check checksums for received blocks
+static void sdio_verify_rx_checksums(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t maxcount, size_t block_size_words)
+{
+    while (STATE.blocks_checksumed < STATE.blocks_done && maxcount-- > 0)
+    {
+        // Calculate checksum from received data
+        int blockidx = STATE.blocks_checksumed++;
+        uint64_t checksum = sdio_crc16_4bit_checksum(STATE.data_buf + blockidx * block_size_words,
+                                                     block_size_words);
+
+        // Convert received checksum to little-endian format
+        uint32_t top = __builtin_bswap32(STATE.received_checksums[blockidx].top);
+        uint32_t bottom = __builtin_bswap32(STATE.received_checksums[blockidx].bottom);
+        uint64_t expected = ((uint64_t)top << 32) | bottom;
+
+        if (checksum != expected)
+        {
+            STATE.checksum_errors++;
+            if (STATE.checksum_errors == 1)
+            {
+                EMSG_PRINTF("SDIO checksum error in reception: block %d calculated 0x%llx expected 0x%llx\n",
+                    blockidx, checksum, expected);
+                dump_bytes(block_size_words, (uint8_t *)STATE.data_buf + blockidx * block_size_words);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_rx_poll(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, size_t block_size_words)
+{
+    // Was everything done when the previous rx_poll() finished?
+    if (STATE.blocks_done >= STATE.total_blocks)
+    {
+        STATE.transfer_state = SDIO_IDLE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Use the idle time to calculate checksums
+        sdio_verify_rx_checksums(sd_card_p, 4, block_size_words);
+
+        // Check how many DMA control blocks have been consumed
+        uint32_t dma_ctrl_block_count = (dma_hw->ch[SDIO_DMA_CHB].read_addr - (uint32_t)&STATE.dma_blocks);
+        dma_ctrl_block_count /= sizeof(STATE.dma_blocks[0]);
+
+        // Compute how many complete SDIO blocks have been transferred
+        // When transfer ends, dma_ctrl_block_count == STATE.total_blocks * 2 + 1
+        STATE.blocks_done = (dma_ctrl_block_count - 1) / 2;
+
+        // NOTE: When all blocks are done, rx_poll() still returns SDIO_BUSY once.
+        // This provides a chance to start the SCSI transfer before the last checksums
+        // are computed. Any checksum failures can be indicated in SCSI status after
+        // the data transfer has finished.
+    }
+
+    if (STATE.transfer_state == SDIO_IDLE)
+    {
+        // Verify all remaining checksums.
+        sdio_verify_rx_checksums(sd_card_p, STATE.total_blocks, block_size_words);
+
+        if (STATE.checksum_errors == 0)
+            return SDIO_OK;
+        else
+            return SDIO_ERR_DATA_CRC;
+    }
+    else if (millis() - STATE.transfer_start_time >= sd_timeouts.rp2040_sdio_rx_poll)
+    {
+        azdbg("rp2040_sdio_rx_poll() timeout, "
+            "PIO PC: ", (int)pio_sm_get_pc(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM) - (int)STATE.pio_data_rx_offset,
+            " RXF: ", (int)pio_sm_get_rx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM),
+            " TXF: ", (int)pio_sm_get_tx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM),
+            " DMA CNT: ", dma_hw->ch[SDIO_DMA_CH].al2_transfer_count);
+        rp2040_sdio_stop(sd_card_p);
+        return SDIO_ERR_DATA_TIMEOUT;
+    }
+
+    return SDIO_BUSY;
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************
+ * Data transmission to SD card
+ *******************************************************/
+
+static void sdio_start_next_block_tx(sd_card_t *sd_card_p)
+{
+    // Initialize PIO
+    pio_sm_init(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, STATE.pio_data_tx_offset, &STATE.pio_cfg_data_tx);
+    
+    // Configure DMA to send the data block payload (512 bytes)
+    dma_channel_config dmacfg = dma_channel_get_default_config(SDIO_DMA_CH);
+    channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(&dmacfg, DMA_SIZE_32);
+    channel_config_set_read_increment(&dmacfg, true);
+    channel_config_set_write_increment(&dmacfg, false);
+    channel_config_set_dreq(&dmacfg, pio_get_dreq(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, true));
+    channel_config_set_bswap(&dmacfg, true);
+    channel_config_set_chain_to(&dmacfg, SDIO_DMA_CHB);
+    dma_channel_configure(SDIO_DMA_CH, &dmacfg,
+        &SDIO_PIO->txf[SDIO_DATA_SM], STATE.data_buf + STATE.blocks_done * SDIO_WORDS_PER_BLOCK,
+        SDIO_WORDS_PER_BLOCK, false);
+
+    // Prepare second DMA channel to send the CRC and block end marker
+    uint64_t crc = STATE.next_wr_block_checksum;
+    STATE.end_token_buf[0] = (uint32_t)(crc >> 32);
+    STATE.end_token_buf[1] = (uint32_t)(crc >>  0);
+    STATE.end_token_buf[2] = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    channel_config_set_bswap(&dmacfg, false);
+    dma_channel_configure(SDIO_DMA_CHB, &dmacfg,
+        &SDIO_PIO->txf[SDIO_DATA_SM], STATE.end_token_buf, 3, false);
+
+    // Enable IRQ to trigger when block is done
+    switch (sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->DMA_IRQ_num) {
+        case DMA_IRQ_0:
+            // Clear any pending interrupt service request:
+            dma_hw->ints0 = 1 << SDIO_DMA_CHB;
+            dma_channel_set_irq0_enabled(SDIO_DMA_CHB, true);
+            break;
+        case DMA_IRQ_1:
+            // Clear any pending interrupt service request:
+            dma_hw->ints1 = 1 << SDIO_DMA_CHB;
+            dma_channel_set_irq1_enabled(SDIO_DMA_CHB, true);
+            break;
+        default:
+            assert(false);
+    }
+
+    // Initialize register X with nibble count and register Y with response bit count
+    pio_sm_put(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, 1048);
+    pio_sm_exec(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, pio_encode_out(pio_x, 32));
+    pio_sm_put(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, 31);
+    pio_sm_exec(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, pio_encode_out(pio_y, 32));
+    
+    // Initialize pins to output and high
+    pio_sm_exec(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, pio_encode_set(pio_pins, 15));
+    pio_sm_exec(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, pio_encode_set(pio_pindirs, 15));
+
+    // Write start token and start the DMA transfer.
+    pio_sm_put(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, 0xFFFFFFF0);
+    dma_channel_start(SDIO_DMA_CH);
+    
+    // Start state machine
+    pio_sm_set_enabled(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, true);
+}
+
+static void sdio_compute_next_tx_checksum(sd_card_t *sd_card_p)
+{
+    assert (STATE.blocks_done < STATE.total_blocks && STATE.blocks_checksumed < STATE.total_blocks);
+    int blockidx = STATE.blocks_checksumed++;
+    STATE.next_wr_block_checksum = sdio_crc16_4bit_checksum(STATE.data_buf + blockidx * SDIO_WORDS_PER_BLOCK,
+                                                             SDIO_WORDS_PER_BLOCK);
+}
+
+// Start transferring data from memory to SD card
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_tx_start(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t num_blocks)
+{
+    // Buffer must be aligned
+    assert(((uint32_t)buffer & 3) == 0 && num_blocks <= SDIO_MAX_BLOCKS);
+
+    STATE.transfer_state = SDIO_TX;
+    STATE.transfer_start_time = millis();
+    STATE.data_buf = (uint32_t*)buffer;
+    STATE.blocks_done = 0;
+    STATE.total_blocks = num_blocks;
+    STATE.blocks_checksumed = 0;
+    STATE.checksum_errors = 0;
+
+    // Compute first block checksum
+    sdio_compute_next_tx_checksum(sd_card_p);
+
+    // Start first DMA transfer and PIO
+    sdio_start_next_block_tx(sd_card_p);
+
+    if (STATE.blocks_checksumed < STATE.total_blocks)
+    {
+        // Precompute second block checksum
+        sdio_compute_next_tx_checksum(sd_card_p);
+    }
+
+    return SDIO_OK;
+}
+
+static sdio_status_t check_sdio_write_response(uint32_t card_response)
+{
+    // Shift card response until top bit is 0 (the start bit)
+    // The format of response is poorly documented in SDIO spec but refer to e.g.
+    // http://my-cool-projects.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-mysterious-sd-card-crc-status.html
+    uint32_t resp = card_response;
+    if (!(~resp & 0xFFFF0000)) resp <<= 16;
+    if (!(~resp & 0xFF000000)) resp <<= 8;
+    if (!(~resp & 0xF0000000)) resp <<= 4;
+    if (!(~resp & 0xC0000000)) resp <<= 2;
+    if (!(~resp & 0x80000000)) resp <<= 1;
+
+    uint32_t wr_status = (resp >> 28) & 7;
+
+    if (wr_status == 2)
+    {
+        return SDIO_OK;
+    }
+    else if (wr_status == 5)
+    {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("SDIO card reports write CRC error, status %lx\n", card_response);
+        return SDIO_ERR_WRITE_CRC;    
+    }
+    else if (wr_status == 6)
+    {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("SDIO card reports write failure, status %lx\n", card_response);
+        return SDIO_ERR_WRITE_FAIL;    
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("SDIO card reports unknown write status %lx\n", card_response);
+        return SDIO_ERR_WRITE_FAIL;    
+    }
+}
+
+// When a block finishes, this IRQ handler starts the next one
+void sdio_irq_handler(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    if (STATE.transfer_state == SDIO_TX)
+    {
+        if (!dma_channel_is_busy(SDIO_DMA_CH) && !dma_channel_is_busy(SDIO_DMA_CHB))
+        {
+            // Main data transfer is finished now.
+            // When card is ready, PIO will put card response on RX fifo
+            STATE.transfer_state = SDIO_TX_WAIT_IDLE;
+            if (!pio_sm_is_rx_fifo_empty(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM))
+            {
+                // Card is already idle
+                STATE.card_response = pio_sm_get(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Use DMA to wait for the response
+                dma_channel_config dmacfg = dma_channel_get_default_config(SDIO_DMA_CHB);
+                channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(&dmacfg, DMA_SIZE_32);
+                channel_config_set_read_increment(&dmacfg, false);
+                channel_config_set_write_increment(&dmacfg, false);
+                channel_config_set_dreq(&dmacfg, pio_get_dreq(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, false));
+                dma_channel_configure(SDIO_DMA_CHB, &dmacfg,
+                    &STATE.card_response, &SDIO_PIO->rxf[SDIO_DATA_SM], 1, true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if (STATE.transfer_state == SDIO_TX_WAIT_IDLE)
+    {
+        if (!dma_channel_is_busy(SDIO_DMA_CHB))
+        {
+            STATE.wr_status = check_sdio_write_response(STATE.card_response);
+
+            if (STATE.wr_status != SDIO_OK)
+            {
+                rp2040_sdio_stop(sd_card_p);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            STATE.blocks_done++;
+            if (STATE.blocks_done < STATE.total_blocks)
+            {
+                sdio_start_next_block_tx(sd_card_p);
+                STATE.transfer_state = SDIO_TX;
+
+                if (STATE.blocks_checksumed < STATE.total_blocks)
+                {
+                    // Precompute the CRC for next block so that it is ready when
+                    // we want to send it.
+                    sdio_compute_next_tx_checksum(sd_card_p);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                rp2040_sdio_stop(sd_card_p);
+            }
+        }    
+    }
+}
+
+// Check if transmission is complete
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_tx_poll(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t *bytes_complete)
+{
+    if (SCB->ICSR & SCB_ICSR_VECTACTIVE_Msk)
+    {
+        // Verify that IRQ handler gets called even if we are in hardfault handler
+        sdio_irq_handler(sd_card_p);
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_complete)
+    {
+        *bytes_complete = STATE.blocks_done * SDIO_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    if (STATE.transfer_state == SDIO_IDLE)
+    {
+        rp2040_sdio_stop(sd_card_p);
+        return STATE.wr_status;
+    }
+    else if (millis() - STATE.transfer_start_time >= sd_timeouts.rp2040_sdio_tx_poll)
+    {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("rp2040_sdio_tx_poll() timeout\n");
+        DBG_PRINTF("rp2040_sdio_tx_poll() timeout, "
+            "PIO PC: %d"
+            " RXF: %d"
+            " TXF: %d"
+            " DMA CNT: %lu\n",
+            (int)pio_sm_get_pc(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM) - (int)STATE.pio_data_tx_offset,
+            (int)pio_sm_get_rx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM),
+            (int)pio_sm_get_tx_fifo_level(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM),
+            dma_hw->ch[SDIO_DMA_CH].al2_transfer_count
+        );
+        rp2040_sdio_stop(sd_card_p);
+        return SDIO_ERR_DATA_TIMEOUT;
+    }
+
+    return SDIO_BUSY;
+}
+
+// Force everything to idle state
+static sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_stop(sd_card_t *sd_card_p)
+{
+    dma_channel_abort(SDIO_DMA_CH);
+    dma_channel_abort(SDIO_DMA_CHB);
+    switch (sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->DMA_IRQ_num) {
+    case DMA_IRQ_0:
+            dma_channel_set_irq0_enabled(SDIO_DMA_CHB, false);
+        break;
+    case DMA_IRQ_1:
+            dma_channel_set_irq1_enabled(SDIO_DMA_CHB, false);
+        break;
+    default:
+        myASSERT(false);
+    }
+
+    pio_sm_set_enabled(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, false);
+    pio_sm_set_consecutive_pindirs(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, SDIO_D0, 4, false);    
+    STATE.transfer_state = SDIO_IDLE;
+    return SDIO_OK;
+}
+
+bool rp2040_sdio_init(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, float clk_div) {
+    // Mark resources as being in use, unless it has been done already.
+    if (!STATE.resources_claimed) {
+
+        if (!SDIO_PIO)
+            SDIO_PIO = pio0; // Default
+        if (!sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->DMA_IRQ_num)
+            sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->DMA_IRQ_num = DMA_IRQ_0; // Default
+
+        // pio_sm_claim(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM);
+        // int pio_claim_unused_sm(PIO pio, bool required);
+        SDIO_CMD_SM = pio_claim_unused_sm(SDIO_PIO, true);
+        // pio_sm_claim(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM);
+        SDIO_DATA_SM = pio_claim_unused_sm(SDIO_PIO, true);
+        // dma_channel_claim(SDIO_DMA_CH);
+        SDIO_DMA_CH = dma_claim_unused_channel(true);
+        // dma_channel_claim(SDIO_DMA_CHB);
+        SDIO_DMA_CHB = dma_claim_unused_channel(true);
+
+        /* Set up IRQ handler for when DMA completes. */
+        dma_irq_add_handler(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->DMA_IRQ_num,
+                            sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->use_exclusive_DMA_IRQ_handler);
+
+        STATE.resources_claimed = true;
+    }
+
+    dma_channel_abort(SDIO_DMA_CH);
+    dma_channel_abort(SDIO_DMA_CHB);
+    pio_sm_set_enabled(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM, false);
+    pio_sm_set_enabled(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_DATA_SM, false);
+
+    // Load PIO programs
+    pio_clear_instruction_memory(SDIO_PIO);
+
+    // Command & clock state machine
+    STATE.pio_cmd_clk_offset = pio_add_program(SDIO_PIO, &sdio_cmd_clk_program);
+    pio_sm_config cfg = sdio_cmd_clk_program_get_default_config(STATE.pio_cmd_clk_offset);
+    sm_config_set_out_pins(&cfg, SDIO_CMD, 1);
+    sm_config_set_in_pins(&cfg, SDIO_CMD);
+    sm_config_set_set_pins(&cfg, SDIO_CMD, 1);
+    sm_config_set_jmp_pin(&cfg, SDIO_CMD);
+    sm_config_set_sideset_pins(&cfg, SDIO_CLK);
+    sm_config_set_out_shift(&cfg, false, true, 32);
+    sm_config_set_in_shift(&cfg, false, true, 32);
+    sm_config_set_clkdiv(&cfg, clk_div);
+    sm_config_set_mov_status(&cfg, STATUS_TX_LESSTHAN, 2);
+
+    pio_sm_init(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM, STATE.pio_cmd_clk_offset, &cfg);
+    pio_sm_set_consecutive_pindirs(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM, SDIO_CLK, 1, true);
+    pio_sm_set_enabled(SDIO_PIO, SDIO_CMD_SM, true);
+
+    // Data reception program
+    STATE.pio_data_rx_offset = pio_add_program(SDIO_PIO, &sdio_data_rx_program);
+    STATE.pio_cfg_data_rx = sdio_data_rx_program_get_default_config(STATE.pio_data_rx_offset);
+    sm_config_set_in_pins(&STATE.pio_cfg_data_rx, SDIO_D0);
+    sm_config_set_in_shift(&STATE.pio_cfg_data_rx, false, true, 32);
+    sm_config_set_out_shift(&STATE.pio_cfg_data_rx, false, true, 32);
+    sm_config_set_clkdiv(&STATE.pio_cfg_data_rx, clk_div);
+
+    // Data transmission program
+    STATE.pio_data_tx_offset = pio_add_program(SDIO_PIO, &sdio_data_tx_program);
+    STATE.pio_cfg_data_tx = sdio_data_tx_program_get_default_config(STATE.pio_data_tx_offset);
+    sm_config_set_in_pins(&STATE.pio_cfg_data_tx, SDIO_D0);
+    sm_config_set_set_pins(&STATE.pio_cfg_data_tx, SDIO_D0, 4);
+    sm_config_set_out_pins(&STATE.pio_cfg_data_tx, SDIO_D0, 4);
+    sm_config_set_in_shift(&STATE.pio_cfg_data_tx, false, false, 32);
+    sm_config_set_out_shift(&STATE.pio_cfg_data_tx, false, true, 32);
+    sm_config_set_clkdiv(&STATE.pio_cfg_data_tx, clk_div);
+
+    // Disable SDIO pins input synchronizer.
+    // This reduces input delay.
+    // Because the CLK is driven synchronously to CPU clock,
+    // there should be no metastability problems.
+    SDIO_PIO->input_sync_bypass |= (1 << SDIO_CLK) | (1 << SDIO_CMD) | (1 << SDIO_D0) | (1 << SDIO_D1) | (1 << SDIO_D2) | (1 << SDIO_D3);
+
+    // Redirect GPIOs to PIO
+#if PICO_SDK_VERSION_MAJOR < 2
+    typedef enum gpio_function gpio_function_t;
+#endif
+   gpio_function_t fn;
+    if (pio1 == SDIO_PIO) 
+        fn = GPIO_FUNC_PIO1;
+    else
+        fn = GPIO_FUNC_PIO0; 
+    gpio_set_function(SDIO_CMD, fn);
+    gpio_set_function(SDIO_CLK, fn);
+    gpio_set_function(SDIO_D0, fn);
+    gpio_set_function(SDIO_D1, fn);
+    gpio_set_function(SDIO_D2, fn);
+    gpio_set_function(SDIO_D3, fn);
+
+    gpio_set_slew_rate(SDIO_CMD, GPIO_SLEW_RATE_FAST);
+    gpio_set_slew_rate(SDIO_CLK, GPIO_SLEW_RATE_FAST);
+    gpio_set_slew_rate(SDIO_D0, GPIO_SLEW_RATE_FAST);
+    gpio_set_slew_rate(SDIO_D1, GPIO_SLEW_RATE_FAST);
+    gpio_set_slew_rate(SDIO_D2, GPIO_SLEW_RATE_FAST);
+    gpio_set_slew_rate(SDIO_D3, GPIO_SLEW_RATE_FAST);
+
+    if (sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->set_drive_strength) {
+        gpio_set_drive_strength(SDIO_CMD, sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->CMD_gpio_drive_strength);
+        gpio_set_drive_strength(SDIO_CLK, sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->CLK_gpio_drive_strength);
+        gpio_set_drive_strength(SDIO_D0, sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D0_gpio_drive_strength);
+        gpio_set_drive_strength(SDIO_D1, sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D1_gpio_drive_strength);
+        gpio_set_drive_strength(SDIO_D2, sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D2_gpio_drive_strength);
+        gpio_set_drive_strength(SDIO_D3, sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D3_gpio_drive_strength);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SDIO/rp2040_sdio.h

+
+// SD card access using SDIO for RP2040 platform.
+// This module contains the low-level SDIO bus implementation using
+// the PIO peripheral. The high-level commands are in sd_card_sdio.cpp.
+
+#pragma once
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include "sd_card.h"
+
+//FIXME: why?
+typedef struct sd_card_t sd_card_t;
+
+typedef
+enum sdio_status_t {
+    SDIO_OK = 0,
+    SDIO_BUSY = 1,
+    SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT = 2, // Timed out waiting for response from card
+    SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_CRC = 3,     // Response CRC is wrong
+    SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_CODE = 4,    // Response command code does not match what was sent
+    SDIO_ERR_DATA_TIMEOUT = 5,     // Timed out waiting for data block
+    SDIO_ERR_DATA_CRC = 6,         // CRC for data packet is wrong
+    SDIO_ERR_WRITE_CRC = 7,        // Card reports bad CRC for write
+    SDIO_ERR_WRITE_FAIL = 8,       // Card reports write failure
+} sdio_status_t;
+
+#define SDIO_BLOCK_SIZE 512
+#define SDIO_WORDS_PER_BLOCK (SDIO_BLOCK_SIZE / 4) // 128
+
+// Maximum number of 512 byte blocks to transfer in one request
+#define SDIO_MAX_BLOCKS 256
+
+typedef enum sdio_transfer_state_t { SDIO_IDLE, SDIO_RX, SDIO_TX, SDIO_TX_WAIT_IDLE} sdio_transfer_state_t;
+
+typedef struct sd_sdio_if_state_t {
+    bool resources_claimed;
+
+    uint32_t ocr; // Operating condition register from card
+    uint32_t rca; // Relative card address
+    int error_line;
+    sdio_status_t error;
+    uint32_t dma_buf[128];
+    
+    int SDIO_DMA_CH;
+    int SDIO_DMA_CHB;
+    int SDIO_CMD_SM;
+    int SDIO_DATA_SM;
+
+    uint32_t pio_cmd_clk_offset;
+    uint32_t pio_data_rx_offset;
+    pio_sm_config pio_cfg_data_rx;
+    uint32_t pio_data_tx_offset;
+    pio_sm_config pio_cfg_data_tx;
+
+    sdio_transfer_state_t transfer_state;
+    uint32_t transfer_start_time;
+    uint32_t *data_buf;
+    uint32_t blocks_done; // Number of blocks transferred so far
+    uint32_t total_blocks; // Total number of blocks to transfer
+    uint32_t blocks_checksumed; // Number of blocks that have had CRC calculated
+    uint32_t checksum_errors; // Number of checksum errors detected
+
+    // Variables for block writes
+    uint64_t next_wr_block_checksum;
+    uint32_t end_token_buf[3]; // CRC and end token for write block
+    sdio_status_t wr_status;
+    uint32_t card_response;
+
+    // Variables for extended block writes
+    bool ongoing_wr_mlt_blk;
+    uint32_t wr_mlt_blk_cnt_sector;
+    
+    // Variables for block reads
+    // This is used to perform DMA into data buffers and checksum buffers separately.
+    struct {
+        void * write_addr;
+        uint32_t transfer_count;
+    } dma_blocks[SDIO_MAX_BLOCKS * 2];
+    struct {
+        uint32_t top;
+        uint32_t bottom;
+    } received_checksums[SDIO_MAX_BLOCKS];
+} sd_sdio_if_state_t;
+
+// Execute a command that has 48-bit reply (response types R1, R6, R7)
+// If response is NULL, does not wait for reply.
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t command, uint32_t arg, uint32_t *response);
+
+// Execute a command that has 136-bit reply (response type R2)
+// Response buffer should have space for 16 bytes (the 128 bit payload)
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_command_R2(const sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t command, uint32_t arg, uint8_t *response);
+
+// Execute a command that has 48-bit reply but without CRC (response R3)
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_command_R3(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t command, uint32_t arg, uint32_t *response);
+
+// Start transferring data from SD card to memory buffer
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_rx_start(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t num_blocks, size_t block_size);
+
+// Check if reception is complete
+// Returns SDIO_BUSY while transferring, SDIO_OK when done and error on failure.
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_rx_poll(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, size_t block_size_words);
+
+// Start transferring data from memory to SD card
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_tx_start(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t num_blocks);
+
+// Check if transmission is complete
+sdio_status_t rp2040_sdio_tx_poll(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t *bytes_complete /* = nullptr */);
+
+// (Re)initialize the SDIO interface
+bool rp2040_sdio_init(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, float clk_div);
+
+void __not_in_flash_func(sdio_irq_handler)(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SDIO/rp2040_sdio.pio

+; RP2040 PIO program for implementing SD card access in SDIO mode
+; Run "pioasm rp2040_sdio.pio rp2040_sdio.pio.h" to regenerate the C header from this.
+
+; The RP2040 official work-in-progress code at
+; https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-extras/tree/master/src/rp2_common/pico_sd_card
+; may be useful reference, but this is independent implementation.
+;
+; For official SDIO specifications, refer to:
+; https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/
+; "SDIO Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 8.00"
+
+; Clock settings
+; For 3.3V communication the available speeds are:
+; - Default speed: max. 25 MHz clock
+; - High speed:    max. 50 MHz clock
+;
+; From the default RP2040 clock speed of 125 MHz, the closest dividers
+; are 3 for 41.7 MHz and 5 for 25 MHz. The CPU can apply further divider
+; through state machine registers for the initial handshake.
+;
+; Because data is written on the falling edge and read on the rising
+; edge, it is preferrable to have a long 0 state and short 1 state.
+;.define CLKDIV 3
+;.define CLKDIV 5
+;.define D0 ((CLKDIV + 1) / 2 - 1)
+;.define D1 (CLKDIV/2 - 1)
+
+.define D0 1
+.define D1 1
+.define PUBLIC CLKDIV D0 + 1 + D1 + 1
+
+; .define PUBLIC SDIO_CLK_GPIO 17
+
+; This is relative to D0 GPIO number.
+; The pin is selected by adding Index to the
+;   PINCTRL_IN_BASE configuration, modulo 32.
+; This is used as a WAIT index, and must be between 4 and 31.
+; (Offsets 0-3 are D0, D1, D2, and D3.)
+.define PUBLIC SDIO_CLK_PIN_D0_OFFSET 18    ; (-2 in mod32 arithmetic)
+
+; State machine 0 is used to:
+; - generate continuous clock on SDIO_CLK
+; - send CMD packets
+; - receive response packets
+;
+; Pin mapping for this state machine:
+; - Sideset    : CLK
+; - IN/OUT/SET : CMD
+; - JMP_PIN    : CMD
+;
+; The commands to send are put on TX fifo and must have two words:
+; Word 0 bits 31-24: Number of bits in command minus one (usually 47)
+; Word 0 bits 23-00: First 24 bits of the command packet, shifted out MSB first
+; Word 1 bits 31-08: Last 24 bits of the command packet, shifted out MSB first
+; Word 1 bits 07-00: Number of bits in response minus one (usually 47), or 0 if no response
+;
+; The response is put on RX fifo, starting with the MSB.
+; Partial last word will be padded with zero bits at the top.
+;
+; The state machine EXECCTRL should be set so that STATUS indicates TX FIFO < 2
+; and that AUTOPULL and AUTOPUSH are enabled.
+
+.program sdio_cmd_clk
+    .side_set 1
+
+    mov OSR, NULL       side 1 [D1]    ; Make sure OSR is full of zeros to prevent autopull
+
+wait_cmd:
+    mov Y, !STATUS      side 0 [D0]    ; Check if TX FIFO has data
+    jmp !Y wait_cmd     side 1 [D1]
+
+load_cmd:
+    out NULL, 32        side 0 [D0]    ; Load first word (trigger autopull)
+    out X, 8            side 1 [D1]    ; Number of bits to send
+    set pins, 1         side 0 [D0]    ; Initial state of CMD is high
+    set pindirs, 1      side 1 [D1]    ; Set SDIO_CMD as output
+
+send_cmd:
+    out pins, 1         side 0 [D0]    ; Write output on falling edge of CLK
+    jmp X-- send_cmd    side 1 [D1]
+
+prep_resp:
+    set pindirs, 0      side 0 [D0]    ; Set SDIO_CMD as input
+    out X, 8            side 1 [D1]    ; Get number of bits in response
+    nop                 side 0 [D0]    ; For clock alignment
+    jmp !X resp_done    side 1 [D1]    ; Check if we expect a response
+
+wait_resp:
+    nop                  side 0 [D0]
+    jmp PIN wait_resp    side 1 [D1]    ; Loop until SDIO_CMD = 0
+
+    ; Note: input bits are read at the same time as we write CLK=0.
+    ; Because the host controls the clock, the read happens before
+    ; the card sees the falling clock edge. This gives maximum time
+    ; for the data bit to settle.
+read_resp:
+    in PINS, 1          side 0 [D0]    ; Read input data bit
+    jmp X-- read_resp   side 1 [D1]    ; Loop to receive all data bits
+
+resp_done:
+    push                side 0 [D0]    ; Push the remaining part of response
+
+; State machine 1 is used to send and receive data blocks.
+; Pin mapping for this state machine:
+; - IN / OUT: SDIO_D0-D3
+; - GPIO defined at beginning of this file: SDIO_CLK
+
+; Data reception program
+; This program will wait for initial start of block token and then
+; receive a data block. The application must set number of nibbles
+; to receive minus 1 to Y register before running this program.
+.program sdio_data_rx
+
+wait_start:
+    mov X, Y                               ; Reinitialize number of nibbles to receive
+    wait 0 pin 0                           ; Wait for zero state on D0
+    wait 1 pin SDIO_CLK_PIN_D0_OFFSET  [CLKDIV-1]  ; Wait for rising edge and then whole clock cycle
+
+rx_data:
+    in PINS, 4                 [CLKDIV-2]  ; Read nibble
+    jmp X--, rx_data
+
+; Data transmission program
+;
+; Before running this program, pindirs should be set as output
+; and register X should be initialized with the number of nibbles
+; to send minus 1 (typically 8 + 1024 + 16 + 1 - 1 = 1048)
+; and register Y with the number of response bits minus 1 (typically 31).
+;
+; Words written to TX FIFO must be:
+; - Word 0: start token 0xFFFFFFF0
+; - Word 1-128: transmitted data (512 bytes)
+; - Word 129-130: CRC checksum
+; - Word 131: end token 0xFFFFFFFF
+;
+; After the card reports idle status, RX FIFO will get a word that
+; contains the D0 line response from card.
+
+.program sdio_data_tx
+    wait 0 pin SDIO_CLK_PIN_D0_OFFSET  
+    wait 1 pin SDIO_CLK_PIN_D0_OFFSET  [CLKDIV + D1 - 1]; Synchronize so that write occurs on falling edge
+
+tx_loop:
+    out PINS, 4                [D0]    ; Write nibble and wait for whole clock cycle
+    jmp X-- tx_loop            [D1]
+
+    set pindirs, 0x00          [D0]    ; Set data bus as input
+
+.wrap_target
+response_loop:
+    in PINS, 1                 [D1]    ; Read D0 on rising edge
+    jmp Y--, response_loop     [D0]
+
+wait_idle:
+    wait 1 pin 0               [D1]    ; Wait for card to indicate idle condition
+    push                       [D0]    ; Push the response token
+.wrap
\ No newline at end of file

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SDIO/sd_card_sdio.c

+// Driver for accessing SD card in SDIO mode on RP2040.
+
+#include "ZuluSCSI_platform.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+//
+// Hardware
+//
+#include <hardware/dma.h>
+#include <hardware/gpio.h>
+#include <hardware/clocks.h>
+#include <hardware/pio.h>
+
+//
+// Platform
+//
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+
+//
+// Project
+//
+#include "diskio.h"
+#include "my_debug.h"
+#include "delays.h"
+#include "rp2040_sdio.h"
+#include "rp2040_sdio.pio.h"  // build\build\rp2040_sdio.pio.h
+#include "sd_card_constants.h"
+#include "sd_card.h"
+#include "sd_timeouts.h"
+#include "SdioCard.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+#define STATE sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->state
+
+static char const *errstr(sdio_status_t error) {
+    switch (error) {
+        case SDIO_OK:
+            return "SDIO: OK";
+        case SDIO_BUSY:
+            return "SDIO: busy";
+        case SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT:
+            return "SDIO: Timed out waiting for response from card";
+        case SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_CRC:
+            return "SDIO: Response CRC is wrong";
+        case SDIO_ERR_RESPONSE_CODE:
+            return "SDIO: Response command code does not match what was sent";
+        case SDIO_ERR_DATA_TIMEOUT:
+            return "SDIO: Timed out waiting for data block";
+        case SDIO_ERR_DATA_CRC:
+            return "SDIO: CRC for data packet is wrong";
+        case SDIO_ERR_WRITE_CRC:
+            return "SDIO: Card reports bad CRC for write";
+        case SDIO_ERR_WRITE_FAIL:
+            return "SDIO: Card reports write failure";
+    }
+    return "Unknown error";
+}
+
+//FIXME
+#define azdbg(arg1, ...) {\
+    DBG_PRINTF("%s,%d: %s\n", __func__, __LINE__, arg1); \
+}
+#define TRACE_PRINTF(fmt, args...)
+//#define TRACE_PRINTF DBG_PRINTF
+
+#define checkReturnOk(call) ((STATE.error = (call)) == SDIO_OK ? true : logSDError(sd_card_p, __LINE__))
+
+static bool logSDError(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, int line)
+{
+    STATE.error_line = line;
+    EMSG_PRINTF("%s at line %d; error code %d\n", 
+        errstr(STATE.error), line, (int)STATE.error);
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+    CLKDIV is from sd_driver\SDIO\rp2040_sdio.pio
+
+    baud = clk_sys / (CLKDIV * clk_div) 
+    baud * CLKDIV * clk_div = clk_sys;
+    clk_div = clk_sys / (CLKDIV * baud)
+*/
+static float calculate_clk_div(uint baud) {
+    float div = (float)clock_get_hz(clk_sys) / (CLKDIV * baud);
+    /* Baud rate cannot exceed clk_sys frequency divided by CLKDIV! */
+    myASSERT(div >= 1 && div <= 65536);
+    return div;
+}
+
+bool sd_sdio_begin(sd_card_t *sd_card_p)
+{
+    uint32_t reply;
+    sdio_status_t status;
+    
+    // Initialize at 400 kHz clock speed
+    if (!rp2040_sdio_init(sd_card_p, calculate_clk_div(400 * 1000)))
+        return false; 
+
+    // Establish initial connection with the card
+    for (int retries = 0; retries < 5; retries++)
+    {
+        delay_ms(1);
+        reply = 0;
+        rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE, 0, NULL); // GO_IDLE_STATE
+        status = rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD8_SEND_IF_COND, 0x1AA, &reply); // SEND_IF_COND
+
+        if (status == SDIO_OK && reply == 0x1AA)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (reply != 0x1AA || status != SDIO_OK)
+    {
+        // azdbg("SDIO not responding to CMD8 SEND_IF_COND, status ", (int)status, " reply ", reply);
+        EMSG_PRINTF("%s,%d SDIO not responding to CMD8 SEND_IF_COND, status 0x%x reply 0x%lx\n", 
+            __func__, __LINE__, status, reply);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Send ACMD41 to begin card initialization and wait for it to complete
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    do {
+        if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD55_APP_CMD, 0, &reply)) || // APP_CMD
+            !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R3(sd_card_p, ACMD41_SD_SEND_OP_COND, 0xD0040000, &STATE.ocr))) // 3.0V voltage
+            // !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, ACMD41, 0xC0100000, &STATE.ocr)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ((uint32_t)(millis() - start) > sd_timeouts.sd_sdio_begin)
+        {
+            EMSG_PRINTF("SDIO card initialization timeout\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+    } while (!(STATE.ocr & (1 << 31)));
+
+    // Get CID
+    // CMD2 is valid only in "ready" state;
+    // Transitions to "ident" state
+    // Note: CMD10 is valid only in "stby" state
+    if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R2(sd_card_p, CMD2_ALL_SEND_CID, 0, (uint8_t *)&sd_card_p->state.CID)))
+    {
+        azdbg("SDIO failed to read CID");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get relative card address
+    // Valid in "ident" or "stby" state; transitions to "stby"
+    // Transitions from "card-identification-mode" to "data-transfer-mode"
+    if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD3_SEND_RELATIVE_ADDR, 0, &STATE.rca)))
+    {
+        azdbg("SDIO failed to get RCA");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get CSD
+    // Valid in "stby" state; stays in "stby" state
+    if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R2(sd_card_p, CMD9_SEND_CSD, STATE.rca, sd_card_p->state.CSD)))
+    {
+        azdbg("SDIO failed to read CSD");
+        return false;
+    }
+    sd_card_p->state.sectors = CSD_sectors(sd_card_p->state.CSD);
+
+    // Select card
+    // Valid in "stby" state; 
+    // If card is addressed, transitions to "tran" state
+    if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD7_SELECT_CARD, STATE.rca, &reply)))
+    {
+        azdbg("SDIO failed to select card");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* At power up CD/DAT3 has a 50KOhm pull up enabled in the card. 
+    This resistor serves two functions Card detection and Mode Selection. 
+    For Mode Selection, the host can drive the line high or let it be pulled high to select SD mode. 
+    If the host wants to select SPI mode it should drive the line low. 
+    For Card detection, the host detects that the line is pulled high. 
+    This pull-up should be disconnected by the user, during regular data transfer, 
+    with SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT (ACMD42) command. */
+    // Disconnect the 50 KOhm pull-up resistor on CD/DAT3
+    // Valid in "tran" state; stays in "tran" state
+    if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD55_APP_CMD, STATE.rca, &reply)) ||
+        !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, ACMD42_SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT, 0, &reply)))
+    {
+        azdbg("SDIO failed to disconnect pull-up");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Set 4-bit bus mode
+    // Valid in "tran" state; stays in "tran" state
+    if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD55_APP_CMD, STATE.rca, &reply)) ||
+        !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, ACMD6_SET_BUS_WIDTH, 2, &reply)))
+    {
+        azdbg("SDIO failed to set bus width");
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, 16, 512, &reply))) // SET_BLOCKLEN
+    {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("%s,%d SDIO failed to set BLOCKLEN\n", __func__, __LINE__);
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Increase to high clock rate
+    if (!sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->baud_rate)
+        sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->baud_rate = 10 * 1000 * 1000;  // 10 MHz default
+    if (!rp2040_sdio_init(sd_card_p, calculate_clk_div(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->baud_rate)))
+        return false; 
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+uint8_t sd_sdio_errorCode(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) // const
+{
+    return STATE.error;
+}
+
+uint32_t sd_sdio_errorData() // const
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t sd_sdio_errorLine(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) // const
+{
+    return STATE.error_line;
+}
+
+bool sd_sdio_isBusy(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) 
+{
+    // return (sio_hw->gpio_in & (1 << SDIO_D0)) == 0;
+    return (sio_hw->gpio_in & (1 << sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D0_gpio)) == 0;
+}
+
+bool sd_sdio_readOCR(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t* ocr)
+{
+    // SDIO mode does not have CMD58, but main program uses this to
+    // poll for card presence. Return status register instead.
+    return checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD13_SEND_STATUS, STATE.rca, ocr));
+}
+
+uint32_t sd_sdio_status(sd_card_t *sd_card_p)
+{
+    uint32_t reply;
+    if (checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD13_SEND_STATUS, STATE.rca, &reply)))
+        return reply;
+    else
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool sd_sdio_stopTransmission(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, bool blocking)
+{
+
+    STATE.ongoing_wr_mlt_blk = false;
+
+    uint32_t reply;
+    if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION, 0, &reply)))
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!blocking)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        uint32_t start = millis();
+        while (millis() - start < 200 && sd_sdio_isBusy(sd_card_p));
+        if (sd_sdio_isBusy(sd_card_p))
+        {
+            EMSG_PRINTF("sd_sdio_stopTransmission() timeout\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+uint8_t sd_sdio_type(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) // const
+{
+    if (STATE.ocr & (1 << 30))
+        return SDCARD_V2HC;
+    else
+        return SDCARD_V2;
+}
+
+
+/* Writing and reading */
+
+bool sd_sdio_writeSector(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector, const uint8_t* src)
+{
+    if (STATE.ongoing_wr_mlt_blk)
+        // Stop any ongoing write transmission
+        if (!sd_sdio_stopTransmission(sd_card_p, true)) return false;
+
+    if (((uint32_t)src & 3) != 0) {
+        // Buffer is not aligned, need to memcpy() the data to a temporary buffer.
+        memcpy(STATE.dma_buf, src, sizeof(STATE.dma_buf));
+        src = (uint8_t*)STATE.dma_buf;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t reply;
+    if (/* !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, 16, 512, &reply)) || // SET_BLOCKLEN */
+        !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD24_WRITE_BLOCK, sector, &reply)) || // WRITE_BLOCK
+        !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_tx_start(sd_card_p, src, 1))) // Start transmission
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    do {
+        uint32_t bytes_done;
+        STATE.error = rp2040_sdio_tx_poll(sd_card_p, &bytes_done);
+    } while (STATE.error == SDIO_BUSY);
+
+    if (STATE.error != SDIO_OK)
+    {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("sd_sdio_writeSector(%lu) failed: %s (%d)\n", 
+            sector, errstr(STATE.error), (int)STATE.error);
+    }
+
+    return STATE.error == SDIO_OK;
+}
+
+bool sd_sdio_writeSectors(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector, const uint8_t *src, size_t n) {
+    if (((uint32_t)src & 3) != 0) {
+        // Unaligned write, execute sector-by-sector
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            if (!sd_sdio_writeSector(sd_card_p, sector + i, src + 512 * i)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (STATE.ongoing_wr_mlt_blk && sector == STATE.wr_mlt_blk_cnt_sector) {
+        /* Continue a multiblock write */
+        if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_tx_start(sd_card_p, src, n)))  // Start transmission
+            return false;
+    } else {
+        // Stop any previous transmission
+        if (STATE.ongoing_wr_mlt_blk) {
+            if (!sd_sdio_stopTransmission(sd_card_p, true)) return false;
+        }
+        uint32_t reply;
+        if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD25_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK, sector, &reply)) ||
+            !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_tx_start(sd_card_p, src, n)))  // Start transmission
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    do {
+        uint32_t bytes_done;
+        STATE.error = rp2040_sdio_tx_poll(sd_card_p, &bytes_done);
+    } while (STATE.error == SDIO_BUSY);
+
+    if (STATE.error != SDIO_OK) {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("sd_sdio_writeSectors(,%lu,,%zu) failed: %s (%d)\n", sector, n, errstr(STATE.error), (int)STATE.error);
+        sd_sdio_stopTransmission(sd_card_p, true);
+        return false;
+    } else {
+        STATE.wr_mlt_blk_cnt_sector = sector + n;
+        STATE.ongoing_wr_mlt_blk = true;
+        return true;
+    }
+    /* Optimization:
+    To optimize large contiguous writes,
+    postpone stopping transmission until it is
+    clear that the next operation is not a continuation.
+
+    Any transactions other than a `sd_sdio_writeSectors`
+    continuation must stop any ongoing transmission
+    before proceding.
+    */
+}
+
+bool sd_sdio_readSector(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector, uint8_t* dst)
+{
+    if (STATE.ongoing_wr_mlt_blk)
+        // Stop any ongoing transmission
+        if (!sd_sdio_stopTransmission(sd_card_p, true)) return false;
+
+    uint8_t *real_dst = dst;
+    if (((uint32_t)dst & 3) != 0)
+    {
+        // Buffer is not aligned, need to memcpy() the data from a temporary buffer.
+        dst = (uint8_t*)STATE.dma_buf;
+    }
+    uint32_t reply;
+    if (/* !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, 16, 512, &reply)) || // SET_BLOCKLEN */
+        !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_rx_start(sd_card_p, dst, 1, SDIO_BLOCK_SIZE)) || // Prepare for reception
+        !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK, sector, &reply))) // READ_SINGLE_BLOCK
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    do {
+        STATE.error = rp2040_sdio_rx_poll(sd_card_p, SDIO_WORDS_PER_BLOCK);
+    } while (STATE.error == SDIO_BUSY);
+
+    if (STATE.error != SDIO_OK)
+    {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("sd_sdio_readSector(,%lu,) failed: %s (%d)\n", 
+            sector, errstr(STATE.error), (int)STATE.error);
+    }
+
+    if (dst != real_dst)
+    {
+        memcpy(real_dst, STATE.dma_buf, sizeof(STATE.dma_buf));
+    }
+
+    return STATE.error == SDIO_OK;
+}
+
+bool sd_sdio_readSectors(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t sector, uint8_t* dst, size_t n)
+{
+    if (STATE.ongoing_wr_mlt_blk)
+        // Stop any ongoing transmission
+        if (!sd_sdio_stopTransmission(sd_card_p, true)) return false;
+        
+    if (((uint32_t)dst & 3) != 0 || sector + n >= sd_card_p->state.sectors)
+    {
+        // Unaligned read or end-of-drive read, execute sector-by-sector
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        {
+            if (!sd_sdio_readSector(sd_card_p, sector + i, dst + 512 * i))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t reply;
+    if (/* !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, 16, 512, &reply)) || // SET_BLOCKLEN */
+        !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_rx_start(sd_card_p, dst, n, SDIO_BLOCK_SIZE)) || // Prepare for reception
+        !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD18_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK, sector, &reply))) // READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    do {
+        STATE.error = rp2040_sdio_rx_poll(sd_card_p, SDIO_WORDS_PER_BLOCK);
+    } while (STATE.error == SDIO_BUSY);
+
+    if (STATE.error != SDIO_OK)
+    {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("sd_sdio_readSectors(%ld,...,%d)  failed: %s (%d)\n", 
+            sector, n, errstr(STATE.error), STATE.error);
+        sd_sdio_stopTransmission(sd_card_p, true);
+        return false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return sd_sdio_stopTransmission(sd_card_p, true);
+    }
+}
+
+// Get 512 bit (64 byte) SD Status
+bool rp2040_sdio_get_sd_status(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t response[64]) {
+    uint32_t reply;
+    if (!checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_rx_start(sd_card_p, response, 1, 64)) || // Prepare for reception
+        !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD55_APP_CMD, STATE.rca, &reply)) ||  // APP_CMD
+        !checkReturnOk(rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, ACMD13_SD_STATUS, 0, &reply))) // SD Status
+    {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("ACMD13 failed\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Read 512 bit block on DAT bus (not CMD)
+    do {
+        STATE.error = rp2040_sdio_rx_poll(sd_card_p, 64 / 4);
+    } while (STATE.error == SDIO_BUSY);
+
+    if (STATE.error != SDIO_OK)
+    {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("ACMD13 failed: %s (%d)\n", errstr(STATE.error), (int)STATE.error);
+    }
+    return STATE.error == SDIO_OK;
+
+}
+
+static bool sd_sdio_test_com(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    bool success = false;
+
+    if (!(sd_card_p->state.m_Status & STA_NOINIT)) {
+        // SD card is currently initialized
+
+        // Get status
+        uint32_t reply = 0;
+        sdio_status_t status = rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD13_SEND_STATUS, STATE.rca, &reply);
+
+        // Only care that communication succeeded
+        success = (status == SDIO_OK);
+
+        if (!success) {
+            // Card no longer sensed - ensure card is initialized once re-attached
+            sd_card_p->state.m_Status |= STA_NOINIT;
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Do a "light" version of init, just enough to test com
+
+        // Initialize at 400 kHz clock speed
+        if (!rp2040_sdio_init(sd_card_p, calculate_clk_div(400 * 1000)))
+            return false; 
+
+        // Establish initial connection with the card
+        rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE, 0, NULL); // GO_IDLE_STATE
+        uint32_t reply = 0;
+        sdio_status_t status = rp2040_sdio_command_R1(sd_card_p, CMD8_SEND_IF_COND, 0x1AA, &reply); // SEND_IF_COND
+
+        success = (reply == 0x1AA && status == SDIO_OK);
+    }
+
+    return success;
+}
+
+#if PICO_SDK_VERSION_MAJOR < 2
+    typedef enum gpio_function gpio_function_t;
+#endif
+
+// Helper function to configure whole GPIO in one line
+static void gpio_conf(uint gpio, gpio_function_t fn, bool pullup, bool pulldown, bool output, bool initial_state)
+{
+    gpio_put(gpio, initial_state);
+    gpio_set_dir(gpio, output);
+    gpio_set_pulls(gpio, pullup, pulldown);
+    gpio_set_function(gpio, fn);
+
+    // See rp2040_sdio_init
+}
+
+static DSTATUS sd_sdio_init(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_lock(sd_card_p);
+
+    // Make sure there's a card in the socket before proceeding
+    sd_card_detect(sd_card_p);
+    if (sd_card_p->state.m_Status & STA_NODISK) {
+        sd_unlock(sd_card_p);
+        return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+    }
+    // Make sure we're not already initialized before proceeding
+    if (!(sd_card_p->state.m_Status & STA_NOINIT)) {
+        sd_unlock(sd_card_p);
+        return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+    }
+    // Initialize the member variables
+    sd_card_p->state.card_type = SDCARD_NONE;
+
+    //        pin                             function        pup   pdown  out    state
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->CLK_gpio, GPIO_FUNC_PIO1, true, false, true,  true);
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->CMD_gpio, GPIO_FUNC_PIO1, true, false, true,  true);
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D0_gpio,  GPIO_FUNC_PIO1, true, false, false, true);
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D1_gpio,  GPIO_FUNC_PIO1, true, false, false, true);
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D2_gpio,  GPIO_FUNC_PIO1, true, false, false, true);
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D3_gpio,  GPIO_FUNC_PIO1, true, false, false, true);
+
+    bool ok = sd_sdio_begin(sd_card_p);
+    if (ok) {
+        // The card is now initialized
+        sd_card_p->state.m_Status &= ~STA_NOINIT;
+    }
+    sd_unlock(sd_card_p);
+    return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+}
+static void sd_sdio_deinit(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_lock(sd_card_p);
+
+    sd_card_p->state.m_Status |= STA_NOINIT;
+    sd_card_p->state.card_type = SDCARD_NONE;
+
+    //        pin                             function        pup   pdown   out    state
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->CLK_gpio, GPIO_FUNC_NULL, false, false, false, false);
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->CMD_gpio, GPIO_FUNC_NULL, false, false, false, false);
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D0_gpio,  GPIO_FUNC_NULL, false, false, false, false);
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D1_gpio,  GPIO_FUNC_NULL, false, false, false, false);
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D2_gpio,  GPIO_FUNC_NULL, false, false, false, false);
+    gpio_conf(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D3_gpio,  GPIO_FUNC_NULL, false, false, false, false);
+
+    //TODO: free other resources: PIO, SMs, etc.
+
+    sd_unlock(sd_card_p);    
+}
+
+uint32_t sd_sdio_sectorCount(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    myASSERT(!(sd_card_p->state.m_Status & STA_NOINIT));
+    return CSD_sectors(sd_card_p->state.CSD);
+}
+
+static block_dev_err_t sd_sdio_write_blocks(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t ulSectorNumber,
+                                            uint32_t blockCnt) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s(,,,%zu)\n", __func__, blockCnt);
+    bool ok = true;
+
+    sd_lock(sd_card_p);
+
+    if (1 == blockCnt)
+        ok = sd_sdio_writeSector(sd_card_p, ulSectorNumber, buffer);
+    else
+        ok = sd_sdio_writeSectors(sd_card_p, ulSectorNumber, buffer, blockCnt);
+
+    sd_unlock(sd_card_p);
+
+    if (ok)
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+    else
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
+}
+static block_dev_err_t sd_sdio_read_blocks(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t ulSectorNumber,
+                                           uint32_t ulSectorCount) {
+    bool ok = true;
+
+    sd_lock(sd_card_p);
+
+    if (1 == ulSectorCount)
+        ok = sd_sdio_readSector(sd_card_p, ulSectorNumber, buffer);
+    else
+        ok = sd_sdio_readSectors(sd_card_p, ulSectorNumber, buffer, ulSectorCount);
+
+    sd_unlock(sd_card_p);
+
+    if (ok)
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+    else
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
+}
+static block_dev_err_t sd_sync(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_lock(sd_card_p);
+    block_dev_err_t err = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+    if (STATE.ongoing_wr_mlt_blk)
+        if (!sd_sdio_stopTransmission(sd_card_p, true))
+            err = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
+    sd_unlock(sd_card_p);
+    return err;
+}
+void sd_sdio_ctor(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    myASSERT(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p); // Must have an interface object
+    /*
+    Pins CLK_gpio, D1_gpio, D2_gpio, and D3_gpio are at offsets from pin D0_gpio.
+    The offsets are determined by sd_driver\SDIO\rp2040_sdio.pio.
+    */
+    myASSERT(!sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->CLK_gpio);
+    myASSERT(!sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D1_gpio);
+    myASSERT(!sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D2_gpio);
+    myASSERT(!sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D3_gpio);
+
+    sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->CLK_gpio = (sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D0_gpio + SDIO_CLK_PIN_D0_OFFSET) % 32;
+    sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D1_gpio = sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D0_gpio + 1;
+    sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D2_gpio = sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D0_gpio + 2;
+    sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D3_gpio = sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->D0_gpio + 3;
+
+    sd_card_p->state.m_Status = STA_NOINIT;
+
+    sd_card_p->init = sd_sdio_init;
+    sd_card_p->deinit = sd_sdio_deinit;
+    sd_card_p->write_blocks = sd_sdio_write_blocks;
+    sd_card_p->read_blocks = sd_sdio_read_blocks;
+    sd_card_p->sync = sd_sync;
+    sd_card_p->get_num_sectors = sd_sdio_sectorCount;
+    sd_card_p->sd_test_com = sd_sdio_test_com;
+}

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SPI/my_spi.c

+/* spi.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+//
+#include "hardware/clocks.h"
+#include "hardware/structs/clocks.h"
+#include "hardware/spi.h"
+#include "pico.h"
+#include "pico/mutex.h"
+#include "pico/platform.h"
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+//
+#include "delays.h"
+#include "hw_config.h"
+#include "my_debug.h"
+#include "util.h"
+//
+#include "my_spi.h"
+
+#ifndef USE_DBG_PRINTF
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#endif
+
+static bool chk_spi(spi_t *spi_p) {
+    spi_inst_t *hw_spi = spi_p->hw_inst;
+    bool ok = true;
+    if (spi_get_const_hw(hw_spi)->sr & SPI_SSPSR_BSY_BITS) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("SPI is busy\n");
+        ok = false;
+    }
+    if (spi_get_const_hw(hw_spi)->sr & SPI_SSPSR_RFF_BITS) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("SPI Receive FIFO full\n");
+        ok = false;
+    }
+    if (spi_get_const_hw(hw_spi)->sr & SPI_SSPSR_RNE_BITS) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("SPI Receive FIFO not empty\n");
+        ok = false;
+    }
+    if (!(spi_get_const_hw(hw_spi)->sr & SPI_SSPSR_TNF_BITS)) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("SPI Transmit FIFO is full\n");
+        ok = false;
+    }
+    if (!(spi_get_const_hw(hw_spi)->sr & SPI_SSPSR_TFE_BITS)) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("SPI Transmit FIFO is not empty\n");
+        ok = false;
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+static bool chk_dma(uint chn) {
+    dma_channel_hw_t *channel = &dma_hw->ch[chn];
+    bool ok = true;
+    uint32_t ctrl = channel->ctrl_trig;
+    if (ctrl & DMA_CH0_CTRL_TRIG_AHB_ERROR_BITS) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("\tDMA bus error\n");
+        ok = false;
+    }
+    if (ctrl & DMA_CH0_CTRL_TRIG_READ_ERROR_BITS) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("\tDMA read error\n");
+        ok = false;
+    }
+    if (ctrl & DMA_CH0_CTRL_TRIG_WRITE_ERROR_BITS) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("\tDMA write error\n");
+        ok = false;
+    }
+    if (ctrl & DMA_CH0_CTRL_TRIG_BUSY_BITS) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("\tDMA is busy\n");
+        ok = false;
+    }
+    if (!ok) {
+        dma_debug_channel_hw_t *dbg_ch_p = &dma_debug_hw->ch[chn];
+        DBG_PRINTF("\tTRANSFER_COUNT: %lu\n", channel->transfer_count);
+        DBG_PRINTF("\tTRANS_COUNT reload value (DBG_TCR): %lu\n", dbg_ch_p->dbg_tcr);
+        DBG_PRINTF("\tDREQ counter: %lu\n", dbg_ch_p->dbg_ctdreq);
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+static bool chk_dmas(spi_t *spi_p) {
+    bool tx_ok = chk_dma(spi_p->tx_dma);
+    if (!tx_ok) DBG_PRINTF("TX DMA error\n");
+    bool rx_ok = chk_dma(spi_p->rx_dma);
+    if (!rx_ok) DBG_PRINTF("RX DMA error\n");
+    return tx_ok && rx_ok;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Start a SPI transfer by configuring and starting the DMA channels.
+ *
+ * @param spi_p Pointer to the SPI object.
+ * @param tx Pointer to the transmit buffer. If NULL, data will be filled with SPI_FILL_CHAR.
+ * @param rx Pointer to the receive buffer. If NULL, data will be ignored.
+ * @param length Length of the transfer.
+ */
+void __not_in_flash_func(spi_transfer_start)(spi_t *spi_p, const uint8_t *tx, uint8_t *rx,
+                                             size_t length) {
+    myASSERT(spi_p);
+    myASSERT(tx || rx);
+
+    // tx write increment is already false
+    if (tx) {
+        channel_config_set_read_increment(&spi_p->tx_dma_cfg, true);
+    } else {
+        static const uint8_t dummy __attribute__((section(".time_critical."))) = SPI_FILL_CHAR;
+        tx = &dummy;
+        channel_config_set_read_increment(&spi_p->tx_dma_cfg, false);
+    }
+    // rx read increment is already false
+    if (rx) {
+        channel_config_set_write_increment(&spi_p->rx_dma_cfg, true);
+    } else {
+        static uint8_t dummy = 0xA5;
+        rx = &dummy;
+        channel_config_set_write_increment(&spi_p->rx_dma_cfg, false);
+    }
+
+    dma_channel_configure(spi_p->tx_dma, &spi_p->tx_dma_cfg,
+                          &spi_get_hw(spi_p->hw_inst)->dr,  // write address
+                          tx,                               // read address
+                          length,                           // element count (each element is of
+                                                            // size transfer_data_size)
+                          false);                           // start
+    dma_channel_configure(spi_p->rx_dma, &spi_p->rx_dma_cfg,
+                          rx,                               // write address
+                          &spi_get_hw(spi_p->hw_inst)->dr,  // read address
+                          length,                           // element count (each element is of
+                                                            // size transfer_data_size)
+                          false);                           // start
+
+    myASSERT(chk_dmas(spi_p));
+    myASSERT(chk_spi(spi_p));
+
+    // Start the DMA channels:
+    // start them exactly simultaneously to avoid races (in extreme cases
+    // the FIFO could overflow)
+    dma_start_channel_mask((1u << spi_p->tx_dma) | (1u << spi_p->rx_dma));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculate the time in milliseconds to transfer the given number of blocks
+ * over the SPI bus at the given baud rate.
+ * @param block_count The number of blocks to transfer, each 512 bytes.
+ * @param spi_p Pointer to the SPI object.
+ * @return The time in milliseconds to transfer the given number of blocks.
+ */
+uint32_t calculate_transfer_time_ms(spi_t *spi_p, uint32_t bytes) {
+    // Calculate the total number of bits to transfer
+    uint32_t total_bits = bytes * 8;
+
+    // Get the baud rate from the SPI interface
+    uint32_t baud_rate = spi_get_baudrate(spi_p->hw_inst);
+
+    // Calculate the time to transfer all bits in seconds
+    float transfer_time_sec = (double)total_bits / baud_rate;
+
+    // Convert the time to milliseconds
+    float transfer_time_ms = transfer_time_sec * 1000;
+
+    transfer_time_ms *= 1.5f;  // Add 50% for overhead
+    transfer_time_ms += 4.0f;  // For fixed overhead
+
+    return (uint32_t)transfer_time_ms;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Wait until SPI transfer is complete.
+ * @details This function waits until the SPI master completes the transfer
+ * or a timeout has occurred. The timeout is specified in milliseconds.
+ * If the timeout is reached the function will return false.
+ * This function uses busy waiting to check for completion of the transfer.
+ *
+ * @param spi_p The SPI configuration.
+ * @param timeout_ms The timeout in milliseconds.
+ * @return true if the transfer is complete, false if the timeout is reached.
+ */
+bool __not_in_flash_func(spi_transfer_wait_complete)(spi_t *spi_p, uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+    myASSERT(spi_p);
+    bool timed_out = false;
+
+    // Record the start time in milliseconds
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+
+    // Wait until DMA channels are not busy or timeout is reached
+    while ((dma_channel_is_busy(spi_p->rx_dma) || dma_channel_is_busy(spi_p->tx_dma)) &&
+           millis() - start < timeout_ms)
+        tight_loop_contents();
+
+    // Check if the DMA channels are still busy
+    timed_out = dma_channel_is_busy(spi_p->rx_dma) || dma_channel_is_busy(spi_p->tx_dma);
+
+    // Print debug information if the DMA channels are still busy
+    if (timed_out) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("DMA busy wait timed out in %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
+    } else {
+        // If the DMA channels are not busy, wait for the SPI peripheral to become idle
+        start = millis();
+        while (spi_is_busy(spi_p->hw_inst) && millis() - start < timeout_ms)
+            tight_loop_contents();
+
+        // Check if the SPI peripheral is still busy
+        timed_out = spi_is_busy(spi_p->hw_inst);
+
+        // Print debug information if the SPI peripheral is still busy
+        if (timed_out) {
+            DBG_PRINTF("SPI busy wait timed out in %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Check the status of the SPI peripheral
+    bool spi_ok = chk_spi(spi_p);
+
+    if (timed_out || !spi_ok) {
+        chk_dmas(spi_p);
+        DBG_PRINTF("DMA_INTR: 0b%s\n", uint_binary_str(dma_hw->intr));
+        DBG_PRINTF("TX DMA CTRL_TRIG: 0b%s\n",
+                   uint_binary_str(dma_hw->ch[spi_p->tx_dma].ctrl_trig));
+        DBG_PRINTF("RX DMA CTRL_TRIG: 0b%s\n",
+                   uint_binary_str(dma_hw->ch[spi_p->rx_dma].ctrl_trig));
+        DBG_PRINTF("SPI SSPCR0: 0b%s\n", uint_binary_str(spi_get_hw(spi_p->hw_inst)->cr0));
+        DBG_PRINTF("SPI SSPCR1: 0b%s\n", uint_binary_str(spi_get_hw(spi_p->hw_inst)->cr1));
+        DBG_PRINTF("SPI_SSPSR: 0b%s\n", uint_binary_str(spi_get_const_hw(spi_p->hw_inst)->sr));
+        DBG_PRINTF("SPI_SSPDMACR: 0b%s\n",
+                   uint_binary_str(spi_get_const_hw(spi_p->hw_inst)->dmacr));
+        dma_channel_abort(spi_p->rx_dma);
+        dma_channel_abort(spi_p->tx_dma);
+    }
+    // Return true if the transfer is complete and the SPI peripheral is in a good state
+    return !(timed_out || !spi_ok);
+}
+
+/**
+ * SPI Transfer: Read & Write (simultaneously) on SPI bus
+ * @param spi_p Pointer to the SPI object.
+ * @param tx Pointer to the transmit buffer. If NULL, SPI_FILL_CHAR is sent as each data
+ * element.
+ * @param rx Pointer to the receive buffer. If NULL, data is ignored.
+ * @param length Number of data elements to transfer.
+ * @return true if the transfer is completed successfully within the timeout.
+ * @return false if the transfer times out or encounters an error.
+ */
+bool __not_in_flash_func(spi_transfer)(spi_t *spi_p, const uint8_t *tx, uint8_t *rx,
+                                       size_t length) {
+    spi_transfer_start(spi_p, tx, rx, length);
+    // Related to timeouts in spi_lock and sd_lock
+    uint32_t timeout = calculate_transfer_time_ms(spi_p, length);
+    return spi_transfer_wait_complete(spi_p, timeout);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize the SPI peripheral and DMA channels.
+ *
+ * @param spi_p Pointer to the SPI object.
+ * @return true if the initialization is successful, false otherwise.
+ */
+bool my_spi_init(spi_t *spi_p) {
+    auto_init_mutex(my_spi_init_mutex);
+    mutex_enter_blocking(&my_spi_init_mutex);
+    if (!spi_p->initialized) {
+        //// The SPI may be shared (using multiple SSs); protect it
+        if (!mutex_is_initialized(&spi_p->mutex)) mutex_init(&spi_p->mutex);
+        spi_lock(spi_p);
+
+        // Defaults:
+        if (!spi_p->hw_inst) spi_p->hw_inst = spi0;
+        if (!spi_p->baud_rate) spi_p->baud_rate = clock_get_hz(clk_sys) / 12;
+
+        /* Configure component */
+        // Enable SPI at 100 kHz and connect to GPIOs
+        spi_init(spi_p->hw_inst, 100 * 1000);
+
+        myASSERT(spi_p->spi_mode < 4);
+        switch (spi_p->spi_mode) {
+            case 0:
+                spi_set_format(spi_p->hw_inst, 8, SPI_CPOL_0, SPI_CPHA_0, SPI_MSB_FIRST);
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                spi_set_format(spi_p->hw_inst, 8, SPI_CPOL_0, SPI_CPHA_1, SPI_MSB_FIRST);
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                spi_set_format(spi_p->hw_inst, 8, SPI_CPOL_1, SPI_CPHA_0, SPI_MSB_FIRST);
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                spi_set_format(spi_p->hw_inst, 8, SPI_CPOL_1, SPI_CPHA_1, SPI_MSB_FIRST);
+                break;
+            default:
+                spi_set_format(spi_p->hw_inst, 8, SPI_CPOL_0, SPI_CPHA_0, SPI_MSB_FIRST);
+                break;
+        }
+        gpio_set_function(spi_p->miso_gpio, GPIO_FUNC_SPI);
+        gpio_set_function(spi_p->mosi_gpio, GPIO_FUNC_SPI);
+        gpio_set_function(spi_p->sck_gpio, GPIO_FUNC_SPI);
+        // ss_gpio is initialized in sd_spi_ctor()
+
+        // Slew rate limiting levels for GPIO outputs.
+        // enum gpio_slew_rate { GPIO_SLEW_RATE_SLOW = 0, GPIO_SLEW_RATE_FAST = 1 }
+        // void gpio_set_slew_rate (uint gpio,enum gpio_slew_rate slew)
+        // Default appears to be GPIO_SLEW_RATE_SLOW.
+        gpio_set_slew_rate(spi_p->sck_gpio, GPIO_SLEW_RATE_FAST);
+
+        /* Drive strength levels for GPIO outputs:
+            enum gpio_drive_strength {
+            GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_2MA = 0,
+            GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA = 1,
+            GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_8MA = 2,
+            GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_12MA = 3 }
+         enum gpio_drive_strength gpio_get_drive_strength (uint gpio)
+        */
+        if (spi_p->set_drive_strength) {
+            gpio_set_drive_strength(spi_p->mosi_gpio, spi_p->mosi_gpio_drive_strength);
+            gpio_set_drive_strength(spi_p->sck_gpio, spi_p->sck_gpio_drive_strength);
+        }
+
+        // SD cards' DO MUST be pulled up. However, it might be done externally.
+        if (!spi_p->no_miso_gpio_pull_up) gpio_pull_up(spi_p->miso_gpio);
+
+        // gpio_set_input_hysteresis_enabled(spi_p->miso_gpio, false);
+
+        // Check if the user has provided DMA channels
+        if (spi_p->use_static_dma_channels) {
+            // Claim the channels provided
+            dma_channel_claim(spi_p->tx_dma);
+            dma_channel_claim(spi_p->rx_dma);
+        } else {
+            // Grab some unused dma channels
+            spi_p->tx_dma = dma_claim_unused_channel(true);
+            spi_p->rx_dma = dma_claim_unused_channel(true);
+        }
+        spi_p->tx_dma_cfg = dma_channel_get_default_config(spi_p->tx_dma);
+        spi_p->rx_dma_cfg = dma_channel_get_default_config(spi_p->rx_dma);
+        channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(&spi_p->tx_dma_cfg, DMA_SIZE_8);
+        channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(&spi_p->rx_dma_cfg, DMA_SIZE_8);
+
+        // We set the outbound DMA to transfer from a memory buffer to the SPI
+        // transmit FIFO paced by the SPI TX FIFO DREQ The default is for the
+        // read address to increment every element (in this case 1 byte -
+        // DMA_SIZE_8) and for the write address to remain unchanged.
+        channel_config_set_dreq(&spi_p->tx_dma_cfg, spi_get_dreq(spi_p->hw_inst, true));
+        channel_config_set_write_increment(&spi_p->tx_dma_cfg, false);
+
+        // We set the inbound DMA to transfer from the SPI receive FIFO to a
+        // memory buffer paced by the SPI RX FIFO DREQ We configure the read
+        // address to remain unchanged for each element, but the write address
+        // to increment (so data is written throughout the buffer)
+        channel_config_set_dreq(&spi_p->rx_dma_cfg, spi_get_dreq(spi_p->hw_inst, false));
+        channel_config_set_read_increment(&spi_p->rx_dma_cfg, false);
+
+        LED_INIT();
+
+        spi_p->initialized = true;
+        spi_unlock(spi_p);
+    }
+    mutex_exit(&my_spi_init_mutex);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SPI/my_spi.h

+/* spi.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+//
+// Pico includes
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#include "pico/mutex.h"
+#include "pico/types.h"
+//
+#include "hardware/dma.h"
+#include "hardware/gpio.h"
+#include "hardware/irq.h"
+#include "hardware/spi.h"
+//
+#include "my_debug.h"
+#include "sd_timeouts.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define SPI_FILL_CHAR (0xFF)
+
+// "Class" representing SPIs
+typedef struct spi_t {
+    spi_inst_t *hw_inst;    // SPI HW
+    uint miso_gpio;  // SPI MISO GPIO number (not pin number)
+    uint mosi_gpio;
+    uint sck_gpio;
+    uint baud_rate;
+
+    /* The different modes of the Motorola SPI protocol are:
+    - Mode 0: When CPOL and CPHA are both 0, data sampled at the leading rising edge of the
+    clock pulse and shifted out on the falling edge. This is the most common mode for SPI bus
+    communication.
+    - Mode 1: When CPOL is 0 and CPHA is 1, data sampled at the trailing falling edge and
+    shifted out on the rising edge.
+    - Mode 2: When CPOL is 1 and CPHA is 0, data sampled at the leading falling edge
+    and shifted out on the rising edge.
+    - Mode 3: When CPOL is 1 and CPHA is 1, data sampled at the trailing rising edge and
+    shifted out on the falling edge. */
+    uint spi_mode;
+    
+    bool no_miso_gpio_pull_up;
+
+    /* Drive strength levels for GPIO outputs:
+        GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_2MA, 
+        GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA, 
+        GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_8MA,
+        GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_12MA */
+    bool set_drive_strength;
+    enum gpio_drive_strength mosi_gpio_drive_strength;
+    enum gpio_drive_strength sck_gpio_drive_strength;
+
+    bool use_static_dma_channels;
+    uint tx_dma;
+    uint rx_dma;
+
+    /* The following fields are not part of the configuration. They are dynamically assigned. */
+    dma_channel_config tx_dma_cfg;
+    dma_channel_config rx_dma_cfg;
+    mutex_t mutex;    
+    bool initialized;  
+} spi_t;
+
+void spi_transfer_start(spi_t *spi_p, const uint8_t *tx, uint8_t *rx, size_t length);
+uint32_t calculate_transfer_time_ms(spi_t *spi_p, uint32_t bytes);
+bool spi_transfer_wait_complete(spi_t *spi_p, uint32_t timeout_ms);
+bool spi_transfer(spi_t *spi_p, const uint8_t *tx, uint8_t *rx, size_t length);
+bool my_spi_init(spi_t *spi_p);
+
+
+static inline void spi_lock(spi_t *spi_p) {
+    myASSERT(mutex_is_initialized(&spi_p->mutex));
+    mutex_enter_blocking(&spi_p->mutex);
+}
+static inline void spi_unlock(spi_t *spi_p) {
+    myASSERT(mutex_is_initialized(&spi_p->mutex));
+    mutex_exit(&spi_p->mutex);
+}
+
+/* 
+This uses the Pico LED to show SD card activity.
+You can use it to get a rough idea of utilization.
+Warning: Pico W uses GPIO 25 for SPI communication to the CYW43439.
+
+You can enable this by putting something like
+    add_compile_definitions(USE_LED=1)
+in CMakeLists.txt, for example.
+*/
+#if !defined(NO_PICO_LED) && defined(USE_LED) && USE_LED && defined(PICO_DEFAULT_LED_PIN)
+#  define LED_INIT()                     \
+    {                                    \
+        gpio_init(PICO_DEFAULT_LED_PIN);              \
+        gpio_set_dir(PICO_DEFAULT_LED_PIN, GPIO_OUT); \
+    }
+#  define LED_ON() gpio_put(PICO_DEFAULT_LED_PIN, 1)
+#  define LED_OFF() gpio_put(PICO_DEFAULT_LED_PIN, 0)
+#else
+#  define LED_ON()
+#  define LED_OFF()
+#  define LED_INIT()
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SPI/sd_card_spi.c

+/**
+ * @file sd_card_spi.c
+ * @brief SD Card SPI Driver
+ *
+ * @section License
+ *
+ * Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+ * this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+ * License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+ * under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+ * CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+/*
+ * This code borrows heavily from the Mbed SDBlockDevice:
+ *       https://os.mbed.com/docs/mbed-os/v5.15/apis/sdblockdevice.html
+ *       mbed-os/components/storage/blockdevice/COMPONENT_SD/SDBlockDevice.cpp
+ *
+ * Editor: Carl Kugler (carlk3@gmail.com)
+ *
+ * Remember your ABCs: "Always Be Cobbling!"
+ */
+
+/* mbed Microcontroller Library
+ * Copyright (c) 2006-2013 ARM Limited
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* Introduction
+ * ------------
+ * SD and MMC cards support a number of interfaces, but common to them all
+ * is one based on SPI. Since we already have the mbed SPI Interface, it will
+ * be used for SD cards.
+ *
+ * The main reference I'm using is Chapter 7, "SPI Mode" of:
+ *  http://www.sdcard.org/developers/tech/sdcard/pls/Simplified_Physical_Layer_Spec.pdf
+ *
+ * SPI Startup
+ * -----------
+ * The SD card powers up in SD mode. The start-up procedure is complicated
+ * by the requirement to support older SDCards in a backwards compatible
+ * way with the new higher capacity variants SDHC and SDHC.
+ *
+ * The following figures from the specification with associated text describe
+ * the SPI mode initialisation process:
+ *  - Figure 7-1: SD Memory Card State Diagram (SPI mode)
+ *  - Figure 7-2: SPI Mode Initialization Flow
+ *
+ * Firstly, a low initial clock should be selected (in the range of 100-
+ * 400kHZ). After initialisation has been completed, the switch to a
+ * higher clock speed can be made (e.g. 1MHz). Newer cards will support
+ * higher speeds than the default _transfer_sck defined here.
+ *
+ * Next, note the following from the SDCard specification (note to
+ * Figure 7-1):
+ *
+ *  In any of the cases CMD1 is not recommended because it may be difficult for
+ * the host to distinguish between MultiMediaCard and SD Memory Card
+ *
+ * Hence CMD1 is not used for the initialisation sequence.
+ *
+ * The SPI interface mode is selected by asserting CS low and sending the
+ * reset command (CMD0). The card will respond with a (R1) response.
+ * In practice many cards initially respond with 0xff or invalid data
+ * which is ignored. Data is read until a valid response is received
+ * or the number of re-reads has exceeded a maximim count. If a valid
+ * response is not received then the CMD0 can be retried. This
+ * has been found to successfully initialise cards where the SPI master
+ * (on MCU) has been reset but the SDCard has not, so the first
+ * CMD0 may be lost.
+ *
+ * CMD8 is optionally sent to determine the voltage range supported, and
+ * indirectly determine whether it is a version 1.x SD/non-SD card or
+ * version 2.x. I'll just ignore this for now.
+ *
+ * ACMD41 is repeatedly issued to initialise the card, until "in idle"
+ * (bit 0) of the R1 response goes to '0', indicating it is initialised.
+ *
+ * You should also indicate whether the host supports High Capicity cards,
+ * and check whether the card is high capacity - i'll also ignore this.
+ *
+ * SPI Protocol
+ * ------------
+ * The SD SPI protocol is based on transactions made up of 8-bit words, with
+ * the host starting every bus transaction by asserting the CS signal low. The
+ * card always responds to commands, data blocks and errors.
+ *
+ * The protocol supports a CRC, but by default it is off (except for the
+ * first reset CMD0, where the CRC can just be pre-calculated, and CMD8)
+ * I'll leave the CRC off I think!
+ *
+ * Standard capacity cards have variable data block sizes, whereas High
+ * Capacity cards fix the size of data block to 512 bytes. I'll therefore
+ * just always use the Standard Capacity cards with a block size of 512 bytes.
+ * This is set with CMD16.
+ *
+ * You can read and write single blocks (CMD17, CMD25) or multiple blocks
+ * (CMD18, CMD25). For simplicity, I'll just use single block accesses. When
+ * the card gets a read command, it responds with a response token, and then
+ * a data token or an error.
+ *
+ * SPI Command Format
+ * ------------------
+ * Commands are 6-bytes long, containing the command, 32-bit argument, and CRC.
+ *
+ * +---------------+------------+------------+-----------+----------+--------------+
+ * | 01 | cmd[5:0] | arg[31:24] | arg[23:16] | arg[15:8] | arg[7:0] | crc[6:0] |
+ * 1 |
+ * +---------------+------------+------------+-----------+----------+--------------+
+ *
+ * As I'm not using CRC, I can fix that byte to what is needed for CMD0 (0x95)
+ *
+ * All Application Specific commands shall be preceded with APP_CMD (CMD55).
+ *
+ * SPI Response Format
+ * -------------------
+ * The main response format (R1) is a status byte (normally zero). Key flags:
+ *  idle - 1 if the card is in an idle state/initialising
+ *  cmd  - 1 if an illegal command code was detected
+ *
+ *    +-------------------------------------------------+
+ * R1 | 0 | arg | addr | seq | crc | cmd | erase | idle |
+ *    +-------------------------------------------------+
+ *
+ * R1b is the same, except it is followed by a busy signal (zeros) until
+ * the first non-zero byte when it is ready again.
+ *
+ * Data Response Token
+ * -------------------
+ * Every data block written to the card is acknowledged by a byte
+ * response token
+ *
+ * +----------------------+
+ * | xxx | 0 | status | 1 |
+ * +----------------------+
+ *              010 - OK!
+ *              101 - CRC Error
+ *              110 - Write Error
+ *
+ * Single Block Read and Write
+ * ---------------------------
+ *
+ * Block transfers have a byte header, followed by the data, followed
+ * by a 16-bit CRC. In our case, the data will always be 512 bytes.
+ *
+ * +------+---------+---------+- -  - -+---------+-----------+----------+
+ * | 0xFE | data[0] | data[1] |        | data[n] | crc[15:8] | crc[7:0] |
+ * +------+---------+---------+- -  - -+---------+-----------+----------+
+ */
+
+/* Standard includes. */
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+//
+#include "crc.h"
+#include "diskio.h" /* Declarations of disk functions */  // Needed for STA_NOINIT, ...
+#include "hw_config.h"  // Hardware Configuration of the SPI and SD Card "objects"
+#include "my_debug.h"
+#include "delays.h"
+#include "sd_card.h"
+#include "sd_card_constants.h"
+#include "sd_spi.h"
+#include "sd_timeouts.h"
+#include "util.h"
+//
+#include "sd_card_spi.h"
+
+#if defined(NDEBUG) || !USE_DBG_PRINTF
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef TRACE
+#  define TRACE 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SD_CRC_ENABLED
+#define SD_CRC_ENABLED 1
+#endif
+
+#if SD_CRC_ENABLED
+static bool crc_on = true;
+#else
+static bool crc_on = false;
+#endif
+
+#define TRACE_PRINTF(fmt, args...)
+//#define TRACE_PRINTF DBG_PRINTF
+
+/**
+ * @brief Control Tokens
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    SPI_DATA_RESPONSE_MASK = 0x1F,
+    SPI_DATA_ACCEPTED = 0x05,
+    SPI_DATA_CRC_ERROR = 0x0B,
+    SPI_DATA_WRITE_ERROR = 0x0D,
+    SPI_START_BLOCK = 0xFE,
+    SPI_START_BLK_MUL_WRITE = 0xFC,
+    SPI_STOP_TRAN = 0xFD,
+} spi_control_t;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Data Error Token Mask
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    SPI_DATA_READ_ERROR_MASK = 0xF,
+} spi_data_read_error_mask_t;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Data Error Token Flags
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    SPI_READ_ERROR = 0x1 << 0,
+    SPI_READ_ERROR_CC = 0x1 << 1,
+    SPI_READ_ERROR_ECC_C = 0x1 << 2,
+    SPI_READ_ERROR_OFR = 0x1 << 3,
+} spi_data_read_error_t;
+
+/**
+ * @brief R1 Response Format
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    R1_NO_RESPONSE = 0xFF,
+    R1_RESPONSE_RECV = 0x80,
+    R1_IDLE_STATE = 1 << 0,
+    R1_ERASE_RESET = 1 << 1,
+    R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND = 1 << 2,
+    R1_COM_CRC_ERROR = 1 << 3,
+    R1_ERASE_SEQUENCE_ERROR = 1 << 4,
+    R1_ADDRESS_ERROR = 1 << 5,
+    R1_PARAMETER_ERROR = 1 << 6,
+} spi_r1_response_t;
+
+/* SIZE in Bytes */
+#define PACKET_SIZE 6         /*!< SD Packet size CMD+ARG+CRC */
+/**
+ * @brief OCR Register Flags
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    OCR_HCS_CCS = 0x1 << 30,
+    OCR_LOW_VOLTAGE = 0x01 << 24,
+    OCR_3_3V = 0x1 << 20,
+} spi_ocr_register_t;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Control Command
+ *
+ * @param x Command
+ */
+#define SPI_CMD(x) (0x40 | (x & 0x3f))
+
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
+
+/**
+ * @brief Send a command over SPI interface
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the sd card structure
+ * @param cmd Command to send
+ * @param arg Argument to send with the command
+ *
+ * @return The response from the card
+ *
+ * @details
+ * This function sends a command over the SPI interface and waits for the
+ * response. The command is prepared by setting the correct bits in the packet
+ * and calculating the CRC if necessary. The command is then sent and the
+ * response is received and returned.
+ *
+ * @note
+ * For CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION, the first byte received is a stuff byte and
+ * should be discarded.
+ */
+static uint8_t sd_cmd_spi(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, cmdSupported cmd, uint32_t arg) {
+    uint8_t cmd_packet[PACKET_SIZE] = {
+        SPI_CMD(cmd),
+        (arg >> 24),
+        (arg >> 16),
+        (arg >> 8),
+        (arg >> 0),
+    };
+
+    if (crc_on) {
+        cmd_packet[5] = (crc7(cmd_packet, 5) << 1) | 0x01;
+    } else {
+        // CMD0 is executed in SD mode, hence should have correct CRC
+        // CMD8 CRC verification is always enabled
+        switch (cmd) {
+            case CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE:
+                cmd_packet[5] = 0x95;
+                break;
+            case CMD8_SEND_IF_COND:
+                cmd_packet[5] = 0x87;
+                break;
+            default:
+                // Make sure bit 0-End bit is high
+                cmd_packet[5] = 0xFF;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    // send a command
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < PACKET_SIZE; i++) {
+        sd_spi_write(sd_card_p, cmd_packet[i]);
+    }
+
+    // The received byte immediately following CMD12 is a stuff byte,
+    // it should be discarded before receive the response of the CMD12.
+    if (CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION == cmd) {
+        sd_spi_write(sd_card_p, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
+    }
+
+    // Loop for response: Response is sent back within command response time
+    // (NCR), 0 to 8 bytes for SDC
+    uint8_t response;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 0x10; i++) {
+        response = sd_spi_read(sd_card_p);
+        // Got the response
+        if (!(response & R1_RESPONSE_RECV)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return response;
+}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
+/**
+ * @brief Wait for the SD card to be ready for the next command.
+ *
+ * Sends dummy clocks with DI held high until the card releases the DO line.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the sd_card_t struct.
+ * @param timeout The maximum time to wait for the card to become ready.
+ *
+ * @return true if the card is ready, false otherwise.
+ */
+static bool sd_wait_ready(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t timeout) {
+    char resp;
+
+    // Keep sending dummy clocks with DI held high until the card releases the
+    // DO line
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    do {
+        resp = sd_spi_write_read(sd_card_p, 0xFF);
+    } while (resp != 0xFF && millis() - start < timeout);
+    /* Checking for 0xFF provides a little extra margin to 
+    make sure that DO has gone high and stayed there.
+    (the alternative is to accept the first non-zero byte) */
+    if (resp != 0xFF) DBG_PRINTF("%s failed\n", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    // Return success/failure
+    return (0xFF == resp);
+}
+
+/* Locks the SD card and acquires its SPI
+Potential optimization: the SPI could be locked separately,
+so if there are multiple SD cards on one SPI,
+another SD card could use the SPI during any gaps
+in the first SD card's utilization.
+However, these gaps are generally small.
+*/
+static void sd_acquire(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_lock(sd_card_p);
+    sd_spi_acquire(sd_card_p);
+}
+static void sd_release(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_spi_release(sd_card_p);
+    sd_unlock(sd_card_p);
+}
+
+#if TRACE
+static const char *cmd2str(const cmdSupported cmd) {
+    switch (cmd) {
+        default:
+            return "CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED";
+        case CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE:
+            return "CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE";
+        case CMD1_SEND_OP_COND:
+            return "CMD1_SEND_OP_COND";
+        case CMD6_SWITCH_FUNC:
+            return "CMD6_SWITCH_FUNC";
+        case CMD8_SEND_IF_COND:
+            return "CMD8_SEND_IF_COND";
+        case CMD9_SEND_CSD:
+            return "CMD9_SEND_CSD";
+        case CMD10_SEND_CID:
+            return "CMD10_SEND_CID";
+        case CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION:
+            return "CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION";
+        case CMD13_SEND_STATUS:
+            return "CMD13_SEND_STATUS or ACMD6_SET_BUS_WIDTH or "
+                   "ACMD13_SD_STATUS";
+        case CMD16_SET_BLOCKLEN:
+            return "CMD16_SET_BLOCKLEN";
+        case CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK:
+            return "CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK";
+        case CMD18_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK:
+            return "CMD18_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK";
+        case CMD24_WRITE_BLOCK:
+            return "CMD24_WRITE_BLOCK";
+        case CMD25_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK:
+            return "CMD25_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK";
+        case CMD27_PROGRAM_CSD:
+            return "CMD27_PROGRAM_CSD";
+        case CMD32_ERASE_WR_BLK_START_ADDR:
+            return "CMD32_ERASE_WR_BLK_START_ADDR";
+        case CMD33_ERASE_WR_BLK_END_ADDR:
+            return "CMD33_ERASE_WR_BLK_END_ADDR";
+        case CMD38_ERASE:
+            return "CMD38_ERASE";
+        case CMD55_APP_CMD:
+            return "CMD55_APP_CMD";
+        case CMD56_GEN_CMD:
+            return "CMD56_GEN_CMD";
+        case CMD58_READ_OCR:
+            return "CMD58_READ_OCR";
+        case CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF:
+            return "CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF";
+        // case ACMD6_SET_BUS_WIDTH:
+        // case ACMD13_SD_STATUS:
+        case ACMD22_SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS:
+            return "ACMD22_SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS";
+        case ACMD23_SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT:
+            return "ACMD23_SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT";
+        case ACMD41_SD_SEND_OP_COND:
+            return "ACMD41_SD_SEND_OP_COND";
+        case ACMD42_SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT:
+            return "ACMD42_SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT";
+        case ACMD51_SEND_SCR:
+            return "ACMD51_SEND_SCR";
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @brief Check the response of the card status command (CMD13) and set
+ * the status bit accordingly.
+ *
+ * @param response The response of the card status command (CMD13).
+ *
+ * @return The status of the SD card.
+ */
+static int chk_CMD13_response(uint32_t response) {
+    int32_t status = 0;
+    DBG_PRINTF("Card Status: R2: 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", response);
+    if (response & 0x01 << 0) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Card is Locked\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 1) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("WP Erase Skip, Lock/Unlock Cmd Failed\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE_PROTECTED;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 2) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Error\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 3) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("CC Error\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 4) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Card ECC Failed\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 5) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("WP Violation\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE_PROTECTED;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 6) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Erase Param\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_ERASE;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 7) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Out of Range, CSD_Overwrite\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 8) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("In Idle State\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 9) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Erase Reset\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_ERASE;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 10) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Illegal Command\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 11) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Com CRC Error\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 12) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Erase Sequence Error\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_ERASE;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 13) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Address Error\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    if (response & 0x01 << 14) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Parameter Error\n");
+        status |= SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
+
+/**
+ * @brief Send a command to the SD card.
+ * @param sd_card_p pointer to sd_card_t structure
+ * @param cmd command to send
+ * @param arg argument for the command
+ * @param isAcmd true if this is an application command
+ * @param resp pointer to a uint32_t to save the response
+ * @return error code
+ *
+ * This function sends a command to the SD card and waits for the response.
+ * It will retry the command up to sd_timeouts.sd_command_retries times if there is no response.
+ * The response is stored in the @p resp variable if it is not NULL.
+ * The function will return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE if the command was successful,
+ * SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE if there was no response,
+ * SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC if there was a CRC error,
+ * SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED if the command was not supported,
+ * SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER if there was a parameter error,
+ * SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_ERASE if there was an erase error.
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t sd_cmd(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const cmdSupported cmd, uint32_t arg,
+                              bool isAcmd, uint32_t *resp) {
+    //    TRACE_PRINTF("%s(%s(0x%08lx)): ", __FUNCTION__, cmd2str(cmd), arg);
+    myASSERT(sd_is_locked(sd_card_p));
+    myASSERT(0 == gpio_get(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio));
+
+    int32_t status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+    uint32_t response = 0;
+
+    // No need to wait for card to be ready when sending the stop command
+    if (CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION != cmd && CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE != cmd) {
+        if (false == sd_wait_ready(sd_card_p, sd_timeouts.sd_command)) {
+            DBG_PRINTF("Card not ready yet\n");
+            return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
+        }
+    }
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < sd_timeouts.sd_command_retries; i++) {
+        // Send CMD55 for APP command first
+        if (isAcmd) {
+            response = sd_cmd_spi(sd_card_p, CMD55_APP_CMD, 0x0);
+            // Wait for card to be ready after CMD55
+            if (false == sd_wait_ready(sd_card_p, sd_timeouts.sd_command)) {
+                DBG_PRINTF("Card not ready yet\n");
+            }
+        }
+        // Send command over SPI interface
+        response = sd_cmd_spi(sd_card_p, cmd, arg);
+        if (R1_NO_RESPONSE == response) {
+            DBG_PRINTF("No response CMD:%d\n", cmd);
+            // Re-try command
+            continue;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    // Pass the response to the command call if required
+    if (NULL != resp) {
+        *resp = response;
+    }
+    // Process the response R1  : Exit on CRC/Illegal command error/No response
+    if (R1_NO_RESPONSE == response) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("No response CMD:%d response: 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", cmd, response);
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
+    }
+    if (response & R1_COM_CRC_ERROR && ACMD23_SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT != cmd) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("CRC error CMD:%d response 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", cmd, response);
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC;  // CRC error
+    }
+    if (response & R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND) {
+        if (ACMD23_SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT != cmd)
+            DBG_PRINTF("Illegal command CMD:%d response 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", cmd, response);
+        if (CMD8_SEND_IF_COND == cmd) {
+            // Illegal command is for Ver1 or not SD Card
+            sd_card_p->state.card_type = CARD_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;  // Command not supported
+    }
+
+    //	DBG_PRINTF("CMD:%d \t arg:0x%" PRIx32 " \t Response:0x%" PRIx32 "\n",
+    // cmd, arg, response);
+    // Set status for other errors
+    if ((response & R1_ERASE_RESET) || (response & R1_ERASE_SEQUENCE_ERROR)) {
+        status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_ERASE;  // Erase error
+    } else if ((response & R1_ADDRESS_ERROR) || (response & R1_PARAMETER_ERROR)) {
+        // Misaligned address / invalid address block length
+        status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    // Get rest of the response part for other commands
+    switch (cmd) {
+        case CMD8_SEND_IF_COND:  // Response R7
+            DBG_PRINTF("V2-Version Card\n");
+            sd_card_p->state.card_type = SDCARD_V2;  // fallthrough
+            // Note: No break here, need to read rest of the response
+        case CMD58_READ_OCR:  // Response R3
+            response = (sd_spi_read(sd_card_p) << 24);
+            response |= (sd_spi_read(sd_card_p) << 16);
+            response |= (sd_spi_read(sd_card_p) << 8);
+            response |= sd_spi_read(sd_card_p);
+            DBG_PRINTF("R3/R7: 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", response);
+            break;
+        case CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION:  // Response R1b
+        case CMD38_ERASE:
+            sd_wait_ready(sd_card_p, sd_timeouts.sd_command);
+            break;
+        case CMD13_SEND_STATUS:  // Response R2
+            response <<= 8;
+            response |= sd_spi_read(sd_card_p);
+            if (response) status = chk_CMD13_response(response);
+        default:;
+    }
+    // Pass the updated response to the command
+    if (NULL != resp) {
+        *resp = response;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
+/* R7 response pattern for CMD8 */
+#define CMD8_PATTERN (0xAA)
+
+/**
+ * @brief Send CMD8 to check if the card supports version 2.0 of the SD spec.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card information structure.
+ * @return sd_block_dev_err_t Returns SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE if the card
+ * supports version 2.0 of the SD spec, SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED if the
+ * card does not support version 2.0 of the SD spec, or other error codes as
+ * defined in sd_block_dev_err_t.
+ *
+ * @details CMD8 is sent to check if the card supports version 2.0 of the SD
+ * spec. The response from the card is checked to see if the card supports
+ * version 2.0 of the SD spec. If the card does not support version 2.0 of the SD
+ * spec, the card type is set to CARD_UNKNOWN and the card is considered
+ * unreadable.
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t sd_cmd8(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    uint32_t arg = (CMD8_PATTERN << 0);  // [7:0]check pattern
+    uint32_t response = 0;
+    int32_t status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    arg |= (0x1 << 8);  // 2.7-3.6V             // [11:8]supply voltage(VHS)
+
+    status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD8_SEND_IF_COND, arg, false, &response);
+    // Verify voltage and pattern for V2 version of card
+    if ((SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE == status) && (SDCARD_V2 == sd_card_p->state.card_type)) {
+        // If check pattern is not matched, CMD8 communication is not valid
+        if ((response & 0xFFF) != arg) {
+            DBG_PRINTF("CMD8 Pattern mismatch 0x%" PRIx32 " : 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", arg, response);
+            sd_card_p->state.card_type = CARD_UNKNOWN;
+            status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNUSABLE;
+        }
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+static block_dev_err_t read_bytes(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t length);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Get the number of sectors on an SD card.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p A pointer to the sd_card_t structure for the card.
+ *
+ * @return The number of sectors on the card, or 0 if an error occurred.
+ *
+ * @details This function sends a CMD9 command to the card to get the Card Specific
+ * Data (CSD) and then extracts the number of sectors from the CSD.
+ */
+static uint32_t in_sd_spi_sectors(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    // CMD9, Response R2 (R1 byte + 16-byte block read)
+    if (sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD9_SEND_CSD, 0x0, false, 0) != 0x0) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Didn't get a response from the disk\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (read_bytes(sd_card_p, sd_card_p->state.CSD, 16) != 0) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Couldn't read CSD response from disk\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return CSD_sectors(sd_card_p->state.CSD);
+}
+/**
+ * @brief Get the number of sectors on an SD card.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p A pointer to the sd_card_t structure for the card.
+ *
+ * @return The number of sectors on the card, or 0 if an error occurred.
+ *
+ * @details This function gets the number of sectors by first acquiring the card,
+ *          then calling in_sd_spi_sectors to get the number of sectors, and finally
+ *          releasing the card.
+ */
+uint32_t sd_spi_sectors(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_acquire(sd_card_p);
+    uint32_t sectors = in_sd_spi_sectors(sd_card_p);
+    sd_release(sd_card_p);
+    return sectors;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Wait for the card to become ready and send a given token.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p A pointer to the sd_card_t structure for the card.
+ * @param token The token to be sent once the card is ready.
+ *
+ * @return True if the card became ready and the token was sent, false otherwise.
+ *
+ * @details The function waits until the card is ready and then sends the given
+ *          token. If the card doesn't become ready within the timeout period,
+ *          the function returns false.
+ */
+static bool sd_wait_token(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t token) {
+    //TRACE_PRINTF("%s(0x%02x)\n", __FUNCTION__, token);
+
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    do {
+        if (token == sd_spi_read(sd_card_p)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    } while (millis() - start < sd_timeouts.sd_command);
+
+    DBG_PRINTF("sd_wait_token: timeout\n");
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool chk_crc16(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, uint16_t crc) {
+    if (crc_on) {
+        uint16_t crc_result;
+        // Compute and verify checksum
+        crc_result = crc16(buffer, length);
+        if (crc_result != crc)
+            DBG_PRINTF("%s: Invalid CRC received: 0x%" PRIx16 " computed: 0x%" PRIx16 "\n",
+                    __func__, crc, crc_result);
+        return (crc_result == crc);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+#define SPI_START_BLOCK (0xFE) /* For Single Block Read/Write and Multiple Block Read */
+
+static block_dev_err_t stop_wr_tran(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+
+static block_dev_err_t read_bytes(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t length) {
+    uint16_t crc;
+
+    // read until start byte (0xFE)
+    if (false == sd_wait_token(sd_card_p, SPI_START_BLOCK)) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("%s:%d Read timeout\n", __func__, __LINE__);
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
+    }
+    bool ok = sd_spi_transfer(sd_card_p, NULL, buffer, length);
+    if (!ok) return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
+
+    // Read the CRC16 checksum for the data block
+    crc = (sd_spi_read(sd_card_p) << 8);
+    crc |= sd_spi_read(sd_card_p);
+
+    if (!chk_crc16(buffer, length, crc)) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("%s: Invalid CRC received: 0x%" PRIx16 "\n", __func__, crc);
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+/**
+ * @brief Read a block of data from the SD card.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p pointer to sd_card_t structure
+ * @param buffer pointer to the buffer to store the data
+ * @param data_address the address of the block to read
+ * @param num_rd_blks the number of blocks to read
+ *
+ * @return error code
+ *
+ * @details
+ * This function checks if the SD card is initialized and has a valid disk,
+ * and if the number of blocks to read is not zero and is within the range of
+ * the card's sectors. If not, it returns SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER.
+ * If there is an ongoing write transmission, it stops it. 
+ * It then sends a command to receive data based on
+ * the number of blocks to read. It reads the data from the SD card and checks
+ * the CRC16 checksum for each block. If the two match, the function continues
+ * to the next block. If the number of blocks to read is greater than 1, it
+ * sends CMD12 to stop the transmission after all blocks have been
+ * read. It then checks the CRC16 checksum for the last block and returns the
+ * error code.
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t in_sd_read_blocks(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t *buffer,
+                                         const uint32_t data_address,
+                                         const uint32_t num_rd_blks) {
+    if (sd_card_p->state.m_Status & (STA_NOINIT | STA_NODISK))
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+    if (!num_rd_blks) return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+    if (data_address + num_rd_blks > sd_card_p->state.sectors)
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+
+    block_dev_err_t status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    // Stop any ongoing write transmission
+    if (sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.ongoing_mlt_blk_wrt) {
+        status = stop_wr_tran(sd_card_p);
+        if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) return status;
+    }
+
+    // Send command to receive data
+    if (num_rd_blks == 1)
+        status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK, data_address, false, 0);
+    else
+        status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD18_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK, data_address, false, 0);
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) return status;
+
+    /* Optimization:
+    While the DMA is busy transfering the block data,
+    use the some of the wait time to check the CRC
+    for the previous block.
+    */
+    uint16_t prev_block_crc = 0;
+    uint8_t *prev_buffer_addr = 0;
+    uint32_t blk_cnt = num_rd_blks;
+
+    // receive the data : one block at a time
+    while (blk_cnt) {
+        // read until start byte (0xFE)
+        if (!sd_wait_token(sd_card_p, SPI_START_BLOCK)) {
+            DBG_PRINTF("%s:%d Read timeout\n", __func__, __LINE__);
+            return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
+        }
+        // read data
+        sd_spi_transfer_start(sd_card_p, NULL, buffer, sd_block_size);
+
+        // Check the CRC16 checksum for the previous data block
+        if (prev_buffer_addr) {
+            // Check previous block's CRC:
+            if (!chk_crc16(prev_buffer_addr, sd_block_size, prev_block_crc)) {
+                DBG_PRINTF("%s: Invalid CRC received: 0x%" PRIx16 "\n", __func__,
+                           prev_block_crc);
+                return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        uint32_t timeout = calculate_transfer_time_ms(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi, sd_block_size);
+        bool ok = sd_spi_transfer_wait_complete(sd_card_p, timeout);
+        if (!ok) return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
+
+        // Read the CRC16 checksum for the data block
+        prev_block_crc = sd_spi_read(sd_card_p) << 8;
+        prev_block_crc |= sd_spi_read(sd_card_p);
+        prev_buffer_addr = buffer;
+        buffer += sd_block_size;
+        --blk_cnt;
+    }
+
+    if (num_rd_blks > 1) {
+        // Send CMD12(0x00000000) to stop the transmission for multi-block transfer
+        status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION, 0x0, false, 0);
+        if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) return status;
+    }
+    // Check final block's CRC:
+    if (!chk_crc16(prev_buffer_addr, sd_block_size, prev_block_crc)) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("%s: Invalid CRC received: 0x%" PRIx16 "\n", __func__, prev_block_crc);
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+static block_dev_err_t sd_read_blocks(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t *buffer,
+                                      uint32_t data_address, uint32_t num_rd_blks) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("sd_read_blocks(0x%p, 0x%lx, 0x%lx)\n", buffer, data_address, num_rd_blks);
+    sd_acquire(sd_card_p);
+    unsigned retries = sd_timeouts.sd_command_retries;
+    block_dev_err_t status;
+    do {
+        status = in_sd_read_blocks(sd_card_p, buffer, data_address, num_rd_blks);
+        if (status != SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE) {
+            if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE !=
+                sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION, 0x0, false, 0))
+                return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE;
+        }
+    } while (--retries && status != SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE);
+    sd_release(sd_card_p);
+    return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Send the numbers of the well written (without errors) blocks.
+ * 
+ * This function sends the ACMD22 command to the SD card to get the number of
+ * blocks that were successfully written without errors. It then reads the
+ * response from the SD card and returns it.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card object.
+ * @param num_p Pointer to a variable to store the number of blocks.
+ *
+ * @return Block device error code. Returns SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE on success,
+ *         SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the SD card is not responding,
+ *         SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC if there was a CRC error reading the response,
+ *         SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER if an invalid parameter was passed.
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t get_num_wr_blocks(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t *num_p) {
+    // Send the ACMD22 command to get the number of written blocks
+    block_dev_err_t err = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, ACMD22_SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS, 0, true, NULL);
+    
+    // If the command was not successful, return the error code
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != err) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Didn't get a response from the disk\n");
+        return err;
+    }
+    
+    // Read the response from the SD card and store it in the num_p variable
+    err = read_bytes(sd_card_p, (uint8_t *)num_p, sizeof(uint32_t));
+    *num_p = __builtin_bswap32(*num_p);
+    
+    // If there was an error reading the response, return the error code
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != err) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Couldn't read NUM_WR_BLOCKS response from disk\n");
+        return err;
+    }
+    
+    // Return success
+    return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Send a single block of data to the SD card.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card object.
+ * @param buffer Pointer to the buffer containing the data to be sent.
+ * @param token The token to be sent before the data.
+ * @param length The length of the data to be sent.
+ *
+ * @return Block device error code.
+ *
+ * @details
+ * The function sends a single block of data to the SD card. It starts by sending the start block
+ * token, then writes the data using the SPI transfer function. While the SPI transfer is ongoing,
+ * the function computes the CRC16 checksum of the data if CRC checking is enabled. After the SPI
+ * transfer is complete, the function writes the CRC16 checksum to the SD card. Finally, the function
+ * checks the response token and returns an error code if the data was not accepted.
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t send_block(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t token,
+                                     uint32_t length)
+{
+    uint8_t response;
+
+    /* Indicate start of block - Start Block Token */
+    response = sd_spi_write_read(sd_card_p, token);
+    if (!response) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Start Block Token not accepted. Response: 0x%x\n", response);
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
+    }
+
+    // Write the data
+    sd_spi_transfer_start(sd_card_p, buffer, NULL, length);
+
+    /* Optimization:
+    While the DMA is busy transfering the block data,
+    use the some of the wait time to calculate the CRC.
+    Typically, DMA transfer of the block data takes about 244 us,
+    but the CRC16 calculation takes only about 66 us.
+    */
+
+    uint16_t crc = (~0);
+    // While DMA transfers the block, compute CRC:
+    if (crc_on) {
+        // Compute CRC
+        crc = crc16((void *)buffer, length);
+    }
+    uint32_t timeout = calculate_transfer_time_ms(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi, length);
+    bool ok = sd_spi_transfer_wait_complete(sd_card_p, timeout);
+    if (!ok) return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
+
+    // Write the checksum CRC16
+    sd_spi_write(sd_card_p, crc >> 8);
+    sd_spi_write(sd_card_p, crc);
+
+    block_dev_err_t rc = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    // Check the response token
+    response = sd_spi_read(sd_card_p);
+
+    // Only CRC and general write error are communicated via response token
+    if ((response & SPI_DATA_RESPONSE_MASK) != SPI_DATA_ACCEPTED) {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("%s: Block Write not accepted. Response token: 0x%x, "
+                "status bits: %d%d%d\n",
+                sd_get_drive_prefix(sd_card_p),
+                response,
+                response & 0b1000 ? 1 : 0,
+                response & 0b0100 ? 1 : 0,
+                response & 0b0010 ? 1 : 0
+                );
+        /*
+         * The meaning of the status bits (bits 3, 2 & 1)
+         * is defined as follows:
+         *   '010' - Data accepted.
+         *   '101' - Data rejected due to a CRC error.
+         *   '110' - Data Rejected due to a Write Error
+         * In case of any error (CRC or Write Error) during Write Multiple Block operation, the
+         * host shall stop the data transmission using CMD12. In case of a Write Error (response
+         * '110'), the host may send CMD13 (SEND_STATUS) in order to get the cause of the write
+         * problem. ACMD22 can be used to find the number of well written write blocks.
+         */
+
+        rc = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
+    }
+    // Wait while card is busy programming
+    if (false == sd_wait_ready(sd_card_p, sd_timeouts.sd_command)) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("%s:%d: Card not ready yet\n", __func__, __LINE__);
+        rc = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE;
+    }
+    return rc;
+}
+/**
+ * @brief Send all blocks of data, one block at a time.
+ * 
+ * The function performs the following steps:
+ *  - Sends each block of data using the send_block() function
+ *  - Checks the status of each send operation and stop if there is an error
+ *  - Updates the buffer pointer and data address after each send operation
+ *  - Sets the ongoing_mlt_blk_wrt flag to true if all blocks are sent successfully
+ *  - Otherwise, stops the ongoing multiblock write and resets the number of
+ *    blocks requested
+ * 
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card object.
+ * @param buffer_p Pointer to the array of const uint8_t pointers. Each pointer
+ *                 points to the start of the block of data to be written.
+ * @param data_address_p Pointer to the address of the first block of data to be
+ *                       written.
+ * @param num_wrt_blks_p Pointer to the number of blocks to be written.
+ * 
+ * @return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE if all blocks are sent successfully,
+ *         otherwise an error code.
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t send_all_blocks(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t *buffer_p[],
+        uint32_t * const data_address_p,
+        uint32_t * const num_wrt_blks_p)
+{
+    block_dev_err_t status;
+    do {
+        status = send_block(sd_card_p, *buffer_p, SPI_START_BLK_MUL_WRITE, sd_block_size);
+        if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) break;
+        *buffer_p += sd_block_size;
+        ++*data_address_p;
+    } while (--*num_wrt_blks_p);
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE == status) {
+        myASSERT(!*num_wrt_blks_p);
+        sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.cont_sector_wrt = *data_address_p;
+        sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.ongoing_mlt_blk_wrt = true;
+    } else {
+        // sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.n_wrt_blks_reqd cleared in stop_wr_tran
+        uint32_t n_wrt_blks_reqd = sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.n_wrt_blks_reqd;
+        stop_wr_tran(sd_card_p); // Ignore return value
+        uint32_t nw;
+        block_dev_err_t err = get_num_wr_blocks(sd_card_p, &nw);
+        if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE == err) {
+            DBG_PRINTF("blocks_requested: %lu, NUM_WR_BLOCKS: %lu\n",
+                    n_wrt_blks_reqd, nw);
+            *num_wrt_blks_p = n_wrt_blks_reqd - nw;
+        }
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+/**
+ * @brief Write multiple blocks of data to the SD card.
+ * 
+ * If there is an ongoing multiblock write and the next write is contiguous,
+ * this function will continue the write operation without stopping the
+ * transmission. Otherwise, it will stop any ongoing write transmission
+ * and send the command to perform the write operation.
+ * 
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card object.
+ * @param buffer_p Pointer to the array of const uint8_t pointers. Each pointer
+ *                 points to the data buffer for a block.
+ * @param data_address_p Pointer to the integer storing the data address.
+ * @param num_wrt_blks_p Pointer to the integer storing the number of blocks to
+ *                       write.
+ * @return block_dev_err_t Error code indicating the status of the write operation.
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t in_sd_write_blocks(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, 
+                                          const uint8_t *buffer_p[],
+                                          uint32_t * const data_address_p,
+                                          uint32_t * const num_wrt_blks_p)
+{
+    block_dev_err_t status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    /* Continue a multiblock write */
+    if (sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.ongoing_mlt_blk_wrt &&
+        	sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.cont_sector_wrt == *data_address_p) {
+        // Update the number of blocks requested for write
+        sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.n_wrt_blks_reqd += *num_wrt_blks_p;
+        // Send all blocks of data
+        return send_all_blocks(sd_card_p, buffer_p, data_address_p, num_wrt_blks_p);
+    }
+
+    // Stop any ongoing write transmission
+    if (sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.ongoing_mlt_blk_wrt) {
+        status = stop_wr_tran(sd_card_p);
+        if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) return status;
+    }
+
+    // Send command to perform write operation
+    status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD25_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK, *data_address_p, false, 0);
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) return status;
+
+    // Update the number of blocks requested for write
+    sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.n_wrt_blks_reqd = *num_wrt_blks_p;
+    // Send all blocks of data
+    return send_all_blocks(sd_card_p, buffer_p, data_address_p, num_wrt_blks_p);
+    /* Optimization:
+    To optimize large contiguous writes,
+    postpone stopping transmission until it is
+    clear that the next operation is not a continuation.
+
+    Any transactions other than a `sd_write_blocks`
+    continuation must stop any ongoing transmission
+    before proceeding.
+    */
+}
+static block_dev_err_t stop_wr_tran(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.ongoing_mlt_blk_wrt = false;
+    /* In a Multiple Block write operation, the stop transmission will be
+     * done by sending 'Stop Tran' token instead of 'Start Block' token at
+     * the beginning of the next block
+     */
+    sd_spi_write(sd_card_p, SPI_STOP_TRAN);
+    /*
+    Once the programming operation is completed, the
+    host must check the results of the programming
+    using the SEND_STATUS command (CMD13).
+    Some errors (e.g. address out of range, write
+    protect violation, etc.) are detected during
+    programming only. The only validation check
+    performed on the data block and communicated to
+    the host via the data-response token is CRC.
+    */
+
+    if (false == sd_wait_ready(sd_card_p, sd_timeouts.sd_command)) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Card not ready yet\n");
+    }
+
+    uint32_t stat = 0;
+    sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.n_wrt_blks_reqd = 0;
+    return sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD13_SEND_STATUS, 0, false, &stat);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Writes a single block to the SD card
+ *
+ * @param[in] sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card
+ * @param[in] buffer Buffer of data to write to the block
+ * @param[in] address Logical Address of the block to write to (LBA)
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE on success
+ * - error code on failure
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t write_block(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t *buffer,
+                                          uint32_t const address)
+{
+    // Stop any ongoing multiple block write transmission
+    block_dev_err_t status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+    if (sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.ongoing_mlt_blk_wrt) {
+        status = stop_wr_tran(sd_card_p);
+        if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) return status;
+    }
+
+    // Send command to perform the write operation
+    status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD24_WRITE_BLOCK, address, false, 0);
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) return status;
+
+    // Write data
+    send_block(sd_card_p, buffer, SPI_START_BLOCK, sd_block_size);
+
+    /*
+    Once the programming operation is completed, the
+    host must check the results of the programming
+    using the SEND_STATUS command (CMD13).
+    Some errors (e.g. address out of range, write
+    protect violation, etc.) are detected during
+    programming only. The only validation check
+    performed on the data block and communicated to
+    the host via the data-response token is CRC.
+    */
+
+    // Send command to get the status of the card
+    uint32_t stat = 0;
+    status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD13_SEND_STATUS, 0, false, &stat);
+
+    return status;
+}
+/**
+ * @brief Programs blocks to a block device
+ *
+ * @param[in] sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card
+ * @param[in] buffer Buffer of data to write to blocks
+ * @param[in] data_address Logical Address of block to begin writing to (LBA)
+ * @param[in] num_wrt_blks Size to write in blocks
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE on success
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device (SD card) is missing or not connected
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC if there was a CRC error
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER if an invalid parameter was passed
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED if the command is unsupported
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_INIT if the device is not initialized
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE if there was an SPI write error
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_ERASE if there was an erase error
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t sd_write_blocks(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t const buffer[],
+                                       uint32_t data_address, uint32_t num_wrt_blks) 
+{
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s(0x%p, 0x%lx, 0x%lx)\n", __func__, buffer, data_address, num_wrt_blks);
+    // Check if the SD card pointer is valid
+    if (NULL == sd_card_p)
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+
+    // Check if the device is initialized and not missing
+    if (sd_card_p->state.m_Status & (STA_NOINIT | STA_NODISK))
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+
+    // Check if the number of blocks to write is valid
+    if (!num_wrt_blks) return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+
+    // Calculate the end address
+    uint32_t end_address = data_address + num_wrt_blks;
+
+    // Check if the end address is within the device's boundaries
+    if (end_address >= sd_card_p->state.sectors)
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER;
+
+    // Acquire the SD card
+    sd_acquire(sd_card_p);
+
+    block_dev_err_t status;
+
+    // If writing only one block, use the optimized function
+    if (1 == num_wrt_blks) {
+        status = write_block(sd_card_p, buffer, data_address);
+    } else {
+        // If writing multiple blocks, retry the operation until it succeeds or reaches the maximum number of retries
+        unsigned retries = sd_timeouts.sd_command_retries;
+        do {
+            if (retries < sd_timeouts.sd_command_retries) DBG_PRINTF("Retrying\n");
+            status = in_sd_write_blocks(sd_card_p, &buffer, &data_address, &num_wrt_blks);
+            if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE == status)
+                DBG_PRINTF("%s status=0x%x data_address=%lu num_wrt_blks=%lu\n", sd_get_drive_prefix(sd_card_p), status, data_address, num_wrt_blks);
+        } while (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE == status && --retries && num_wrt_blks);
+    }
+
+    // Release the SD card
+    sd_release(sd_card_p);
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Synchronize the SD card
+ *
+ * This function is used to ensure that any ongoing write operations are
+ * completed before the SD card is released. This is necessary to ensure
+ * that the SD card is not released while it is still busy with a write
+ * operation.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card object.
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE on success
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE if there was a write error
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED if the command is unsupported
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_INIT if the device is not initialized
+ * - SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device (SD card) is missing or not connected
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t sd_sync(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    block_dev_err_t status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+    sd_acquire(sd_card_p);
+    // Stop any ongoing transmission
+    if (sd_card_p->spi_if_p->state.ongoing_mlt_blk_wrt) status = stop_wr_tran(sd_card_p);
+    sd_release(sd_card_p);
+    return status;
+}
+
+/*!< Number of retries for sending CMDO */
+#define SD_CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE_RETRIES 10
+
+/**
+ * @brief Resets the SD card to the idle state.
+ *
+ * This function sends the initializing sequence to the SD card and waits for it to enter the idle state.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card object.
+ * @return The response from the SD card.
+ * @retval R1_IDLE_STATE if the SD card successfully entered the idle state.
+ * @retval R1_NO_RESPONSE if the SD card did not respond.
+ */
+static uint32_t in_sd_go_idle_state(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    /*
+     Power ON or card insertion
+     After supply voltage reached above 2.2 volts,
+     wait for one millisecond at least.
+     Set SPI clock rate between 100 kHz and 400 kHz.
+     Set DI and CS high and apply 74 or more clock pulses to SCLK.
+     The card will enter its native operating mode and go ready to accept native
+     command.
+     */
+    sd_spi_go_low_frequency(sd_card_p);
+
+    uint32_t response = R1_NO_RESPONSE;
+
+    /* Resetting the MCU SPI master may not reset the on-board SDCard, in which
+     * case when MCU power-on occurs the SDCard will resume operations as
+     * though there was no reset. In this scenario the first CMD0 will
+     * not be interpreted as a command and get lost. For some cards retrying
+     * the command overcomes this situation. */
+    for (int i = 0; i < SD_CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE_RETRIES; i++) {
+        /*
+         After power up, the host starts the clock and sends the initializing sequence on the CMD line.
+         This sequence is a contiguous stream of logical ‘1’s. The sequence length is the maximum of 1msec,
+         74 clocks or the supply-ramp-uptime; the additional 10 clocks
+         (over the 64 clocks after what the card should be ready for communication) is
+         provided to eliminate power-up synchronization problems.
+         */
+        // Set DI and CS high and apply 74 or more clock pulses to SCLK:
+        sd_spi_deselect(sd_card_p);
+        uint8_t ones[10];
+        memset(ones, 0xFF, sizeof ones);
+        uint32_t start = millis();
+        do {
+            spi_transfer(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi, ones, NULL, sizeof ones);
+        } while (millis() - start < 1);
+        sd_spi_select(sd_card_p);
+
+        sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE, 0x0, false, &response);
+        if (R1_IDLE_STATE == response) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return response;
+}
+/**
+ * @brief Resets the SD card to the idle state.
+ *
+ * This function sends the initializing sequence to the SD card and waits for it to enter the idle state.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card object.
+ * @return The response from the SD card.
+ * @retval R1_IDLE_STATE if the SD card successfully entered the idle state.
+ * @retval R1_NO_RESPONSE if the SD card did not respond.
+ */
+uint32_t sd_go_idle_state(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_spi_lock(sd_card_p);
+    uint32_t response = in_sd_go_idle_state(sd_card_p);
+    sd_spi_release(sd_card_p);
+    return response;
+}
+/**
+ * @brief Initializes the SD card medium.
+ *
+ * This function initializes the SD card medium by following the SD card initialization sequence.
+ * It transitions the card from SD card mode to SPI mode by sending the CMD0 command and applying
+ * the initializing sequence. It then sends the CMD8 command to check if the card supports the
+ * SD version 2.0 specification. If the card rejects the command, it assumes the card is using the
+ * legacy protocol or is a MMC card. It then enables or disables CRC based on the crc_on flag.
+ * It reads the OCR (Operating Conditions Register) using the CMD58 command and checks if the card
+ * supports the voltage range of 3.3V. If not, it sets the card type to CARD_UNKNOWN and returns
+ * SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNUSABLE. It sets the card type based on the response of the ACMD41 command.
+ * If the initialization is successful, it disables or enables CRC and sets the card type based on
+ * the response of the CMD58 command. It then disconnects the 50 KOhm pull-up resistor on CS (pin 1)
+ * of the card using the ACMD42_SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT command.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card object.
+ * @return The block device error status.
+ * @retval SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE if the initialization is successful.
+ * @retval SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the card did not respond.
+ * @retval SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNUSABLE if the card does not support the voltage range.
+ */
+static block_dev_err_t sd_init_medium(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    int32_t status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE;
+    uint32_t response, arg;
+
+    // The card is transitioned from SDCard mode to SPI mode by sending the CMD0
+    // + CS Asserted("0")
+    if (in_sd_go_idle_state(sd_card_p) != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("No disk, or could not put SD card in to SPI idle state\n");
+        return SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+    }
+
+    // Send CMD8, if the card rejects the command then it's probably using the
+    // legacy protocol, or is a MMC, or just flat-out broken
+    status = sd_cmd8(sd_card_p);
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status && SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED != status) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    if (crc_on) {
+        size_t retries = 3;
+        do {
+            // Enable CRC
+            status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF, 1, false, 0);
+        } while (--retries && (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status));
+    }
+
+    // Read OCR - CMD58 Response contains OCR register
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE !=
+        (status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD58_READ_OCR, 0x0, false, &response))) {
+        return status;
+    }
+    // Check if card supports voltage range: 3.3V
+    if (!(response & OCR_3_3V)) {
+        sd_card_p->state.card_type = CARD_UNKNOWN;
+        status = SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNUSABLE;
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    // HCS is set 1 for HC/XC capacity cards for ACMD41, if supported
+    arg = 0x0;
+    if (SDCARD_V2 == sd_card_p->state.card_type) {
+        arg |= OCR_HCS_CCS;
+    }
+    /* Idle state bit in the R1 response of ACMD41 is used by the card to inform
+     * the host if initialization of ACMD41 is completed. "1" indicates that the
+     * card is still initializing. "0" indicates completion of initialization.
+     * The host repeatedly issues ACMD41 until this bit is set to "0".
+     */
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    do {
+        status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, ACMD41_SD_SEND_OP_COND, arg, true, &response);
+    } while (response & R1_IDLE_STATE && millis() - start < sd_timeouts.sd_command);
+    // Initialization complete: ACMD41 successful
+    if ((SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != status) || (0x00 != response)) {
+        sd_card_p->state.card_type = CARD_UNKNOWN;
+        EMSG_PRINTF("Timeout waiting for card\n");
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    if (SDCARD_V2 == sd_card_p->state.card_type) {
+        // Get the card capacity CCS: CMD58
+        if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE ==
+            (status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD58_READ_OCR, 0x0, false, &response))) {
+            // High Capacity card
+            if (response & OCR_HCS_CCS) {
+                sd_card_p->state.card_type = SDCARD_V2HC;
+                DBG_PRINTF("Card Initialized: High Capacity Card\n");
+            } else {
+                DBG_PRINTF("Card Initialized: Standard Capacity Card: Version 2.x\n");
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        sd_card_p->state.card_type = SDCARD_V1;
+        DBG_PRINTF("Card Initialized: Version 1.x Card\n");
+    }
+
+    if (!crc_on) {
+        // Disable CRC
+        status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF, 0, false, 0);
+    }
+
+    /* Disconnect the 50 KOhm pull-up resistor on CS (pin 1) of the card.
+    The pull-up may be used for card detection.
+
+    At power up this line has a 50KOhm pull up enabled in the card.
+    This resistor serves two functions Card detection and Mode Selection.
+    For Mode Selection, the host can drive the line high or let it be pulled high to select SD
+    mode. If the host wants to select SPI mode it should drive the line low. For Card detection,
+    the host detects that the line is pulled high. This pull-up should be disconnected by the
+    user, during regular data transfer, with SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT (ACMD42) command. */
+
+    status = sd_cmd(sd_card_p, ACMD42_SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT, 0, true, NULL);
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Tests the communication with the SD card.
+ *
+ * This function is used to test the communication with the SD card. It first checks if the
+ * SD card is already initialized, and if so, it sends a command to get the card status. If the
+ * card status is not received, it assumes that the card is no longer present and sets the
+ * `STA_NOINIT` flag in the card status. If the card is not initialized, it performs a light
+ * version of the initialization to test the communication. It sends the initializing sequence
+ * and waits for the card to go idle. If the card responds with a response status, it assumes
+ * that the communication is successful and returns `true`. If the card does not respond, it
+ * assumes that something is holding the DO line and returns `false`.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card object.
+ * @return `true` if the communication with the SD card is successful, `false` otherwise.
+ */
+static bool sd_spi_test_com(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    // This is allowed to be called before initialization, so ensure mutex is created
+    if (!mutex_is_initialized(&sd_card_p->state.mutex)) mutex_init(&sd_card_p->state.mutex);
+
+    sd_acquire(sd_card_p);
+
+    bool success = false;
+
+    if (!(sd_card_p->state.m_Status & STA_NOINIT)) {
+        // SD card is currently initialized
+
+        // Timeout of 0 means only check once
+        if (sd_wait_ready(sd_card_p, 0)) {
+            // DO has been released, try to get status
+            uint32_t response;
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < sd_timeouts.sd_command_retries; i++) {
+                // Send command over SPI interface
+                response = sd_cmd_spi(sd_card_p, CMD13_SEND_STATUS, 0);
+                if (R1_NO_RESPONSE != response) {
+                    // Got a response!
+                    success = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!success) {
+                // Card no longer sensed - ensure card is initialized once re-attached
+                sd_card_p->state.m_Status |= STA_NOINIT;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // SD card is currently holding DO which is sufficient enough to know it's still
+            // there
+            success = true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Do a "light" version of init, just enough to test com
+
+        // Initialize the member variables
+        sd_card_p->state.card_type = SDCARD_NONE;
+
+        sd_spi_go_low_frequency(sd_card_p);
+        sd_spi_send_initializing_sequence(sd_card_p);
+
+        if (sd_wait_ready(sd_card_p, 0)) {
+            // DO has been released, try to make SD card go idle
+            uint32_t response;
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < sd_timeouts.sd_command_retries; i++) {
+                // Send command over SPI interface
+                response = sd_cmd_spi(sd_card_p, CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE, 0);
+                if (R1_NO_RESPONSE != response) {
+                    // Got a response!
+                    success = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Something is holding DO - better to return false and allow user to try again
+            // later
+            success = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    sd_release(sd_card_p);
+
+    return success;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initializes the SD card over SPI.
+ *
+ * This function initializes the SD card over SPI. It first checks if the SD card is already
+ * initialized, and if so, it returns the current status. If the card is not initialized, it
+ * performs the initialization sequence and returns the status of the card. The card is
+ * initialized by sending the initializing sequence, checking the card type, setting the SCK
+ * for data transfer, and setting the block length to 512. The card is now considered initialized
+ * and its status is returned.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the SD card object.
+ * @return The status of the SD card:
+ *  STA_NOINIT = 0x01, // Drive not initialized 
+ *  STA_NODISK = 0x02, // No medium in the drive
+ *  STA_PROTECT = 0x04 // Write protected
+ */
+DSTATUS sd_card_spi_init(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("> %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    // Acquire the lock
+    sd_lock(sd_card_p);
+
+    // Check if there's a card in the socket before proceeding
+    sd_card_detect(sd_card_p);
+    if (sd_card_p->state.m_Status & STA_NODISK) {
+        // Release the lock and return the current status
+        sd_unlock(sd_card_p);
+        return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+    }
+    // Check if we're not already initialized before proceeding
+    if (!(sd_card_p->state.m_Status & STA_NOINIT)) {
+        // Release the lock and return the current status
+        sd_unlock(sd_card_p);
+        return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+    }
+
+    // Initialize the member variables
+    sd_card_p->state.card_type = SDCARD_NONE;
+
+    // Acquire the SD card
+    sd_spi_acquire(sd_card_p);
+
+    // Initialize the medium
+    int err = sd_init_medium(sd_card_p);
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != err) {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("Failed to initialize card\n");
+        sd_release(sd_card_p);
+        return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+    }
+    // No support for SDSC Card (CCS=0) with byte unit address
+    if (SDCARD_V2HC != sd_card_p->state.card_type) {
+        EMSG_PRINTF("SD Standard Capacity Memory Card unsupported\n");
+        sd_release(sd_card_p);
+        return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+    }
+
+    DBG_PRINTF("SD card initialized\n");
+
+    // Set SCK for data transfer
+    sd_spi_go_high_frequency(sd_card_p);
+
+    // Get the number of sectors on the card
+    sd_card_p->state.sectors = in_sd_spi_sectors(sd_card_p);
+    if (0 == sd_card_p->state.sectors) {
+        // CMD9 failed
+        sd_release(sd_card_p);
+        return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+    }
+    // Get the CID of the card
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE != sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD10_SEND_CID, 0x0, false, 0)) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Didn't get a response from the disk\n");
+        sd_release(sd_card_p);
+        return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+    }
+    if (read_bytes(sd_card_p, (uint8_t *)&sd_card_p->state.CID, sizeof(CID_t)) != 0) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Couldn't read CID response from disk\n");
+        sd_release(sd_card_p);
+        return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+    }
+
+    // Set the block length to 512 (CMD16)
+    if (SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE !=
+        sd_cmd(sd_card_p, CMD16_SET_BLOCKLEN, sd_block_size, false, 0)) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("Set %u-byte block timed out\n", sd_block_size);
+        sd_release(sd_card_p);
+        return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+    }
+
+    // The card is now initialized
+    sd_card_p->state.m_Status &= ~STA_NOINIT;
+
+    // Release the SD card
+    sd_release(sd_card_p);
+
+    // Return the disk status
+    return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Deinitializes the SD card.
+ *
+ * This function deinitializes the SD card by setting the STA_NOINIT bit in the
+ * status field and setting the card type to SDCARD_NONE. It also deinitializes
+ * the chip select GPIO.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the sd_card_t structure to be deinitialized.
+ */
+static void sd_deinit(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_card_p->state.m_Status |= STA_NOINIT;
+    sd_card_p->state.card_type = SDCARD_NONE;
+
+    if ((uint)-1 != sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio) {
+        gpio_deinit(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio);
+        gpio_set_dir(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio, GPIO_IN);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initializes the sd_card_t structure.
+ *
+ * This function initializes the sd_card_t structure with pointers to the
+ * respective functions for reading and writing blocks, syncing the card,
+ * initializing the card, deinitializing the card, getting the number of
+ * sectors, and testing the card's communication. It also initializes the chip
+ * select GPIO pin.
+ *
+ * @param sd_card_p Pointer to the sd_card_t structure to be initialized.
+ */
+void sd_spi_ctor(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_card_p->write_blocks = sd_write_blocks;
+    sd_card_p->read_blocks = sd_read_blocks;
+    sd_card_p->sync = sd_sync;
+    sd_card_p->init = sd_card_spi_init;
+    sd_card_p->deinit = sd_deinit;
+    sd_card_p->get_num_sectors = sd_spi_sectors;
+    sd_card_p->sd_test_com = sd_spi_test_com;
+
+    // Chip select is active-low, so we'll initialise it to a
+    // driven-high state.
+    if ((uint)-1 == sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio) return;
+    gpio_init(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio);
+    gpio_put(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio, 1);  // Avoid any glitches when enabling output
+    gpio_set_dir(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio, GPIO_OUT);
+    gpio_put(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio, 1);  // In case set_dir does anything
+    if (sd_card_p->spi_if_p->set_drive_strength) {
+        gpio_set_drive_strength(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio,
+                                sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio_drive_strength);
+    }
+}
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SPI/sd_card_spi.h

+/* sd_card_spi.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "sd_card.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+void sd_spi_ctor(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);  // Constructor for sd_card_t
+uint32_t sd_go_idle_state(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SPI/sd_spi.c

+/* sd_spi.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* Standard includes. */
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+//
+#include "hardware/gpio.h"
+//
+#include "my_debug.h"
+#include "delays.h"
+#include "my_spi.h"
+//
+#if !defined(USE_DBG_PRINTF) || defined(NDEBUG)
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#endif
+//
+#include "sd_spi.h"
+
+// #define TRACE_PRINTF(fmt, args...)
+// #define TRACE_PRINTF printf
+
+void sd_spi_go_high_frequency(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    uint actual = spi_set_baudrate(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst, sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->baud_rate);
+    DBG_PRINTF("%s: Actual frequency: %lu\n", __FUNCTION__, (long)actual);
+}
+void sd_spi_go_low_frequency(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    uint actual = spi_set_baudrate(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst, 400 * 1000); // Actual frequency: 398089
+    DBG_PRINTF("%s: Actual frequency: %lu\n", __FUNCTION__, (long)actual);
+}
+
+/* 
+After power up, the host starts the clock and sends the initializing sequence on the CMD line. 
+This sequence is a contiguous stream of logical ‘1’s. The sequence length is the maximum of 1msec, 
+74 clocks or the supply-ramp-uptime; the additional 10 clocks 
+(over the 64 clocks after what the card should be ready for communication) is
+provided to eliminate power-up synchronization problems. 
+*/
+void sd_spi_send_initializing_sequence(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    if ((uint)-1 == sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio) return; 
+    bool old_ss = gpio_get(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio);
+    // Set DI and CS high and apply 74 or more clock pulses to SCLK:
+    gpio_put(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio, 1);
+    uint8_t ones[10];
+    memset(ones, 0xFF, sizeof ones);
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    do {
+        spi_transfer(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi, ones, NULL, sizeof ones);
+    } while (millis() - start < 1);
+    gpio_put(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio, old_ss);
+}
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/SPI/sd_spi.h

+/* sd_spi.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+//
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+//
+#include "delays.h"
+#include "my_debug.h"
+#include "my_spi.h"
+#include "sd_card.h"
+#include "sd_timeouts.h"
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Transfer tx to SPI while receiving SPI to rx. 
+tx or rx can be NULL if not important. */
+void sd_spi_go_low_frequency(sd_card_t *this);
+void sd_spi_go_high_frequency(sd_card_t *this);
+
+/* 
+After power up, the host starts the clock and sends the initializing sequence on the CMD line. 
+This sequence is a contiguous stream of logical ‘1’s. The sequence length is the maximum of
+1msec, 74 clocks or the supply-ramp-uptime; the additional 10 clocks (over the 64 clocks after
+what the card should be ready for communication) is provided to eliminate power-up
+synchronization problems.
+*/
+void sd_spi_send_initializing_sequence(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+
+static inline uint8_t sd_spi_read(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    uint8_t received = SPI_FILL_CHAR;
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    while (!spi_is_writable(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst) &&
+           millis() - start < sd_timeouts.sd_spi_read)
+        tight_loop_contents();
+    myASSERT(spi_is_writable(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst));
+    int num = spi_read_blocking(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst, SPI_FILL_CHAR, &received, 1);
+    myASSERT(1 == num);
+    return received;
+}
+
+static inline void sd_spi_write(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t value) {
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    while (!spi_is_writable(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst) &&
+           millis() - start < sd_timeouts.sd_spi_write)
+        tight_loop_contents();
+    myASSERT(spi_is_writable(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst));
+    int num = spi_write_blocking(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst, &value, 1);
+    myASSERT(1 == num);
+}
+static inline uint8_t sd_spi_write_read(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t value) {
+    uint8_t received = SPI_FILL_CHAR;
+    uint32_t start = millis();
+    while (!spi_is_writable(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst) &&
+           millis() - start < sd_timeouts.sd_spi_write_read)
+        tight_loop_contents();
+    myASSERT(spi_is_writable(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst));
+    int num = spi_write_read_blocking(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi->hw_inst, &value, &received, 1);    
+    myASSERT(1 == num);
+    return received;
+}
+
+// Would do nothing if sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio were set to GPIO_FUNC_SPI.
+static inline void sd_spi_select(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    if ((uint)-1 == sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio) return;
+    gpio_put(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio, 0);
+    // See http://elm-chan.org/docs/mmc/mmc_e.html#spibus
+    sd_spi_write(sd_card_p, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
+    LED_ON();
+}
+
+static inline void sd_spi_deselect(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    if ((uint)-1 == sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio) return;
+    gpio_put(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->ss_gpio, 1);
+    LED_OFF();
+    /*
+    MMC/SDC enables/disables the DO output in synchronising to the SCLK. This
+    means there is a posibility of bus conflict with MMC/SDC and another SPI
+    slave that shares an SPI bus. Therefore to make MMC/SDC release the MISO
+    line, the master device needs to send a byte after the CS signal is
+    deasserted.
+    */
+    sd_spi_write(sd_card_p, SPI_FILL_CHAR);
+}
+
+static inline void sd_spi_lock(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) { spi_lock(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi); }
+static inline void sd_spi_unlock(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) { spi_unlock(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi); }
+
+static inline void sd_spi_acquire(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_spi_lock(sd_card_p);
+    sd_spi_select(sd_card_p);
+}
+static inline void sd_spi_release(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    sd_spi_deselect(sd_card_p);
+    sd_spi_unlock(sd_card_p);
+}
+
+/* Transfer tx to SPI while receiving SPI to rx.
+tx or rx can be NULL if not important. */
+static inline void sd_spi_transfer_start(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t *tx, uint8_t *rx,
+                                         size_t length) {
+    return spi_transfer_start(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi, tx, rx, length);
+}
+static inline bool sd_spi_transfer_wait_complete(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+    return spi_transfer_wait_complete(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi, timeout_ms);
+}
+static inline bool sd_spi_transfer(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t *tx, uint8_t *rx,
+                                   size_t length) {
+	return spi_transfer(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi, tx, rx, length);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/dma_interrupts.c

+
+#include "hw_config.h"
+#include "sd_card.h"
+//
+#include "dma_interrupts.h"
+
+static void dma_irq_handler(const uint DMA_IRQ_num, io_rw_32 *dma_hw_ints_p) {
+    // Iterate through all of the SD cards
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sd_get_num(); ++i) {
+        sd_card_t *sd_card_p = sd_get_by_num(i);
+        if (!sd_card_p)
+            continue;
+        uint irq_num = 0, channel = 0;
+        if (SD_IF_SDIO == sd_card_p->type) {
+            irq_num = sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->DMA_IRQ_num;
+            channel = sd_card_p->sdio_if_p->state.SDIO_DMA_CHB;
+        }
+        // Is this channel requesting interrupt?
+        if (irq_num == DMA_IRQ_num && (*dma_hw_ints_p & (1 << channel))) {
+            *dma_hw_ints_p = 1 << channel;  // Clear it.
+            if (SD_IF_SDIO == sd_card_p->type) {
+                sdio_irq_handler(sd_card_p);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+static void __not_in_flash_func(dma_irq_handler_0)() {
+    dma_irq_handler(DMA_IRQ_0, &dma_hw->ints0);
+}
+static void __not_in_flash_func(dma_irq_handler_1)() {
+    dma_irq_handler(DMA_IRQ_1, &dma_hw->ints1);
+}
+
+/* Adding the interrupt request handler 
+    Only add it once.
+    Otherwise, space is wasted in irq_add_shared_handler's table.
+    Also, each core maintains its own table of interrupt vectors,
+    and we don't want both cores to call the IRQ handler.
+*/
+typedef struct ih_added_rec_t {
+    uint num;
+    bool added;
+} ih_added_rec_t;
+static ih_added_rec_t ih_added_recs[] = {
+    {DMA_IRQ_0, false},
+    {DMA_IRQ_1, false}};
+static bool is_handler_added(const uint num) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count_of(ih_added_recs); ++i)
+        if (num == ih_added_recs[i].num)
+            return ih_added_recs[i].added;
+    return false;
+}
+static void mark_handler_added(const uint num) {
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < count_of(ih_added_recs); ++i)
+        if (num == ih_added_recs[i].num) {
+            ih_added_recs[i].added = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    myASSERT(i < count_of(ih_added_recs));
+}
+void dma_irq_add_handler(const uint num, bool exclusive) {
+    if (!is_handler_added(num)) {        
+        static void (*irq_handler)();
+        switch (num) {
+            case DMA_IRQ_0:
+                irq_handler = dma_irq_handler_0;
+                break;
+            case DMA_IRQ_1:
+                irq_handler = dma_irq_handler_1;
+                break;
+            default:
+                myASSERT(false);
+        }
+        if (exclusive) {
+            irq_set_exclusive_handler(num, *irq_handler);
+        } else {
+            irq_add_shared_handler(
+                num, *irq_handler,
+                PICO_SHARED_IRQ_HANDLER_DEFAULT_ORDER_PRIORITY);
+        }
+        irq_set_enabled(num, true); // Enable IRQ in NVIC
+        mark_handler_added(num);
+    }
+}

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/dma_interrupts.h

+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pico.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+void dma_irq_add_handler(const uint num, bool exclusive);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/rp2040_sdio.pio.h

+// -------------------------------------------------- //
+// This file is autogenerated by pioasm; do not edit! //
+// -------------------------------------------------- //
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if !PICO_NO_HARDWARE
+#include "hardware/pio.h"
+#endif
+
+#define CLKDIV 4
+#define SDIO_CLK_PIN_D0_OFFSET 30
+
+// ------------ //
+// sdio_cmd_clk //
+// ------------ //
+
+#define sdio_cmd_clk_wrap_target 0
+#define sdio_cmd_clk_wrap 17
+
+static const uint16_t sdio_cmd_clk_program_instructions[] = {
+            //     .wrap_target
+    0xb1e3, //  0: mov    osr, null       side 1 [1] 
+    0xa14d, //  1: mov    y, !status      side 0 [1] 
+    0x1161, //  2: jmp    !y, 1           side 1 [1] 
+    0x6160, //  3: out    null, 32        side 0 [1] 
+    0x7128, //  4: out    x, 8            side 1 [1] 
+    0xe101, //  5: set    pins, 1         side 0 [1] 
+    0xf181, //  6: set    pindirs, 1      side 1 [1] 
+    0x6101, //  7: out    pins, 1         side 0 [1] 
+    0x1147, //  8: jmp    x--, 7          side 1 [1] 
+    0xe180, //  9: set    pindirs, 0      side 0 [1] 
+    0x7128, // 10: out    x, 8            side 1 [1] 
+    0xa142, // 11: nop                    side 0 [1] 
+    0x1131, // 12: jmp    !x, 17          side 1 [1] 
+    0xa142, // 13: nop                    side 0 [1] 
+    0x11cd, // 14: jmp    pin, 13         side 1 [1] 
+    0x4101, // 15: in     pins, 1         side 0 [1] 
+    0x114f, // 16: jmp    x--, 15         side 1 [1] 
+    0x8120, // 17: push   block           side 0 [1] 
+            //     .wrap
+};
+
+#if !PICO_NO_HARDWARE
+static const struct pio_program sdio_cmd_clk_program = {
+    .instructions = sdio_cmd_clk_program_instructions,
+    .length = 18,
+    .origin = -1,
+};
+
+static inline pio_sm_config sdio_cmd_clk_program_get_default_config(uint offset) {
+    pio_sm_config c = pio_get_default_sm_config();
+    sm_config_set_wrap(&c, offset + sdio_cmd_clk_wrap_target, offset + sdio_cmd_clk_wrap);
+    sm_config_set_sideset(&c, 1, false, false);
+    return c;
+}
+#endif
+
+// ------------ //
+// sdio_data_rx //
+// ------------ //
+
+#define sdio_data_rx_wrap_target 0
+#define sdio_data_rx_wrap 4
+
+static const uint16_t sdio_data_rx_program_instructions[] = {
+            //     .wrap_target
+    0xa022, //  0: mov    x, y                       
+    0x2020, //  1: wait   0 pin, 0                   
+    0x23be, //  2: wait   1 pin, 30              [3] 
+    0x4204, //  3: in     pins, 4                [2] 
+    0x0043, //  4: jmp    x--, 3                     
+            //     .wrap
+};
+
+#if !PICO_NO_HARDWARE
+static const struct pio_program sdio_data_rx_program = {
+    .instructions = sdio_data_rx_program_instructions,
+    .length = 5,
+    .origin = -1,
+};
+
+static inline pio_sm_config sdio_data_rx_program_get_default_config(uint offset) {
+    pio_sm_config c = pio_get_default_sm_config();
+    sm_config_set_wrap(&c, offset + sdio_data_rx_wrap_target, offset + sdio_data_rx_wrap);
+    return c;
+}
+#endif
+
+// ------------ //
+// sdio_data_tx //
+// ------------ //
+
+#define sdio_data_tx_wrap_target 5
+#define sdio_data_tx_wrap 8
+
+static const uint16_t sdio_data_tx_program_instructions[] = {
+    0x203e, //  0: wait   0 pin, 30                  
+    0x24be, //  1: wait   1 pin, 30              [4] 
+    0x6104, //  2: out    pins, 4                [1] 
+    0x0142, //  3: jmp    x--, 2                 [1] 
+    0xe180, //  4: set    pindirs, 0             [1] 
+            //     .wrap_target
+    0x4101, //  5: in     pins, 1                [1] 
+    0x0185, //  6: jmp    y--, 5                 [1] 
+    0x21a0, //  7: wait   1 pin, 0               [1] 
+    0x8120, //  8: push   block                  [1] 
+            //     .wrap
+};
+
+#if !PICO_NO_HARDWARE
+static const struct pio_program sdio_data_tx_program = {
+    .instructions = sdio_data_tx_program_instructions,
+    .length = 9,
+    .origin = -1,
+};
+
+static inline pio_sm_config sdio_data_tx_program_get_default_config(uint offset) {
+    pio_sm_config c = pio_get_default_sm_config();
+    sm_config_set_wrap(&c, offset + sdio_data_tx_wrap_target, offset + sdio_data_tx_wrap);
+    return c;
+}
+#endif
+

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/sd_card.c

+/* sd_card.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* Standard includes. */
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+//
+#include "pico/mutex.h"
+//
+#include "SDIO/SdioCard.h"
+#include "SPI/sd_card_spi.h"
+#include "hw_config.h"  // Hardware Configuration of the SPI and SD Card "objects"
+#include "my_debug.h"
+#include "sd_card_constants.h"
+#include "sd_regs.h"
+#include "sd_timeouts.h"
+#include "util.h"
+//
+#include "diskio.h" /* Declarations of disk functions */  // Needed for STA_NOINIT, ...
+//
+#include "sd_card.h"
+
+#define TRACE_PRINTF(fmt, args...)
+// #define TRACE_PRINTF printf
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG 
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#endif
+
+static bool driver_initialized;
+
+// An SD card can only do one thing at a time.
+void sd_lock(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    myASSERT(mutex_is_initialized(&sd_card_p->state.mutex));
+    mutex_enter_blocking(&sd_card_p->state.mutex);
+}
+void sd_unlock(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    myASSERT(mutex_is_initialized(&sd_card_p->state.mutex));
+    mutex_exit(&sd_card_p->state.mutex);
+}
+bool sd_is_locked(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    myASSERT(mutex_is_initialized(&sd_card_p->state.mutex));
+    uint32_t owner_out;
+    return !mutex_try_enter(&sd_card_p->state.mutex, &owner_out);
+}
+
+sd_card_t *sd_get_by_drive_prefix(const char *const drive_prefix) {
+    // Numeric drive number is always valid
+    if (2 == strlen(drive_prefix) && isdigit((unsigned char)drive_prefix[0]) &&
+        ':' == drive_prefix[1])
+        return sd_get_by_num(atoi(drive_prefix));
+#if FF_STR_VOLUME_ID
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sd_get_num(); ++i) {
+        // Ignore '/', trailing ':'
+        if (strstr(drive_prefix, VolumeStr[i])) return sd_get_by_num(i);
+    }
+    EMSG_PRINTF("%s: unknown drive prefix %s\n", __func__, drive_prefix);
+#endif
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Return non-zero if the SD-card is present. */
+bool sd_card_detect(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("> %s\r\n", __FUNCTION__);
+    if (!sd_card_p->use_card_detect) {
+        sd_card_p->state.m_Status &= ~STA_NODISK;
+        return true;
+    }
+    /*!< Check GPIO to detect SD */
+    if (gpio_get(sd_card_p->card_detect_gpio) == sd_card_p->card_detected_true) {
+        // The socket is now occupied
+        sd_card_p->state.m_Status &= ~STA_NODISK;
+        TRACE_PRINTF("SD card detected!\r\n");
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        // The socket is now empty
+        sd_card_p->state.m_Status |= (STA_NODISK | STA_NOINIT);
+        sd_card_p->state.card_type = SDCARD_NONE;
+        EMSG_PRINTF("No SD card detected!\r\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+void sd_set_drive_prefix(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, size_t phy_drv_num) {
+#if FF_STR_VOLUME_ID == 0
+    int rc = snprintf(sd_card_p->state.drive_prefix, sizeof sd_card_p->state.drive_prefix,
+                      "%d:", phy_drv_num);
+#elif FF_STR_VOLUME_ID == 1 /* Arbitrary string is enabled */
+    // Add ':'
+    int rc = snprintf(sd_card_p->state.drive_prefix, sizeof sd_card_p->state.drive_prefix,
+                      "%s:", VolumeStr[phy_drv_num]);
+#elif FF_STR_VOLUME_ID == 2 /* Unix style drive prefix  */
+    // Add '/'
+    int rc = snprintf(sd_card_p->state.drive_prefix, sizeof sd_card_p->state.drive_prefix,
+                      "/%s", VolumeStr[phy_drv_num]);
+#else
+#error "Unknown FF_STR_VOLUME_ID"
+#endif
+    // Notice that only when this returned value is non-negative and less than n,
+    // the string has been completely written.
+    myASSERT(0 <= rc && (size_t)rc < sizeof sd_card_p->state.drive_prefix);
+}
+
+char const *sd_get_drive_prefix(sd_card_t *sd_card_p) {
+    myASSERT(driver_initialized);
+    myASSERT(sd_card_p);
+    if (!sd_card_p) return "";
+    return sd_card_p->state.drive_prefix;
+}
+
+bool sd_init_driver() {
+    auto_init_mutex(initialized_mutex);
+    mutex_enter_blocking(&initialized_mutex);
+    bool ok = true;
+    if (!driver_initialized) {
+        myASSERT(sd_get_num());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < sd_get_num(); ++i) {
+            sd_card_t *sd_card_p = sd_get_by_num(i);
+            if (!sd_card_p) continue;
+
+            myASSERT(sd_card_p->type);
+
+            if (!mutex_is_initialized(&sd_card_p->state.mutex))
+                mutex_init(&sd_card_p->state.mutex);
+            sd_lock(sd_card_p);
+
+            sd_card_p->state.m_Status = STA_NOINIT;
+
+            sd_set_drive_prefix(sd_card_p, i);
+
+            // Set up Card Detect
+            if (sd_card_p->use_card_detect) {
+                if (sd_card_p->card_detect_use_pull) {
+                    if (sd_card_p->card_detect_pull_hi) {
+                        gpio_pull_up(sd_card_p->card_detect_gpio);
+                    } else {
+                        gpio_pull_down(sd_card_p->card_detect_gpio);
+                    }
+                }
+                gpio_init(sd_card_p->card_detect_gpio);
+            }
+
+            switch (sd_card_p->type) {
+                case SD_IF_NONE:
+                    myASSERT(false);
+                    break;
+                case SD_IF_SPI:
+                    myASSERT(sd_card_p->spi_if_p);  // Must have an interface object
+                    myASSERT(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi);
+                    sd_spi_ctor(sd_card_p);
+                    if (!my_spi_init(sd_card_p->spi_if_p->spi)) {
+                        ok = false;
+                    }
+                    /* At power up the SD card CD/DAT3 / CS  line has a 50KOhm pull up enabled
+                     * in the card. This resistor serves two functions Card detection and Mode
+                     * Selection. For Mode Selection, the host can drive the line high or let it
+                     * be pulled high to select SD mode. If the host wants to select SPI mode it
+                     * should drive the line low.
+                     *
+                     * There is an important thing needs to be considered that the MMC/SDC is
+                     * initially NOT the SPI device. Some bus activity to access another SPI
+                     * device can cause a bus conflict due to an accidental response of the
+                     * MMC/SDC. Therefore the MMC/SDC should be initialized to put it into the
+                     * SPI mode prior to access any other device attached to the same SPI bus.
+                     */
+                    sd_go_idle_state(sd_card_p);
+                    break;
+                case SD_IF_SDIO:
+                    myASSERT(sd_card_p->sdio_if_p);
+                    sd_sdio_ctor(sd_card_p);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    myASSERT(false);
+            }  // switch (sd_card_p->type)
+
+            sd_unlock(sd_card_p);
+        }  // for
+        driver_initialized = true;
+    }
+    mutex_exit(&initialized_mutex);
+    return ok;
+}
+
+void cidDmp(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, printer_t printer) {
+    // +-----------------------+-------+-------+-----------+
+    // | Name                  | Field | Width | CID-slice |
+    // +-----------------------+-------+-------+-----------+
+    // | Manufacturer ID       | MID   | 8     | [127:120] | 15
+    (*printer)(
+        "\nManufacturer ID: "
+        "0x%x\n",
+        ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CID, 127, 120));
+    // | OEM/Application ID    | OID   | 16    | [119:104] | 14
+    (*printer)("OEM ID: ");
+    {
+        char buf[3];
+        ext_str(16, sd_card_p->state.CID, 119, 104, sizeof buf, buf);
+        (*printer)("%s", buf);
+    }
+    // | Product name          | PNM   | 40    | [103:64]  | 12
+    (*printer)("Product: ");
+    {
+        char buf[6];
+        ext_str(16, sd_card_p->state.CID, 103, 64, sizeof buf, buf);
+        (*printer)("%s", buf);
+    }
+    // | Product revision      | PRV   | 8     | [63:56]   | 7
+    (*printer)(
+        "\nRevision: "
+        "%d.%d\n",
+        ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CID, 63, 60), ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CID, 59, 56));
+    // | Product serial number | PSN   | 32    | [55:24]   | 6
+    // (*printer)("0x%lx\n", __builtin_bswap32(ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CID, 55, 24))
+    (*printer)(
+        "Serial number: "
+        "0x%lx\n",
+        ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CID, 55, 24));
+    // | reserved              | --    | 4     | [23:20]   | 2
+    // | Manufacturing date    | MDT   | 12    | [19:8]    |
+    // The "m" field [11:8] is the month code. 1 = January.
+    // The "y" field [19:12] is the year code. 0 = 2000.
+    (*printer)(
+        "Manufacturing date: "
+        "%d/%d\n",
+        ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CID, 11, 8),
+        ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CID, 19, 12) + 2000);
+    (*printer)("\n");
+    // | CRC7 checksum         | CRC   | 7     | [7:1]     | 0
+    // | not used, always 1-   | 1     | [0:0] |           |
+    // +-----------------------+-------+-------+-----------+
+}
+void csdDmp(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, printer_t printer) {
+    uint32_t c_size, c_size_mult, read_bl_len;
+    uint32_t block_len, mult, blocknr;
+    uint32_t hc_c_size;
+    uint64_t blocks = 0, capacity = 0;
+    bool erase_single_block_enable = 0;
+    uint8_t erase_sector_size = 0;
+
+    // csd_structure : CSD[127:126]
+    int csd_structure = ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CSD, 127, 126);
+    switch (csd_structure) {
+        case 0:
+            c_size = ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CSD, 73, 62);  // c_size        : CSD[73:62]
+            c_size_mult =
+                ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CSD, 49, 47);  // c_size_mult   : CSD[49:47]
+            read_bl_len =
+                ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CSD, 83, 80);  // read_bl_len   : CSD[83:80] - the
+                                                           // *maximum* read block length
+            block_len = 1 << read_bl_len;                  // BLOCK_LEN = 2^READ_BL_LEN
+            mult = 1 << (c_size_mult + 2);  // MULT = 2^C_SIZE_MULT+2 (C_SIZE_MULT < 8)
+            blocknr = (c_size + 1) * mult;  // BLOCKNR = (C_SIZE+1) * MULT
+            capacity = (uint64_t)blocknr * block_len;  // memory capacity = BLOCKNR * BLOCK_LEN
+            blocks = capacity / sd_block_size;
+
+            (*printer)("Standard Capacity: c_size: %" PRIu32 "\r\n", c_size);
+            (*printer)("Sectors: 0x%llx : %llu\r\n", blocks, blocks);
+            (*printer)("Capacity: 0x%llx : %llu MiB\r\n", capacity,
+                       (capacity / (1024U * 1024U)));
+            break;
+
+        case 1:
+            hc_c_size =
+                ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CSD, 69, 48);  // device size : C_SIZE : [69:48]
+            blocks = (hc_c_size + 1) << 10;                // block count = C_SIZE+1) * 1K
+                                                           // byte (512B is block size)
+
+            /* ERASE_BLK_EN
+            The ERASE_BLK_EN defines the granularity of the unit size of the data to be erased.
+            The erase operation can erase either one or multiple units of 512 bytes or one or
+            multiple units (or sectors) of SECTOR_SIZE. If ERASE_BLK_EN=0, the host can erase
+            one or multiple units of SECTOR_SIZE. If ERASE_BLK_EN=1 the host can erase one or
+            multiple units of 512 bytes.
+            */
+            erase_single_block_enable = ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CSD, 46, 46);
+
+            /* SECTOR_SIZE
+            The size of an erasable sector. The content of this register is a 7-bit binary coded
+            value, defining the number of write blocks. The actual size is computed by
+            increasing this number by one. A value of zero means one write block, 127 means 128
+            write blocks.
+            */
+            erase_sector_size = ext_bits16(sd_card_p->state.CSD, 45, 39) + 1;
+
+            (*printer)("SDHC/SDXC Card: hc_c_size: %" PRIu32 "\r\n", hc_c_size);
+            (*printer)("Sectors: %llu\r\n", blocks);
+            (*printer)("Capacity: %llu MiB (%llu MB)\r\n", blocks / 2048,
+                       blocks * sd_block_size / 1000000);
+            (*printer)("ERASE_BLK_EN: %s\r\n", erase_single_block_enable
+                                                   ? "units of 512 bytes"
+                                                   : "units of SECTOR_SIZE");
+            (*printer)("SECTOR_SIZE (size of an erasable sector): %d (%lu bytes)\r\n",
+                       erase_sector_size,
+                       (uint32_t)(erase_sector_size ? 512 : 1) * erase_sector_size);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            (*printer)("CSD struct unsupported\r\n");
+    };
+}
+
+#define KB 1024
+#define MB (1024 * 1024)
+
+/* AU (Allocation Unit):
+is a physical boundary of the card and consists of one or more blocks and its
+size depends on each card. */
+bool sd_allocation_unit(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, size_t *au_size_bytes_p) {
+    if (SD_IF_SPI == sd_card_p->type) return false;  // SPI can't do full SD Status
+
+    uint8_t status[64] = {0};
+    bool ok = rp2040_sdio_get_sd_status(sd_card_p, status);
+    if (!ok) return false;
+    // 431:428 AU_SIZE
+    uint8_t au_size = ext_bits(64, status, 431, 428);
+    switch (au_size) {
+        // AU_SIZE Value Definition
+        case 0x0:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 0;
+            break;  // Not Defined
+        case 0x1:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 16 * KB;
+            break;
+        case 0x2:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 32 * KB;
+            break;
+        case 0x3:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 64 * KB;
+            break;
+        case 0x4:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 128 * KB;
+            break;
+        case 0x5:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 256 * KB;
+            break;
+        case 0x6:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 512 * KB;
+            break;
+        case 0x7:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 1 * MB;
+            break;
+        case 0x8:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 2 * MB;
+            break;
+        case 0x9:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 4 * MB;
+            break;
+        case 0xA:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 8 * MB;
+            break;
+        case 0xB:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 12 * MB;
+            break;
+        case 0xC:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 16 * MB;
+            break;
+        case 0xD:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 24 * MB;
+            break;
+        case 0xE:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 32 * MB;
+            break;
+        case 0xF:
+            *au_size_bytes_p = 64 * MB;
+            break;
+        default:
+            myASSERT(false);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/sd_card.h

+/* sd_card.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+// Note: The model used here is one FatFS per SD card.
+// Multiple partitions on a card are not supported.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+//
+#include <hardware/pio.h>
+
+#include "hardware/gpio.h"
+#include "pico/mutex.h"
+//
+#include "ff.h"
+//
+#include "SDIO/rp2040_sdio.h"
+#include "SPI/my_spi.h"
+#include "SPI/sd_card_spi.h"
+#include "diskio.h"
+#include "sd_card_constants.h"
+#include "sd_regs.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef enum { SD_IF_NONE, SD_IF_SPI, SD_IF_SDIO } sd_if_t;
+
+typedef struct sd_spi_if_state_t {
+    bool ongoing_mlt_blk_wrt;
+    uint32_t cont_sector_wrt;
+    uint32_t n_wrt_blks_reqd;
+} sd_spi_if_state_t;
+
+typedef struct sd_spi_if_t {
+    spi_t *spi;
+    // Slave select is here instead of in spi_t because multiple SDs can share an SPI.
+    uint ss_gpio;  // Slave select for this SD card
+    // Drive strength levels for GPIO outputs:
+    // GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_2MA
+    // GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA
+    // GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_8MA
+    // GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_12MA
+    bool set_drive_strength;
+    enum gpio_drive_strength ss_gpio_drive_strength;
+    sd_spi_if_state_t state;
+} sd_spi_if_t;
+
+typedef struct sd_sdio_if_t {
+    // See sd_driver\SDIO\rp2040_sdio.pio for SDIO_CLK_PIN_D0_OFFSET
+    uint CLK_gpio;  // Must be (D0_gpio + SDIO_CLK_PIN_D0_OFFSET) % 32
+    uint CMD_gpio;
+    uint D0_gpio;      // D0
+    uint D1_gpio;      // Must be D0 + 1
+    uint D2_gpio;      // Must be D0 + 2
+    uint D3_gpio;      // Must be D0 + 3
+    PIO SDIO_PIO;      // either pio0 or pio1
+    uint DMA_IRQ_num;  // DMA_IRQ_0 or DMA_IRQ_1
+    bool use_exclusive_DMA_IRQ_handler;
+    uint baud_rate;
+    // Drive strength levels for GPIO outputs:
+    // GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_2MA
+    // GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_4MA
+    // GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_8MA
+    // GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_12MA
+    bool set_drive_strength;
+    enum gpio_drive_strength CLK_gpio_drive_strength;
+    enum gpio_drive_strength CMD_gpio_drive_strength;
+    enum gpio_drive_strength D0_gpio_drive_strength;
+    enum gpio_drive_strength D1_gpio_drive_strength;
+    enum gpio_drive_strength D2_gpio_drive_strength;
+    enum gpio_drive_strength D3_gpio_drive_strength;
+
+    /* The following fields are not part of the configuration.
+    They are state variables, and are dynamically assigned. */
+    sd_sdio_if_state_t state;
+} sd_sdio_if_t;
+
+typedef struct sd_card_state_t {
+    DSTATUS m_Status;       // Card status
+    card_type_t card_type;  // Assigned dynamically
+    CSD_t CSD;              // Card-Specific Data register.
+    CID_t CID;              // Card IDentification register
+    uint32_t sectors;       // Assigned dynamically
+
+    mutex_t mutex;
+    FATFS fatfs;
+    bool mounted;
+#if FF_STR_VOLUME_ID
+    char drive_prefix[32];
+#else
+    char drive_prefix[4];
+#endif
+} sd_card_state_t;
+
+typedef struct sd_card_t sd_card_t;
+
+// "Class" representing SD Cards
+struct sd_card_t {
+    sd_if_t type;  // Interface type
+    union {
+        sd_spi_if_t *spi_if_p;
+        sd_sdio_if_t *sdio_if_p;
+    };
+    bool use_card_detect;
+    uint card_detect_gpio;    // Card detect; ignored if !use_card_detect
+    uint card_detected_true;  // Varies with card socket; ignored if !use_card_detect
+    bool card_detect_use_pull;
+    bool card_detect_pull_hi;
+
+    /* The following fields are state variables and not part of the configuration.
+    They are dynamically assigned. */
+    sd_card_state_t state;
+
+    DSTATUS (*init)(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+    void (*deinit)(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+    block_dev_err_t (*write_blocks)(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, const uint8_t *buffer,
+                                    uint32_t ulSectorNumber, uint32_t blockCnt);
+    block_dev_err_t (*read_blocks)(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, uint8_t *buffer,
+                                   uint32_t ulSectorNumber, uint32_t ulSectorCount);
+    block_dev_err_t (*sync)(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+    uint32_t (*get_num_sectors)(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+
+    // Useful when use_card_detect is false - call periodically to check for presence of SD card
+    // Returns true if and only if SD card was sensed on the bus
+    bool (*sd_test_com)(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+};
+
+void sd_lock(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+void sd_unlock(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+bool sd_is_locked(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+
+bool sd_init_driver();
+bool sd_card_detect(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+void cidDmp(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, printer_t printer);
+void csdDmp(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, printer_t printer);
+bool sd_allocation_unit(sd_card_t *sd_card_p, size_t *au_size_bytes_p);
+sd_card_t *sd_get_by_drive_prefix(const char *const name);
+
+// sd_init_driver() must be called before this:
+char const *sd_get_drive_prefix(sd_card_t *sd_card_p);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/sd_card_constants.h

+/* sd_card_constants.h
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*!< Block size supported for SD card is 512 bytes */
+// Only HC block size is supported.
+static const size_t sd_block_size = 512;
+
+typedef enum {
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE = 0,
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WOULD_BLOCK = 1 << 0,     /*!< operation would block */
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 1 << 1,     /*!< unsupported operation */
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER = 1 << 2,       /*!< invalid parameter */
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_INIT = 1 << 3,         /*!< uninitialized */
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_DEVICE = 1 << 4,       /*!< device is missing or not connected */
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE_PROTECTED = 1 << 5, /*!< write protected */
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNUSABLE = 1 << 6,        /*!< unusable card */
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE = 1 << 7,     /*!< No response from device */
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC = 1 << 8,             /*!< CRC error */
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_ERASE = 1 << 9,           /*!< Erase error: reset/sequence */
+    SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE = 1 << 10           /*!< Write error: !SPI_DATA_ACCEPTED */
+} block_dev_err_t;
+
+/** Represents the different SD/MMC card types  */
+typedef enum {
+    SDCARD_NONE = 0, /**< No card is present */
+    SDCARD_V1 = 1,   /**< v1.x Standard Capacity */
+    SDCARD_V2 = 2,   /**< v2.x Standard capacity SD card */
+    SDCARD_V2HC = 3, /**< v2.x High capacity SD card */
+    CARD_UNKNOWN = 4 /**< Unknown or unsupported card */
+} card_type_t;
+
+/* On the wire, convert to hex and add 0x40 for transmitter bit.
+e.g.: CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK: 17 = 0x11; 0x11 | 0x40 = 0x51 */
+// Supported SD Card Commands
+typedef enum {                          /* Number on wire in parens */
+    CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED = -1,             /* Command not supported error */
+    CMD0_GO_IDLE_STATE = 0,             /* Resets the SD Memory Card */
+    CMD1_SEND_OP_COND = 1,              /* Sends host capacity support */
+    CMD2_ALL_SEND_CID = 2,              /* Asks any card to send the CID. */
+    CMD3_SEND_RELATIVE_ADDR = 3,        /* Ask the card to publish a new RCA. */
+    CMD6_SWITCH_FUNC = 6,               /* Check and Switches card function */
+    CMD7_SELECT_CARD = 7,               /* SELECT/DESELECT_CARD - toggles between the stand-by and transfer states. */
+    CMD8_SEND_IF_COND = 8,              /* Supply voltage info */
+    CMD9_SEND_CSD = 9,                  /* Provides Card Specific data */
+    CMD10_SEND_CID = 10,                /* Provides Card Identification */
+    CMD12_STOP_TRANSMISSION = 12,       /* Forces the card to stop transmission */
+    CMD13_SEND_STATUS = 13,             /* (0x4D) Card responds with status */
+    CMD16_SET_BLOCKLEN = 16,            /* Length for SC card is set */
+    CMD17_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK = 17,       /* (0x51) Read single block of data */
+    CMD18_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK = 18,     /* (0x52) Continuously Card transfers data blocks to host
+         until interrupted by a STOP_TRANSMISSION command */
+    CMD24_WRITE_BLOCK = 24,             /* (0x58) Write single block of data */
+    CMD25_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK = 25,    /* (0x59) Continuously writes blocks of data
+        until    'Stop Tran' token is sent */
+    CMD27_PROGRAM_CSD = 27,             /* Programming bits of CSD */
+    CMD32_ERASE_WR_BLK_START_ADDR = 32, /* Sets the address of the first write
+     block to be erased. */
+    CMD33_ERASE_WR_BLK_END_ADDR = 33,   /* Sets the address of the last write
+       block of the continuous range to be erased.*/
+    CMD38_ERASE = 38,                   /* Erases all previously selected write blocks */
+    CMD55_APP_CMD = 55,                 /* Extend to Applications specific commands */
+    CMD56_GEN_CMD = 56,                 /* General Purpose Command */
+    CMD58_READ_OCR = 58,                /* Read OCR register of card */
+    CMD59_CRC_ON_OFF = 59,              /* Turns the CRC option on or off*/
+    // App Commands
+    ACMD6_SET_BUS_WIDTH = 6,
+    ACMD13_SD_STATUS = 13,
+    ACMD22_SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS = 22,
+    ACMD23_SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT = 23,
+    ACMD41_SD_SEND_OP_COND = 41,
+    ACMD42_SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT = 42,
+    ACMD51_SEND_SCR = 51,
+} cmdSupported;
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+///* Disk Status Bits (DSTATUS) */
+// See diskio.h.
+// enum {
+//    STA_NOINIT = 0x01, /* Drive not initialized */
+//    STA_NODISK = 0x02, /* No medium in the drive */
+//    STA_PROTECT = 0x04 /* Write protected */
+//};
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/sd_driver/sd_regs.h

+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "util.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*
++-----------------------+-------+-------+-----------+
+| Name                  | Field | Width | CID-slice |
++-----------------------+-------+-------+-----------+
+| Manufacturer ID       | MID   | 8     | [127:120] |
+| OEM/Application ID    | OID   | 16    | [119:104] |
+| Product name          | PNM   | 40    | [103:64]  |
+| Product revision      | PRV   | 8     | [63:56]   |
+| Product serial number | PSN   | 32    | [55:24]   |
+| reserved              | --    | 4     | [23:20]   |
+| Manufacturing date    | MDT   | 12    | [19:8]    |
+| CRC7 checksum         | CRC   | 7     | [7:1]     |
+| not used, always 1-   | 1     | [0:0] |           |
++-----------------------+-------+-------+-----------+
+*/
+// Table 5-2: The CID Fields
+typedef uint8_t CID_t[16];
+
+/*
++---------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+| CSD_STRUCTURE | CSD structure version | Card Capacity                       |
++---------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+| 0             | CSD Version 1.0       | Standard Capacity                   |
+| 1             | CSD Version 2.0       | High Capacity and Extended Capacity |
+| 2-3           | reserved              |                                     |
++---------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+*/
+// Table 5-3: CSD Register Structure
+
+/*
++--------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------+---------------+-----------+-----------+
+| Name                                             | Field              | Width | Value         | Cell Type | CSD-slice |
++--------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------+---------------+-----------+-----------+
+| CSD structure                                    | CSD_STRUCTURE      | 2     | 00b           | R         | [127:126] |
+| reserved                                         | -                  | 6     | 00 0000b      | R         | [125:120] |
+| data read access-time-1                          | TAAC               | 8     | xxh           | R         | [119:112] |
+| data read access-time-2 in CLK cycles (NSAC*100) | NSAC               | 8     | xxh           | R         | [111:104] |
+| max. data transfer rate                          | TRAN_SPEED         | 8     | 32h or 5Ah    | R         | [103:96]  |
+| card command classes                             | CCC                | 12    | 01x110110101b | R         | [95:84]   |
+| max. read data block length                      | READ_BL_LEN        | 4     | xh            | R         | [83:80]   |
+| partial blocks for read allowed                  | READ_BL_PARTIAL    | 1     | 1b            | R         | [79:79]   |
+| write block misalignment                         | WRITE_BLK_MISALIGN | 1     | xb            | R         | [78:78]   |
+| read block misalignment                          | READ_BLK_MISALIGN  | 1     | xb            | R         | [77:77]   |
+| DSR implemented                                  | DSR_IMP            | 1     | xb            | R         | [76:76]   |
+| reserved                                         | -                  | 2     | 00b           | R         | [75:74]   |
+| device size                                      | C_SIZE             | 12    | xxxh          | R         | [73:62]   |
+| max. read current @VDD min                       | VDD_R_CURR_MIN     | 3     | xxxb          | R         | [61:59]   |
+| max. read current @VDD max                       | VDD_R_CURR_MAX     | 3     | xxxb          | R         | [58:56]   |
+| max. write current @VDD min                      | VDD_W_CURR_MIN     | 3     | xxxb          | R         | [55:53]   |
+| max. write current @VDD max                      | VDD_W_CURR_MAX     | 3     | xxxb          | R         | [52:50]   |
+| device size multiplier                           | C_SIZE_MULT        | 3     | xxxb          | R         | [49:47]   |
+| erase single block enable                        | ERASE_BLK_EN       | 1     | xb            | R         | [46:46]   |
+| erase sector size                                | SECTOR_SIZE        | 7     | xxxxxxxb      | R         | [45:39]   |
+| write protect group size                         | WP_GRP_SIZE        | 7     | xxxxxxxb      | R         | [38:32]   |
+| write protect group enable                       | WP_GRP_ENABLE      | 1     | xb            | R         | [31:31]   |
+| reserved                                         | (Do not use)       | 2     | 00b           | R         | [30:29]   |
+| write speed factor                               | R2W_FACTOR         | 3     | xxxb          | R         | [28:26]   |
+| max. write data block length                     | WRITE_BL_LEN       | 4     | xxxxb         | R         | [25:22]   |
+| partial blocks for write allowed                 | WRITE_BL_PARTIAL   | 1     | xb            | R         | [21:21]   |
+| reserved                                         | -                  | 5     | 00000b        | R         | [20:16]   |
+| File format group                                | FILE_FORMAT_GRP    | 1     | xb            | R/W(1)    | [15:15]   |
+| copy flag                                        | COPY               | 1     | xb            | R/W(1)    | [14:14]   |
+| permanent write protection                       | PERM_WRITE_PROTECT | 1     | xb            | R/W(1)    | [13:13]   |
+| temporary write protection                       | TMP_WRITE_PROTECT  | 1     | xb            | R/W       | [12:12]   |
+| File format                                      | FILE_FORMAT        | 2     | xxb           | R/W(1)    | [11:10]   |
+| reserved                                         |                    | 2     | 00b           | R/W       | [9:8]     |
+| CRC                                              | CRC                | 7     | xxxxxxxb      | R/W       | [7:1]     |
+| not used, always'1'                              | -                  | 1     | 1b            | -         | [0:0]     |
++--------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------+---------------+-----------+-----------+
+*/
+// Table 5-4: The CSD Register Fields (CSD Version 1.0)
+
+/*
++------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-------+----------------------+-----------+-----------+
+| Name                                           | Field                | Width | Value                | Cell Type | CSD-slice |
++------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-------+----------------------+-----------+-----------+
+| CSD structure                                  | CSD_STRUCTURE        | 2     | 01b                  | R         | [127:126] |
+| reserved                                       | -                    | 6     | 00 0000b             | R         | [125:120] |
+| data read access-time                          | (TAAC)               | 8     | 0Eh                  | R         | [119:112] |
+| data read access-time in CLK cycles (NSAC*100) | (NSAC)               | 8     | 00h                  | R         | [111:104] |
+| max. data transfer rate                        | (TRAN_SPEED)         | 8     | 32h, 5Ah, 0Bh or 2Bh | R         | [103:96]  |
+| card command classes                           | CCC                  | 12    | 01x110110101b        | R         | [95:84]   |
+| max. read data block length                    | (READ_BL_LEN)        | 4     | 9                    | R         | [83:80]   |
+| partial blocks for read allowed                | (READ_BL_PARTIAL)    | 1     | 0                    | R         | [79:79]   |
+| write block misalignment                       | (WRITE_BLK_MISALIGN) | 1     | 0                    | R         | [78:78]   |
+| read block misalignment                        | (READ_BLK_MISALIGN)  | 1     | 0                    | R         | [77:77]   |
+| DSR implemented                                | DSR_IMP              | 1     | x                    | R         | [76:76]   |
+| reserved                                       | -                    | 6     | 00 0000b             | R         | [75:70]   |
+| device size                                    | C_SIZE               | 22    | xxxxxxh              | R         | [69:48]   |
+| reserved                                       | -                    | 1     | 0                    | R         | [47:47]   |
+| erase single block enable                      | (ERASE_BLK_EN)       | 1     | 1                    | R         | [46:46]   |
+| erase sector size                              | (SECTOR_SIZE)        | 7     | 7Fh                  | R         | [45:39]   |
+| write protect group size                       | (WP_GRP_SIZE)        | 7     | 0000000b             | R         | [38:32]   |
+| write protect group enable                     | (WP_GRP_ENABLE)      | 1     | 0                    | R         | [31:31]   |
+| reserved                                       |                      | 2     | 00b                  | R         | [30:29]   |
+| write speed factor                             | (R2W_FACTOR)         | 3     | 010b                 | R         | [28:26]   |
+| max. write data block length                   | (WRITE_BL_LEN)       | 4     | 9                    | R         | [25:22]   |
+| partial blocks for write allowed               | (WRITE_BL_PARTIAL)   | 1     | 0                    | R         | [21:21]   |
+| reserved                                       | -                    | 5     | 00000b               | R         | [20:16]   |
+| File format group                              | (FILE_FORMAT_GRP)    | 1     | 0                    | R         | [15:15]   |
+| copy flag                                      | COPY                 | 1     | x                    | R/W(1)    | [14:14]   |
+| permanent write protection                     | PERM_WRITE_PROTECT   | 1     | x                    | R/W(1)    | [13:13]   |
+| temporary write protection                     | TMP_WRITE_PROTECT    | 1     | x                    | R/W       | [12:12]   |
+| File format                                    | (FILE_FORMAT)        | 2     | 00b                  | R         | [11:10]   |
+| reserved                                       | -                    | 2     | 00b                  | R         | [9:8]     |
+| CRC                                            | CRC                  | 7     | xxxxxxxb             | R/W       | [7:1]     |
+| not used, always'1'                            | -                    | 1     | 1                    | -         | [0:0]     |
++------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-------+----------------------+-----------+-----------+
+*/
+// Table 5-16: The CSD Register Fields (CSD Version 2.0)
+typedef uint8_t CSD_t[16];
+
+/* return Capacity in sectors */
+static inline uint32_t CSD_sectors(CSD_t csd) /*  const  */ {
+    uint32_t c_size;
+    // +--------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------+---------------+-----------+-----------+
+    // | Name                                             | Field              | Width | Value         | Cell Type | CSD-slice |
+    // +--------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------+---------------+-----------+-----------+
+    // | CSD structure                                    | CSD_STRUCTURE      | 2     | 00b           | R         | [127:126] |
+    uint8_t ver = ext_bits16(csd, 127, 126);
+    if (ver == 0) {
+        // | device size                                      | C_SIZE             | 12    | xxxh          | R         | [73:62]   |
+        c_size = ext_bits16(csd, 73, 62);
+        // | device size multiplier                           | C_SIZE_MULT        | 3     | xxxb          | R         | [49:47]   |
+        uint8_t c_size_mult = ext_bits16(csd, 49, 47);
+        //  MULT = 2^(C_SIZE_MULT+2)
+        uint32_t mult = 1UL << (c_size_mult + 2);
+        //  BLOCKNR = (C_SIZE+1) * MULT
+        return (c_size + 1) * mult;
+    } else if (ver == 1) {
+        // | device size                                    | C_SIZE               | 22    | xxxxxxh              | R         | [69:48]   |
+        c_size = ext_bits16(csd, 69, 48);
+        /* The user data area capacity is calculated from C_SIZE as follows:
+        memory capacity = (C_SIZE+1) * 512K byte */
+        return (c_size + 1) * 1024; // sectors
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/FatFsSd.cpp

+/* FatFsSd.cpp
+Copyright 2023 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include "FatFsSd.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+using namespace FatFsNs;
+
+/*
+    See FatFs - Generic FAT Filesystem Module, "Application Interface",
+    http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html
+ */
+
+std::vector<SdCard> FatFs::SdCards;
+
+/* Put a formatted string to the file */
+int File::printf(const TCHAR* format, ...) {
+    va_list arg;
+    va_start(arg, format);
+    char temp[64];
+    char* buffer = temp;
+    size_t len = vsnprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), format, arg);
+    va_end(arg);
+    if (len > sizeof(temp) - 1) {
+        buffer = new char[len + 1];
+        if (!buffer) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        va_start(arg, format);
+        int vrc = vsnprintf(buffer, len + 1, format, arg);
+        // Notice that only when this returned value is non-negative and less than n,
+        //   the string has been completely written.
+        assert(vrc >= 0 && vrc < len + 1);
+        va_end(arg);
+    }
+    UINT bw;
+    FRESULT fr = f_write(&fil, buffer, len, &bw);
+    int rc = bw;
+    if (FR_OK != fr) {
+        rc = -1;
+    }
+    if (buffer != temp) {
+        delete[] buffer;
+    }
+    return rc;
+}
+
+bool FatFs::begin() {
+    if (!sd_init_driver())
+        return false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sd_get_num(); ++i) {
+        sd_card_t* sd_card_p = sd_get_by_num(i);
+        if (!sd_card_p) return false;
+        // See http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/dstat.html
+        int dstatus = sd_card_p->init(sd_card_p);
+        if (dstatus & STA_NOINIT) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+size_t __attribute__((weak)) sd_get_num() {
+    return FatFs::SdCard_get_num();
+}
+sd_card_t * __attribute__((weak)) sd_get_by_num(size_t num) {
+    return (FatFs::SdCard_get_by_num(num)->m_sd_card_p);
+}

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/crash.c

+/* crash.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+//
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+//
+#include "crc.h"
+#include "my_debug.h"
+#include "my_rtc.h"
+#include "util.h"
+//
+#include "crash.h"
+
+#if defined(NDEBUG) || !USE_DBG_PRINTF
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#endif
+
+static volatile crash_info_t crash_info_ram __attribute__((section(".uninitialized_data")));
+
+static crash_info_t volatile *crash_info_ram_p = &crash_info_ram;
+
+static crash_info_t previous_crash_info;
+static bool _previous_crash_info_valid = false;
+
+__attribute__((noreturn, always_inline))
+static inline void reset() {
+//    if (debugger_connected()) {
+        __breakpoint();
+//    } else {
+        NVIC_SystemReset();
+//    }
+    __builtin_unreachable();
+}
+
+void crash_handler_init() {
+    if (crash_info_ram.magic == crash_magic_hard_fault ||
+        crash_info_ram.magic == crash_magic_stack_overflow ||
+        crash_info_ram.magic == crash_magic_reboot_requested ||
+        crash_info_ram.magic == crash_magic_assert ||
+        crash_info_ram.magic == crash_magic_debug_mon) {
+        uint8_t xor_checksum = crc7((uint8_t *)crash_info_ram_p,
+                offsetof(crash_info_t, xor_checksum));
+        if (xor_checksum == crash_info_ram.xor_checksum) {
+            // valid crash record
+            memcpy(&previous_crash_info, (void *)crash_info_ram_p, sizeof previous_crash_info);
+            _previous_crash_info_valid = true;
+        }
+    }
+    memset((void *)crash_info_ram_p, 0, sizeof crash_info_ram);
+}
+
+const crash_info_t *crash_handler_get_info() {
+    if (_previous_crash_info_valid) {
+        return &previous_crash_info;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+__attribute__((noreturn))
+void system_reset_func(char const *const func) {
+    memset((void *)crash_info_ram_p, 0, sizeof crash_info_ram);
+    crash_info_ram.magic = crash_magic_reboot_requested;
+    crash_info_ram.timestamp = epochtime;
+    snprintf((char *)crash_info_ram.calling_func, sizeof crash_info_ram.calling_func, "%s",
+             func);
+    crash_info_ram.xor_checksum =
+        crc7((uint8_t *)&crash_info_ram, offsetof(crash_info_t, xor_checksum));
+    __DSB();
+
+    reset();
+    __builtin_unreachable();
+}
+
+__attribute__((noreturn))
+void capture_assert(const char *file, int line, const char *func, const char *pred) {
+    memset((void *)crash_info_ram_p, 0, sizeof crash_info_ram);
+    crash_info_ram.magic = crash_magic_assert;
+    crash_info_ram.timestamp = epochtime;
+
+    // If the filename is too long, take the end:
+    size_t full_len = strlen(file) + 1;
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    if (full_len > sizeof crash_info_ram.assert.file) {
+        offset = full_len - sizeof crash_info_ram.assert.file;
+    }
+    snprintf((char *)crash_info_ram.assert.file, sizeof crash_info_ram.assert.file, "%s",
+             file + offset);
+    snprintf((char *)crash_info_ram.assert.func, sizeof crash_info_ram.assert.func, "%s", func);
+    snprintf((char *)crash_info_ram.assert.pred, sizeof crash_info_ram.assert.pred, "%s", pred);
+    crash_info_ram.assert.line = line;
+    crash_info_ram.xor_checksum =
+        crc7((uint8_t *)&crash_info_ram, offsetof(crash_info_t, xor_checksum));
+    __DSB();   
+    reset();
+    __builtin_unreachable();
+}
+
+__attribute__((used)) extern void DebugMon_HandlerC(uint32_t const *faultStackAddr) {
+    memset((void *)crash_info_ram_p, 0, sizeof crash_info_ram);
+    crash_info_ram.magic = crash_magic_debug_mon;
+    crash_info_ram.timestamp = epochtime;
+
+    /* Stores general registers */
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.r0 = faultStackAddr[R0_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.r1 = faultStackAddr[R1_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.r2 = faultStackAddr[R2_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.r3 = faultStackAddr[R3_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.r12 = faultStackAddr[R12_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.lr = faultStackAddr[LR_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.pc = faultStackAddr[PC_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.psr = faultStackAddr[PSR_Pos];
+    ///* Stores the Configurable Fault Status Register state with the fault cause */
+    //crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.cfsr.cfsrReg = SCB->CFSR;
+    ///* Stores the Hard Fault Status Register */
+    //crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.hfsr.hfsrReg = SCB->HFSR;
+    ///* Stores the System Handler Control and State Register */
+    //crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.shcsr.shcsrReg = SCB->SHCSR;
+    ///* Store MemMange fault address */
+    //crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.mmfar = SCB->MMFAR;
+    ///* Store Bus fault address */
+    //crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.bfar = SCB->BFAR;
+
+    volatile uint8_t __attribute__((unused)) watchpoint_number = 0;
+    // if (DWT->FUNCTION0 & DWT_FUNCTION_MATCHED_Msk) {
+    //    watchpoint_number = 0;
+    //} else if (DWT->FUNCTION1 & DWT_FUNCTION_MATCHED_Msk) {
+    //    watchpoint_number = 1;
+    //} else if (DWT->FUNCTION2 & DWT_FUNCTION_MATCHED_Msk) {
+    //    watchpoint_number = 2;
+    //}
+    crash_info_ram.xor_checksum =
+        crc7((uint8_t *)&crash_info_ram, offsetof(crash_info_t, xor_checksum));
+    __DSB();  // make sure all data is really written into the memory before
+              // doing a reset
+    reset();
+}
+
+extern void DebugMon_Handler(void);
+__attribute__((naked)) void DebugMon_Handler(void) {
+    __asm volatile(
+        " movs r0,#4 \n"
+        " movs r1, lr \n"
+        " tst r0, r1 \n"
+        " beq _MSP2 \n"
+        " mrs r0, psp \n"
+        " b _HALT2 \n"
+        "_MSP2: \n"
+        " mrs r0, msp \n"
+        "_HALT2: \n"
+        " ldr r1,[r0,#20] \n"
+        " b DebugMon_HandlerC \n");
+}
+
+void Hardfault_HandlerC(uint32_t const *faultStackAddr) {
+    memset((void *)crash_info_ram_p, 0, sizeof crash_info_ram);
+    crash_info_ram.magic = crash_magic_hard_fault;
+    crash_info_ram.timestamp = epochtime;
+
+    /* Stores general registers */
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.r0 = faultStackAddr[R0_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.r1 = faultStackAddr[R1_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.r2 = faultStackAddr[R2_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.r3 = faultStackAddr[R3_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.r12 = faultStackAddr[R12_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.lr = faultStackAddr[LR_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.pc = faultStackAddr[PC_Pos];
+    crash_info_ram.cy_faultFrame.psr = faultStackAddr[PSR_Pos];
+
+    crash_info_ram.xor_checksum =
+        crc7((uint8_t *)&crash_info_ram, offsetof(crash_info_t, xor_checksum));
+    __DSB();  // make sure all data is really written into the memory before
+              // doing a reset
+
+    reset();
+}
+__attribute__((naked)) void isr_hardfault(void) {
+    __asm volatile(
+        " movs r0,#4 \n"
+        " movs r1, lr \n"
+        " tst r0, r1 \n"
+        " beq _MSP3 \n"
+        " mrs r0, psp \n"
+        " b _HALT3 \n"
+        "_MSP3: \n"
+        " mrs r0, msp \n"
+        "_HALT3: \n"
+        " ldr r1,[r0,#20] \n"
+        " b Hardfault_HandlerC \n");
+}
+
+enum {
+    crash_info_magic,
+    crash_info_hf_lr,
+    crash_info_hf_pc,
+    crash_info_reset_request_line,
+    crash_info_assert
+};
+
+int dump_crash_info(crash_info_t const *const crash_info_p, int next, char *const buf,
+                    size_t const buf_sz) {
+    int nwrit = 0;
+    switch (next) {
+        case crash_info_magic:
+            nwrit = snprintf(buf, buf_sz, "Event: ");
+            switch (crash_info_p->magic) {
+                case crash_magic_none:
+                    nwrit += snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit, "\tNone.");
+                    next = 0;
+                    break;
+                case crash_magic_bootloader_entry:
+                    nwrit += snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit, "\tBootloader Entry.");
+                    next = 0;
+                    break;
+                case crash_magic_hard_fault:
+                    nwrit += snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit, "\tCM4 Hard Fault.");
+                    next = crash_info_hf_lr;
+                    break;
+                case crash_magic_debug_mon:
+                    nwrit += snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit,
+                                       "\tDebug Monitor Watchpoint Triggered.");
+                    next = crash_info_hf_lr;
+                    break;
+                case crash_magic_reboot_requested:
+                    nwrit += snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit, "\tReboot Requested.");
+                    next = crash_info_reset_request_line;
+                    break;
+                case crash_magic_assert:
+                    nwrit += snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit, "\tAssertion Failed.");
+                    next = crash_info_assert;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    DBG_ASSERT_CASE_NOT(crash_info_p->magic);
+                    next = 0;
+            }
+            {
+                struct tm tmbuf;
+                struct tm *ptm = localtime_r(&crash_info_p->timestamp, &tmbuf);
+                char tsbuf[32];
+                size_t n = strftime(tsbuf, sizeof tsbuf, "\n\tTime: %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\n", ptm);
+                myASSERT(n);
+                nwrit = snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit, "%s", tsbuf);
+            }
+            break;
+        case crash_info_hf_lr:
+            nwrit += snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit, "\tLink Register (LR): %p\n",
+                              (void *)crash_info_p->cy_faultFrame.lr);
+            next = crash_info_hf_pc;
+            break;
+        case crash_info_hf_pc:
+            nwrit += snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit, "\tProgram Counter (PC): %p\n",
+                              (void *)crash_info_p->cy_faultFrame.pc);
+            next = 0;
+            break;
+        case crash_info_reset_request_line:
+            nwrit +=
+                snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit, "\tReset request calling function: %s\n",
+                         crash_info_p->calling_func);
+            next = 0;
+            break;
+        case crash_info_assert:
+            nwrit += snprintf(buf + nwrit, buf_sz - nwrit,
+                              "\tAssertion \"%s\" failed: file \"%s\", line "
+                              "%d, function: %s\n",
+                              crash_info_p->assert.pred, crash_info_p->assert.file,
+                              crash_info_p->assert.line, crash_info_p->assert.func);
+            next = 0;
+            break;
+        default:
+            ASSERT_CASE_NOT(crash_info_p->magic);
+    }
+    return next;
+}
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/crc.c

+/* crc.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+/* Partially derived from:
+ * crcany (https://github.com/madler/crcany)
+ * License
+ * This code is under the zlib license, permitting free commercial use.
+ */
+
+#include "crc.h"
+
+const char m_Crc7Table[] = {0x00, 0x09, 0x12, 0x1B, 0x24, 0x2D, 0x36,
+	0x3F, 0x48, 0x41, 0x5A, 0x53, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x7E, 0x77, 0x19, 0x10, 0x0B,
+	0x02, 0x3D, 0x34, 0x2F, 0x26, 0x51, 0x58, 0x43, 0x4A, 0x75, 0x7C, 0x67,
+	0x6E, 0x32, 0x3B, 0x20, 0x29, 0x16, 0x1F, 0x04, 0x0D, 0x7A, 0x73, 0x68,
+	0x61, 0x5E, 0x57, 0x4C, 0x45, 0x2B, 0x22, 0x39, 0x30, 0x0F, 0x06, 0x1D,
+	0x14, 0x63, 0x6A, 0x71, 0x78, 0x47, 0x4E, 0x55, 0x5C, 0x64, 0x6D, 0x76,
+	0x7F, 0x40, 0x49, 0x52, 0x5B, 0x2C, 0x25, 0x3E, 0x37, 0x08, 0x01, 0x1A,
+	0x13, 0x7D, 0x74, 0x6F, 0x66, 0x59, 0x50, 0x4B, 0x42, 0x35, 0x3C, 0x27,
+	0x2E, 0x11, 0x18, 0x03, 0x0A, 0x56, 0x5F, 0x44, 0x4D, 0x72, 0x7B, 0x60,
+	0x69, 0x1E, 0x17, 0x0C, 0x05, 0x3A, 0x33, 0x28, 0x21, 0x4F, 0x46, 0x5D,
+	0x54, 0x6B, 0x62, 0x79, 0x70, 0x07, 0x0E, 0x15, 0x1C, 0x23, 0x2A, 0x31,
+	0x38, 0x41, 0x48, 0x53, 0x5A, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x77, 0x7E, 0x09, 0x00, 0x1B,
+	0x12, 0x2D, 0x24, 0x3F, 0x36, 0x58, 0x51, 0x4A, 0x43, 0x7C, 0x75, 0x6E,
+	0x67, 0x10, 0x19, 0x02, 0x0B, 0x34, 0x3D, 0x26, 0x2F, 0x73, 0x7A, 0x61,
+	0x68, 0x57, 0x5E, 0x45, 0x4C, 0x3B, 0x32, 0x29, 0x20, 0x1F, 0x16, 0x0D,
+	0x04, 0x6A, 0x63, 0x78, 0x71, 0x4E, 0x47, 0x5C, 0x55, 0x22, 0x2B, 0x30,
+	0x39, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x14, 0x1D, 0x25, 0x2C, 0x37, 0x3E, 0x01, 0x08, 0x13,
+	0x1A, 0x6D, 0x64, 0x7F, 0x76, 0x49, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x52, 0x3C, 0x35, 0x2E,
+	0x27, 0x18, 0x11, 0x0A, 0x03, 0x74, 0x7D, 0x66, 0x6F, 0x50, 0x59, 0x42,
+	0x4B, 0x17, 0x1E, 0x05, 0x0C, 0x33, 0x3A, 0x21, 0x28, 0x5F, 0x56, 0x4D,
+	0x44, 0x7B, 0x72, 0x69, 0x60, 0x0E, 0x07, 0x1C, 0x15, 0x2A, 0x23, 0x38,
+	0x31, 0x46, 0x4F, 0x54, 0x5D, 0x62, 0x6B, 0x70, 0x79};
+
+/* The CRC check sum is a 16-bit value and is computed as follows:
+ Generator polynomial G(x) = x^16 +x^12 +x^5 +1
+ M(x) = (first bit) * x^n + (second bit)* x^(n-1) +...+ (last bit) * x^0
+ CRC[15...0] = Remainder [(M(x) * x^16)/G(x)]
+ The first bit is the first data bit of the corresponding block. The degree n of the polynomial denotes the
+ number of bits of the data block decreased by one (e.g. n = 4095 for a block length of 512 bytes). The
+ generator polynomial G(x) is a standard CCITT polynomial. The code has a minimal distance d=4 and is
+ used for a payload length of up to 2048 Bytes (n <= 16383).
+
+ A CRC is called an n-bit CRC when its check value is n-bits.
+ For a given n, multiple CRCs are possible, each with a different polynomial.
+ Such a polynomial has highest degree n, and hence n + 1 terms (the polynomial has a length of n + 1).
+ The remainder has length n.
+ The CRC has a name of the form CRC-n-XXX.
+
+ Omission of the high-order bit of the divisor polynomial:
+ Since the high-order bit is always 1, and since an n-bit CRC must be defined by
+ an (n + 1)-bit divisor which overflows an n-bit register,
+ some writers assume that it is unnecessary to mention the divisor's high-order bit.
+ Omission of the low-order bit of the divisor polynomial:
+ Since the low-order bit is always 1, authors such as Philip Koopman represent polynomials
+ with their high-order bit intact, but without the low-order bit (the x^0 or 1 term).
+ This convention encodes the polynomial complete with its degree in one integer.
+
+ https://reveng.sourceforge.io/crc-catalogue/all.htm#crc.cat.crc-16-ibm-3740
+ https://github.com/madler/crcany
+
+ 16-bit CRC-CCITT specification, is: (CRC-16/IBM-3740? An algorithm commonly misidentified as CRC-CCITT.)
+ Width = 16 bits
+ Truncated polynomial = 0x1021
+ Initial value = 0xFFFF (This doesn't seem to be how it works for SD cards!)
+ Input data is NOT reflected
+ Output CRC is NOT reflected
+ No XOR is performed on the output CRC
+
+ Polynomial representations
+ Normal  Reversed    Reciprocal  Reversed reciprocal
+ 0x1021  0x8408      0x811       0x8810
+
+ 1
+ 2109876543210
+ 0x1021 = 0b1000000100001 = 4129
+ */
+
+static uint16_t const table_byte[] = {
+    0x0000, 0x1021, 0x2042, 0x3063, 0x4084, 0x50a5, 0x60c6, 0x70e7, 0x8108, 0x9129,
+    0xa14a, 0xb16b, 0xc18c, 0xd1ad, 0xe1ce, 0xf1ef, 0x1231, 0x0210, 0x3273, 0x2252,
+    0x52b5, 0x4294, 0x72f7, 0x62d6, 0x9339, 0x8318, 0xb37b, 0xa35a, 0xd3bd, 0xc39c,
+    0xf3ff, 0xe3de, 0x2462, 0x3443, 0x0420, 0x1401, 0x64e6, 0x74c7, 0x44a4, 0x5485,
+    0xa56a, 0xb54b, 0x8528, 0x9509, 0xe5ee, 0xf5cf, 0xc5ac, 0xd58d, 0x3653, 0x2672,
+    0x1611, 0x0630, 0x76d7, 0x66f6, 0x5695, 0x46b4, 0xb75b, 0xa77a, 0x9719, 0x8738,
+    0xf7df, 0xe7fe, 0xd79d, 0xc7bc, 0x48c4, 0x58e5, 0x6886, 0x78a7, 0x0840, 0x1861,
+    0x2802, 0x3823, 0xc9cc, 0xd9ed, 0xe98e, 0xf9af, 0x8948, 0x9969, 0xa90a, 0xb92b,
+    0x5af5, 0x4ad4, 0x7ab7, 0x6a96, 0x1a71, 0x0a50, 0x3a33, 0x2a12, 0xdbfd, 0xcbdc,
+    0xfbbf, 0xeb9e, 0x9b79, 0x8b58, 0xbb3b, 0xab1a, 0x6ca6, 0x7c87, 0x4ce4, 0x5cc5,
+    0x2c22, 0x3c03, 0x0c60, 0x1c41, 0xedae, 0xfd8f, 0xcdec, 0xddcd, 0xad2a, 0xbd0b,
+    0x8d68, 0x9d49, 0x7e97, 0x6eb6, 0x5ed5, 0x4ef4, 0x3e13, 0x2e32, 0x1e51, 0x0e70,
+    0xff9f, 0xefbe, 0xdfdd, 0xcffc, 0xbf1b, 0xaf3a, 0x9f59, 0x8f78, 0x9188, 0x81a9,
+    0xb1ca, 0xa1eb, 0xd10c, 0xc12d, 0xf14e, 0xe16f, 0x1080, 0x00a1, 0x30c2, 0x20e3,
+    0x5004, 0x4025, 0x7046, 0x6067, 0x83b9, 0x9398, 0xa3fb, 0xb3da, 0xc33d, 0xd31c,
+    0xe37f, 0xf35e, 0x02b1, 0x1290, 0x22f3, 0x32d2, 0x4235, 0x5214, 0x6277, 0x7256,
+    0xb5ea, 0xa5cb, 0x95a8, 0x8589, 0xf56e, 0xe54f, 0xd52c, 0xc50d, 0x34e2, 0x24c3,
+    0x14a0, 0x0481, 0x7466, 0x6447, 0x5424, 0x4405, 0xa7db, 0xb7fa, 0x8799, 0x97b8,
+    0xe75f, 0xf77e, 0xc71d, 0xd73c, 0x26d3, 0x36f2, 0x0691, 0x16b0, 0x6657, 0x7676,
+    0x4615, 0x5634, 0xd94c, 0xc96d, 0xf90e, 0xe92f, 0x99c8, 0x89e9, 0xb98a, 0xa9ab,
+    0x5844, 0x4865, 0x7806, 0x6827, 0x18c0, 0x08e1, 0x3882, 0x28a3, 0xcb7d, 0xdb5c,
+    0xeb3f, 0xfb1e, 0x8bf9, 0x9bd8, 0xabbb, 0xbb9a, 0x4a75, 0x5a54, 0x6a37, 0x7a16,
+    0x0af1, 0x1ad0, 0x2ab3, 0x3a92, 0xfd2e, 0xed0f, 0xdd6c, 0xcd4d, 0xbdaa, 0xad8b,
+    0x9de8, 0x8dc9, 0x7c26, 0x6c07, 0x5c64, 0x4c45, 0x3ca2, 0x2c83, 0x1ce0, 0x0cc1,
+    0xef1f, 0xff3e, 0xcf5d, 0xdf7c, 0xaf9b, 0xbfba, 0x8fd9, 0x9ff8, 0x6e17, 0x7e36,
+    0x4e55, 0x5e74, 0x2e93, 0x3eb2, 0x0ed1, 0x1ef0
+};
+
+static uint16_t const table_word[][256] = {
+   {0x0000, 0x2110, 0x4220, 0x6330, 0x8440, 0xa550, 0xc660, 0xe770, 0x0881, 0x2991,
+    0x4aa1, 0x6bb1, 0x8cc1, 0xadd1, 0xcee1, 0xeff1, 0x3112, 0x1002, 0x7332, 0x5222,
+    0xb552, 0x9442, 0xf772, 0xd662, 0x3993, 0x1883, 0x7bb3, 0x5aa3, 0xbdd3, 0x9cc3,
+    0xfff3, 0xdee3, 0x6224, 0x4334, 0x2004, 0x0114, 0xe664, 0xc774, 0xa444, 0x8554,
+    0x6aa5, 0x4bb5, 0x2885, 0x0995, 0xeee5, 0xcff5, 0xacc5, 0x8dd5, 0x5336, 0x7226,
+    0x1116, 0x3006, 0xd776, 0xf666, 0x9556, 0xb446, 0x5bb7, 0x7aa7, 0x1997, 0x3887,
+    0xdff7, 0xfee7, 0x9dd7, 0xbcc7, 0xc448, 0xe558, 0x8668, 0xa778, 0x4008, 0x6118,
+    0x0228, 0x2338, 0xccc9, 0xedd9, 0x8ee9, 0xaff9, 0x4889, 0x6999, 0x0aa9, 0x2bb9,
+    0xf55a, 0xd44a, 0xb77a, 0x966a, 0x711a, 0x500a, 0x333a, 0x122a, 0xfddb, 0xdccb,
+    0xbffb, 0x9eeb, 0x799b, 0x588b, 0x3bbb, 0x1aab, 0xa66c, 0x877c, 0xe44c, 0xc55c,
+    0x222c, 0x033c, 0x600c, 0x411c, 0xaeed, 0x8ffd, 0xeccd, 0xcddd, 0x2aad, 0x0bbd,
+    0x688d, 0x499d, 0x977e, 0xb66e, 0xd55e, 0xf44e, 0x133e, 0x322e, 0x511e, 0x700e,
+    0x9fff, 0xbeef, 0xdddf, 0xfccf, 0x1bbf, 0x3aaf, 0x599f, 0x788f, 0x8891, 0xa981,
+    0xcab1, 0xeba1, 0x0cd1, 0x2dc1, 0x4ef1, 0x6fe1, 0x8010, 0xa100, 0xc230, 0xe320,
+    0x0450, 0x2540, 0x4670, 0x6760, 0xb983, 0x9893, 0xfba3, 0xdab3, 0x3dc3, 0x1cd3,
+    0x7fe3, 0x5ef3, 0xb102, 0x9012, 0xf322, 0xd232, 0x3542, 0x1452, 0x7762, 0x5672,
+    0xeab5, 0xcba5, 0xa895, 0x8985, 0x6ef5, 0x4fe5, 0x2cd5, 0x0dc5, 0xe234, 0xc324,
+    0xa014, 0x8104, 0x6674, 0x4764, 0x2454, 0x0544, 0xdba7, 0xfab7, 0x9987, 0xb897,
+    0x5fe7, 0x7ef7, 0x1dc7, 0x3cd7, 0xd326, 0xf236, 0x9106, 0xb016, 0x5766, 0x7676,
+    0x1546, 0x3456, 0x4cd9, 0x6dc9, 0x0ef9, 0x2fe9, 0xc899, 0xe989, 0x8ab9, 0xaba9,
+    0x4458, 0x6548, 0x0678, 0x2768, 0xc018, 0xe108, 0x8238, 0xa328, 0x7dcb, 0x5cdb,
+    0x3feb, 0x1efb, 0xf98b, 0xd89b, 0xbbab, 0x9abb, 0x754a, 0x545a, 0x376a, 0x167a,
+    0xf10a, 0xd01a, 0xb32a, 0x923a, 0x2efd, 0x0fed, 0x6cdd, 0x4dcd, 0xaabd, 0x8bad,
+    0xe89d, 0xc98d, 0x267c, 0x076c, 0x645c, 0x454c, 0xa23c, 0x832c, 0xe01c, 0xc10c,
+    0x1fef, 0x3eff, 0x5dcf, 0x7cdf, 0x9baf, 0xbabf, 0xd98f, 0xf89f, 0x176e, 0x367e,
+    0x554e, 0x745e, 0x932e, 0xb23e, 0xd10e, 0xf01e},
+   {0x0000, 0x3133, 0x6266, 0x5355, 0xc4cc, 0xf5ff, 0xa6aa, 0x9799, 0xa989, 0x98ba,
+    0xcbef, 0xfadc, 0x6d45, 0x5c76, 0x0f23, 0x3e10, 0x7303, 0x4230, 0x1165, 0x2056,
+    0xb7cf, 0x86fc, 0xd5a9, 0xe49a, 0xda8a, 0xebb9, 0xb8ec, 0x89df, 0x1e46, 0x2f75,
+    0x7c20, 0x4d13, 0xe606, 0xd735, 0x8460, 0xb553, 0x22ca, 0x13f9, 0x40ac, 0x719f,
+    0x4f8f, 0x7ebc, 0x2de9, 0x1cda, 0x8b43, 0xba70, 0xe925, 0xd816, 0x9505, 0xa436,
+    0xf763, 0xc650, 0x51c9, 0x60fa, 0x33af, 0x029c, 0x3c8c, 0x0dbf, 0x5eea, 0x6fd9,
+    0xf840, 0xc973, 0x9a26, 0xab15, 0xcc0d, 0xfd3e, 0xae6b, 0x9f58, 0x08c1, 0x39f2,
+    0x6aa7, 0x5b94, 0x6584, 0x54b7, 0x07e2, 0x36d1, 0xa148, 0x907b, 0xc32e, 0xf21d,
+    0xbf0e, 0x8e3d, 0xdd68, 0xec5b, 0x7bc2, 0x4af1, 0x19a4, 0x2897, 0x1687, 0x27b4,
+    0x74e1, 0x45d2, 0xd24b, 0xe378, 0xb02d, 0x811e, 0x2a0b, 0x1b38, 0x486d, 0x795e,
+    0xeec7, 0xdff4, 0x8ca1, 0xbd92, 0x8382, 0xb2b1, 0xe1e4, 0xd0d7, 0x474e, 0x767d,
+    0x2528, 0x141b, 0x5908, 0x683b, 0x3b6e, 0x0a5d, 0x9dc4, 0xacf7, 0xffa2, 0xce91,
+    0xf081, 0xc1b2, 0x92e7, 0xa3d4, 0x344d, 0x057e, 0x562b, 0x6718, 0x981b, 0xa928,
+    0xfa7d, 0xcb4e, 0x5cd7, 0x6de4, 0x3eb1, 0x0f82, 0x3192, 0x00a1, 0x53f4, 0x62c7,
+    0xf55e, 0xc46d, 0x9738, 0xa60b, 0xeb18, 0xda2b, 0x897e, 0xb84d, 0x2fd4, 0x1ee7,
+    0x4db2, 0x7c81, 0x4291, 0x73a2, 0x20f7, 0x11c4, 0x865d, 0xb76e, 0xe43b, 0xd508,
+    0x7e1d, 0x4f2e, 0x1c7b, 0x2d48, 0xbad1, 0x8be2, 0xd8b7, 0xe984, 0xd794, 0xe6a7,
+    0xb5f2, 0x84c1, 0x1358, 0x226b, 0x713e, 0x400d, 0x0d1e, 0x3c2d, 0x6f78, 0x5e4b,
+    0xc9d2, 0xf8e1, 0xabb4, 0x9a87, 0xa497, 0x95a4, 0xc6f1, 0xf7c2, 0x605b, 0x5168,
+    0x023d, 0x330e, 0x5416, 0x6525, 0x3670, 0x0743, 0x90da, 0xa1e9, 0xf2bc, 0xc38f,
+    0xfd9f, 0xccac, 0x9ff9, 0xaeca, 0x3953, 0x0860, 0x5b35, 0x6a06, 0x2715, 0x1626,
+    0x4573, 0x7440, 0xe3d9, 0xd2ea, 0x81bf, 0xb08c, 0x8e9c, 0xbfaf, 0xecfa, 0xddc9,
+    0x4a50, 0x7b63, 0x2836, 0x1905, 0xb210, 0x8323, 0xd076, 0xe145, 0x76dc, 0x47ef,
+    0x14ba, 0x2589, 0x1b99, 0x2aaa, 0x79ff, 0x48cc, 0xdf55, 0xee66, 0xbd33, 0x8c00,
+    0xc113, 0xf020, 0xa375, 0x9246, 0x05df, 0x34ec, 0x67b9, 0x568a, 0x689a, 0x59a9,
+    0x0afc, 0x3bcf, 0xac56, 0x9d65, 0xce30, 0xff03},
+   {0x0000, 0x3037, 0x606e, 0x5059, 0xc0dc, 0xf0eb, 0xa0b2, 0x9085, 0xa1a9, 0x919e,
+    0xc1c7, 0xf1f0, 0x6175, 0x5142, 0x011b, 0x312c, 0x6343, 0x5374, 0x032d, 0x331a,
+    0xa39f, 0x93a8, 0xc3f1, 0xf3c6, 0xc2ea, 0xf2dd, 0xa284, 0x92b3, 0x0236, 0x3201,
+    0x6258, 0x526f, 0xc686, 0xf6b1, 0xa6e8, 0x96df, 0x065a, 0x366d, 0x6634, 0x5603,
+    0x672f, 0x5718, 0x0741, 0x3776, 0xa7f3, 0x97c4, 0xc79d, 0xf7aa, 0xa5c5, 0x95f2,
+    0xc5ab, 0xf59c, 0x6519, 0x552e, 0x0577, 0x3540, 0x046c, 0x345b, 0x6402, 0x5435,
+    0xc4b0, 0xf487, 0xa4de, 0x94e9, 0xad1d, 0x9d2a, 0xcd73, 0xfd44, 0x6dc1, 0x5df6,
+    0x0daf, 0x3d98, 0x0cb4, 0x3c83, 0x6cda, 0x5ced, 0xcc68, 0xfc5f, 0xac06, 0x9c31,
+    0xce5e, 0xfe69, 0xae30, 0x9e07, 0x0e82, 0x3eb5, 0x6eec, 0x5edb, 0x6ff7, 0x5fc0,
+    0x0f99, 0x3fae, 0xaf2b, 0x9f1c, 0xcf45, 0xff72, 0x6b9b, 0x5bac, 0x0bf5, 0x3bc2,
+    0xab47, 0x9b70, 0xcb29, 0xfb1e, 0xca32, 0xfa05, 0xaa5c, 0x9a6b, 0x0aee, 0x3ad9,
+    0x6a80, 0x5ab7, 0x08d8, 0x38ef, 0x68b6, 0x5881, 0xc804, 0xf833, 0xa86a, 0x985d,
+    0xa971, 0x9946, 0xc91f, 0xf928, 0x69ad, 0x599a, 0x09c3, 0x39f4, 0x5a3b, 0x6a0c,
+    0x3a55, 0x0a62, 0x9ae7, 0xaad0, 0xfa89, 0xcabe, 0xfb92, 0xcba5, 0x9bfc, 0xabcb,
+    0x3b4e, 0x0b79, 0x5b20, 0x6b17, 0x3978, 0x094f, 0x5916, 0x6921, 0xf9a4, 0xc993,
+    0x99ca, 0xa9fd, 0x98d1, 0xa8e6, 0xf8bf, 0xc888, 0x580d, 0x683a, 0x3863, 0x0854,
+    0x9cbd, 0xac8a, 0xfcd3, 0xcce4, 0x5c61, 0x6c56, 0x3c0f, 0x0c38, 0x3d14, 0x0d23,
+    0x5d7a, 0x6d4d, 0xfdc8, 0xcdff, 0x9da6, 0xad91, 0xfffe, 0xcfc9, 0x9f90, 0xafa7,
+    0x3f22, 0x0f15, 0x5f4c, 0x6f7b, 0x5e57, 0x6e60, 0x3e39, 0x0e0e, 0x9e8b, 0xaebc,
+    0xfee5, 0xced2, 0xf726, 0xc711, 0x9748, 0xa77f, 0x37fa, 0x07cd, 0x5794, 0x67a3,
+    0x568f, 0x66b8, 0x36e1, 0x06d6, 0x9653, 0xa664, 0xf63d, 0xc60a, 0x9465, 0xa452,
+    0xf40b, 0xc43c, 0x54b9, 0x648e, 0x34d7, 0x04e0, 0x35cc, 0x05fb, 0x55a2, 0x6595,
+    0xf510, 0xc527, 0x957e, 0xa549, 0x31a0, 0x0197, 0x51ce, 0x61f9, 0xf17c, 0xc14b,
+    0x9112, 0xa125, 0x9009, 0xa03e, 0xf067, 0xc050, 0x50d5, 0x60e2, 0x30bb, 0x008c,
+    0x52e3, 0x62d4, 0x328d, 0x02ba, 0x923f, 0xa208, 0xf251, 0xc266, 0xf34a, 0xc37d,
+    0x9324, 0xa313, 0x3396, 0x03a1, 0x53f8, 0x63cf},
+   {0x0000, 0xb476, 0x68ed, 0xdc9b, 0xf1ca, 0x45bc, 0x9927, 0x2d51, 0xc385, 0x77f3,
+    0xab68, 0x1f1e, 0x324f, 0x8639, 0x5aa2, 0xeed4, 0xa71b, 0x136d, 0xcff6, 0x7b80,
+    0x56d1, 0xe2a7, 0x3e3c, 0x8a4a, 0x649e, 0xd0e8, 0x0c73, 0xb805, 0x9554, 0x2122,
+    0xfdb9, 0x49cf, 0x4e37, 0xfa41, 0x26da, 0x92ac, 0xbffd, 0x0b8b, 0xd710, 0x6366,
+    0x8db2, 0x39c4, 0xe55f, 0x5129, 0x7c78, 0xc80e, 0x1495, 0xa0e3, 0xe92c, 0x5d5a,
+    0x81c1, 0x35b7, 0x18e6, 0xac90, 0x700b, 0xc47d, 0x2aa9, 0x9edf, 0x4244, 0xf632,
+    0xdb63, 0x6f15, 0xb38e, 0x07f8, 0x9c6e, 0x2818, 0xf483, 0x40f5, 0x6da4, 0xd9d2,
+    0x0549, 0xb13f, 0x5feb, 0xeb9d, 0x3706, 0x8370, 0xae21, 0x1a57, 0xc6cc, 0x72ba,
+    0x3b75, 0x8f03, 0x5398, 0xe7ee, 0xcabf, 0x7ec9, 0xa252, 0x1624, 0xf8f0, 0x4c86,
+    0x901d, 0x246b, 0x093a, 0xbd4c, 0x61d7, 0xd5a1, 0xd259, 0x662f, 0xbab4, 0x0ec2,
+    0x2393, 0x97e5, 0x4b7e, 0xff08, 0x11dc, 0xa5aa, 0x7931, 0xcd47, 0xe016, 0x5460,
+    0x88fb, 0x3c8d, 0x7542, 0xc134, 0x1daf, 0xa9d9, 0x8488, 0x30fe, 0xec65, 0x5813,
+    0xb6c7, 0x02b1, 0xde2a, 0x6a5c, 0x470d, 0xf37b, 0x2fe0, 0x9b96, 0x38dd, 0x8cab,
+    0x5030, 0xe446, 0xc917, 0x7d61, 0xa1fa, 0x158c, 0xfb58, 0x4f2e, 0x93b5, 0x27c3,
+    0x0a92, 0xbee4, 0x627f, 0xd609, 0x9fc6, 0x2bb0, 0xf72b, 0x435d, 0x6e0c, 0xda7a,
+    0x06e1, 0xb297, 0x5c43, 0xe835, 0x34ae, 0x80d8, 0xad89, 0x19ff, 0xc564, 0x7112,
+    0x76ea, 0xc29c, 0x1e07, 0xaa71, 0x8720, 0x3356, 0xefcd, 0x5bbb, 0xb56f, 0x0119,
+    0xdd82, 0x69f4, 0x44a5, 0xf0d3, 0x2c48, 0x983e, 0xd1f1, 0x6587, 0xb91c, 0x0d6a,
+    0x203b, 0x944d, 0x48d6, 0xfca0, 0x1274, 0xa602, 0x7a99, 0xceef, 0xe3be, 0x57c8,
+    0x8b53, 0x3f25, 0xa4b3, 0x10c5, 0xcc5e, 0x7828, 0x5579, 0xe10f, 0x3d94, 0x89e2,
+    0x6736, 0xd340, 0x0fdb, 0xbbad, 0x96fc, 0x228a, 0xfe11, 0x4a67, 0x03a8, 0xb7de,
+    0x6b45, 0xdf33, 0xf262, 0x4614, 0x9a8f, 0x2ef9, 0xc02d, 0x745b, 0xa8c0, 0x1cb6,
+    0x31e7, 0x8591, 0x590a, 0xed7c, 0xea84, 0x5ef2, 0x8269, 0x361f, 0x1b4e, 0xaf38,
+    0x73a3, 0xc7d5, 0x2901, 0x9d77, 0x41ec, 0xf59a, 0xd8cb, 0x6cbd, 0xb026, 0x0450,
+    0x4d9f, 0xf9e9, 0x2572, 0x9104, 0xbc55, 0x0823, 0xd4b8, 0x60ce, 0x8e1a, 0x3a6c,
+    0xe6f7, 0x5281, 0x7fd0, 0xcba6, 0x173d, 0xa34b},
+   {0x0000, 0x51aa, 0x8344, 0xd2ee, 0x0689, 0x5723, 0x85cd, 0xd467, 0x2d02, 0x7ca8,
+    0xae46, 0xffec, 0x2b8b, 0x7a21, 0xa8cf, 0xf965, 0x5a04, 0x0bae, 0xd940, 0x88ea,
+    0x5c8d, 0x0d27, 0xdfc9, 0x8e63, 0x7706, 0x26ac, 0xf442, 0xa5e8, 0x718f, 0x2025,
+    0xf2cb, 0xa361, 0xb408, 0xe5a2, 0x374c, 0x66e6, 0xb281, 0xe32b, 0x31c5, 0x606f,
+    0x990a, 0xc8a0, 0x1a4e, 0x4be4, 0x9f83, 0xce29, 0x1cc7, 0x4d6d, 0xee0c, 0xbfa6,
+    0x6d48, 0x3ce2, 0xe885, 0xb92f, 0x6bc1, 0x3a6b, 0xc30e, 0x92a4, 0x404a, 0x11e0,
+    0xc587, 0x942d, 0x46c3, 0x1769, 0x6811, 0x39bb, 0xeb55, 0xbaff, 0x6e98, 0x3f32,
+    0xeddc, 0xbc76, 0x4513, 0x14b9, 0xc657, 0x97fd, 0x439a, 0x1230, 0xc0de, 0x9174,
+    0x3215, 0x63bf, 0xb151, 0xe0fb, 0x349c, 0x6536, 0xb7d8, 0xe672, 0x1f17, 0x4ebd,
+    0x9c53, 0xcdf9, 0x199e, 0x4834, 0x9ada, 0xcb70, 0xdc19, 0x8db3, 0x5f5d, 0x0ef7,
+    0xda90, 0x8b3a, 0x59d4, 0x087e, 0xf11b, 0xa0b1, 0x725f, 0x23f5, 0xf792, 0xa638,
+    0x74d6, 0x257c, 0x861d, 0xd7b7, 0x0559, 0x54f3, 0x8094, 0xd13e, 0x03d0, 0x527a,
+    0xab1f, 0xfab5, 0x285b, 0x79f1, 0xad96, 0xfc3c, 0x2ed2, 0x7f78, 0xd022, 0x8188,
+    0x5366, 0x02cc, 0xd6ab, 0x8701, 0x55ef, 0x0445, 0xfd20, 0xac8a, 0x7e64, 0x2fce,
+    0xfba9, 0xaa03, 0x78ed, 0x2947, 0x8a26, 0xdb8c, 0x0962, 0x58c8, 0x8caf, 0xdd05,
+    0x0feb, 0x5e41, 0xa724, 0xf68e, 0x2460, 0x75ca, 0xa1ad, 0xf007, 0x22e9, 0x7343,
+    0x642a, 0x3580, 0xe76e, 0xb6c4, 0x62a3, 0x3309, 0xe1e7, 0xb04d, 0x4928, 0x1882,
+    0xca6c, 0x9bc6, 0x4fa1, 0x1e0b, 0xcce5, 0x9d4f, 0x3e2e, 0x6f84, 0xbd6a, 0xecc0,
+    0x38a7, 0x690d, 0xbbe3, 0xea49, 0x132c, 0x4286, 0x9068, 0xc1c2, 0x15a5, 0x440f,
+    0x96e1, 0xc74b, 0xb833, 0xe999, 0x3b77, 0x6add, 0xbeba, 0xef10, 0x3dfe, 0x6c54,
+    0x9531, 0xc49b, 0x1675, 0x47df, 0x93b8, 0xc212, 0x10fc, 0x4156, 0xe237, 0xb39d,
+    0x6173, 0x30d9, 0xe4be, 0xb514, 0x67fa, 0x3650, 0xcf35, 0x9e9f, 0x4c71, 0x1ddb,
+    0xc9bc, 0x9816, 0x4af8, 0x1b52, 0x0c3b, 0x5d91, 0x8f7f, 0xded5, 0x0ab2, 0x5b18,
+    0x89f6, 0xd85c, 0x2139, 0x7093, 0xa27d, 0xf3d7, 0x27b0, 0x761a, 0xa4f4, 0xf55e,
+    0x563f, 0x0795, 0xd57b, 0x84d1, 0x50b6, 0x011c, 0xd3f2, 0x8258, 0x7b3d, 0x2a97,
+    0xf879, 0xa9d3, 0x7db4, 0x2c1e, 0xfef0, 0xaf5a},
+   {0x0000, 0xa045, 0x408b, 0xe0ce, 0xa106, 0x0143, 0xe18d, 0x41c8, 0x420d, 0xe248,
+    0x0286, 0xa2c3, 0xe30b, 0x434e, 0xa380, 0x03c5, 0x841a, 0x245f, 0xc491, 0x64d4,
+    0x251c, 0x8559, 0x6597, 0xc5d2, 0xc617, 0x6652, 0x869c, 0x26d9, 0x6711, 0xc754,
+    0x279a, 0x87df, 0x0835, 0xa870, 0x48be, 0xe8fb, 0xa933, 0x0976, 0xe9b8, 0x49fd,
+    0x4a38, 0xea7d, 0x0ab3, 0xaaf6, 0xeb3e, 0x4b7b, 0xabb5, 0x0bf0, 0x8c2f, 0x2c6a,
+    0xcca4, 0x6ce1, 0x2d29, 0x8d6c, 0x6da2, 0xcde7, 0xce22, 0x6e67, 0x8ea9, 0x2eec,
+    0x6f24, 0xcf61, 0x2faf, 0x8fea, 0x106a, 0xb02f, 0x50e1, 0xf0a4, 0xb16c, 0x1129,
+    0xf1e7, 0x51a2, 0x5267, 0xf222, 0x12ec, 0xb2a9, 0xf361, 0x5324, 0xb3ea, 0x13af,
+    0x9470, 0x3435, 0xd4fb, 0x74be, 0x3576, 0x9533, 0x75fd, 0xd5b8, 0xd67d, 0x7638,
+    0x96f6, 0x36b3, 0x777b, 0xd73e, 0x37f0, 0x97b5, 0x185f, 0xb81a, 0x58d4, 0xf891,
+    0xb959, 0x191c, 0xf9d2, 0x5997, 0x5a52, 0xfa17, 0x1ad9, 0xba9c, 0xfb54, 0x5b11,
+    0xbbdf, 0x1b9a, 0x9c45, 0x3c00, 0xdcce, 0x7c8b, 0x3d43, 0x9d06, 0x7dc8, 0xdd8d,
+    0xde48, 0x7e0d, 0x9ec3, 0x3e86, 0x7f4e, 0xdf0b, 0x3fc5, 0x9f80, 0x20d4, 0x8091,
+    0x605f, 0xc01a, 0x81d2, 0x2197, 0xc159, 0x611c, 0x62d9, 0xc29c, 0x2252, 0x8217,
+    0xc3df, 0x639a, 0x8354, 0x2311, 0xa4ce, 0x048b, 0xe445, 0x4400, 0x05c8, 0xa58d,
+    0x4543, 0xe506, 0xe6c3, 0x4686, 0xa648, 0x060d, 0x47c5, 0xe780, 0x074e, 0xa70b,
+    0x28e1, 0x88a4, 0x686a, 0xc82f, 0x89e7, 0x29a2, 0xc96c, 0x6929, 0x6aec, 0xcaa9,
+    0x2a67, 0x8a22, 0xcbea, 0x6baf, 0x8b61, 0x2b24, 0xacfb, 0x0cbe, 0xec70, 0x4c35,
+    0x0dfd, 0xadb8, 0x4d76, 0xed33, 0xeef6, 0x4eb3, 0xae7d, 0x0e38, 0x4ff0, 0xefb5,
+    0x0f7b, 0xaf3e, 0x30be, 0x90fb, 0x7035, 0xd070, 0x91b8, 0x31fd, 0xd133, 0x7176,
+    0x72b3, 0xd2f6, 0x3238, 0x927d, 0xd3b5, 0x73f0, 0x933e, 0x337b, 0xb4a4, 0x14e1,
+    0xf42f, 0x546a, 0x15a2, 0xb5e7, 0x5529, 0xf56c, 0xf6a9, 0x56ec, 0xb622, 0x1667,
+    0x57af, 0xf7ea, 0x1724, 0xb761, 0x388b, 0x98ce, 0x7800, 0xd845, 0x998d, 0x39c8,
+    0xd906, 0x7943, 0x7a86, 0xdac3, 0x3a0d, 0x9a48, 0xdb80, 0x7bc5, 0x9b0b, 0x3b4e,
+    0xbc91, 0x1cd4, 0xfc1a, 0x5c5f, 0x1d97, 0xbdd2, 0x5d1c, 0xfd59, 0xfe9c, 0x5ed9,
+    0xbe17, 0x1e52, 0x5f9a, 0xffdf, 0x1f11, 0xbf54},
+   {0x0000, 0x61b8, 0xe360, 0x82d8, 0xc6c1, 0xa779, 0x25a1, 0x4419, 0xad93, 0xcc2b,
+    0x4ef3, 0x2f4b, 0x6b52, 0x0aea, 0x8832, 0xe98a, 0x7b37, 0x1a8f, 0x9857, 0xf9ef,
+    0xbdf6, 0xdc4e, 0x5e96, 0x3f2e, 0xd6a4, 0xb71c, 0x35c4, 0x547c, 0x1065, 0x71dd,
+    0xf305, 0x92bd, 0xf66e, 0x97d6, 0x150e, 0x74b6, 0x30af, 0x5117, 0xd3cf, 0xb277,
+    0x5bfd, 0x3a45, 0xb89d, 0xd925, 0x9d3c, 0xfc84, 0x7e5c, 0x1fe4, 0x8d59, 0xece1,
+    0x6e39, 0x0f81, 0x4b98, 0x2a20, 0xa8f8, 0xc940, 0x20ca, 0x4172, 0xc3aa, 0xa212,
+    0xe60b, 0x87b3, 0x056b, 0x64d3, 0xecdd, 0x8d65, 0x0fbd, 0x6e05, 0x2a1c, 0x4ba4,
+    0xc97c, 0xa8c4, 0x414e, 0x20f6, 0xa22e, 0xc396, 0x878f, 0xe637, 0x64ef, 0x0557,
+    0x97ea, 0xf652, 0x748a, 0x1532, 0x512b, 0x3093, 0xb24b, 0xd3f3, 0x3a79, 0x5bc1,
+    0xd919, 0xb8a1, 0xfcb8, 0x9d00, 0x1fd8, 0x7e60, 0x1ab3, 0x7b0b, 0xf9d3, 0x986b,
+    0xdc72, 0xbdca, 0x3f12, 0x5eaa, 0xb720, 0xd698, 0x5440, 0x35f8, 0x71e1, 0x1059,
+    0x9281, 0xf339, 0x6184, 0x003c, 0x82e4, 0xe35c, 0xa745, 0xc6fd, 0x4425, 0x259d,
+    0xcc17, 0xadaf, 0x2f77, 0x4ecf, 0x0ad6, 0x6b6e, 0xe9b6, 0x880e, 0xf9ab, 0x9813,
+    0x1acb, 0x7b73, 0x3f6a, 0x5ed2, 0xdc0a, 0xbdb2, 0x5438, 0x3580, 0xb758, 0xd6e0,
+    0x92f9, 0xf341, 0x7199, 0x1021, 0x829c, 0xe324, 0x61fc, 0x0044, 0x445d, 0x25e5,
+    0xa73d, 0xc685, 0x2f0f, 0x4eb7, 0xcc6f, 0xadd7, 0xe9ce, 0x8876, 0x0aae, 0x6b16,
+    0x0fc5, 0x6e7d, 0xeca5, 0x8d1d, 0xc904, 0xa8bc, 0x2a64, 0x4bdc, 0xa256, 0xc3ee,
+    0x4136, 0x208e, 0x6497, 0x052f, 0x87f7, 0xe64f, 0x74f2, 0x154a, 0x9792, 0xf62a,
+    0xb233, 0xd38b, 0x5153, 0x30eb, 0xd961, 0xb8d9, 0x3a01, 0x5bb9, 0x1fa0, 0x7e18,
+    0xfcc0, 0x9d78, 0x1576, 0x74ce, 0xf616, 0x97ae, 0xd3b7, 0xb20f, 0x30d7, 0x516f,
+    0xb8e5, 0xd95d, 0x5b85, 0x3a3d, 0x7e24, 0x1f9c, 0x9d44, 0xfcfc, 0x6e41, 0x0ff9,
+    0x8d21, 0xec99, 0xa880, 0xc938, 0x4be0, 0x2a58, 0xc3d2, 0xa26a, 0x20b2, 0x410a,
+    0x0513, 0x64ab, 0xe673, 0x87cb, 0xe318, 0x82a0, 0x0078, 0x61c0, 0x25d9, 0x4461,
+    0xc6b9, 0xa701, 0x4e8b, 0x2f33, 0xadeb, 0xcc53, 0x884a, 0xe9f2, 0x6b2a, 0x0a92,
+    0x982f, 0xf997, 0x7b4f, 0x1af7, 0x5eee, 0x3f56, 0xbd8e, 0xdc36, 0x35bc, 0x5404,
+    0xd6dc, 0xb764, 0xf37d, 0x92c5, 0x101d, 0x71a5},
+   {0x0000, 0xd347, 0xa68f, 0x75c8, 0x6d0f, 0xbe48, 0xcb80, 0x18c7, 0xda1e, 0x0959,
+    0x7c91, 0xafd6, 0xb711, 0x6456, 0x119e, 0xc2d9, 0xb43d, 0x677a, 0x12b2, 0xc1f5,
+    0xd932, 0x0a75, 0x7fbd, 0xacfa, 0x6e23, 0xbd64, 0xc8ac, 0x1beb, 0x032c, 0xd06b,
+    0xa5a3, 0x76e4, 0x687b, 0xbb3c, 0xcef4, 0x1db3, 0x0574, 0xd633, 0xa3fb, 0x70bc,
+    0xb265, 0x6122, 0x14ea, 0xc7ad, 0xdf6a, 0x0c2d, 0x79e5, 0xaaa2, 0xdc46, 0x0f01,
+    0x7ac9, 0xa98e, 0xb149, 0x620e, 0x17c6, 0xc481, 0x0658, 0xd51f, 0xa0d7, 0x7390,
+    0x6b57, 0xb810, 0xcdd8, 0x1e9f, 0xd0f6, 0x03b1, 0x7679, 0xa53e, 0xbdf9, 0x6ebe,
+    0x1b76, 0xc831, 0x0ae8, 0xd9af, 0xac67, 0x7f20, 0x67e7, 0xb4a0, 0xc168, 0x122f,
+    0x64cb, 0xb78c, 0xc244, 0x1103, 0x09c4, 0xda83, 0xaf4b, 0x7c0c, 0xbed5, 0x6d92,
+    0x185a, 0xcb1d, 0xd3da, 0x009d, 0x7555, 0xa612, 0xb88d, 0x6bca, 0x1e02, 0xcd45,
+    0xd582, 0x06c5, 0x730d, 0xa04a, 0x6293, 0xb1d4, 0xc41c, 0x175b, 0x0f9c, 0xdcdb,
+    0xa913, 0x7a54, 0x0cb0, 0xdff7, 0xaa3f, 0x7978, 0x61bf, 0xb2f8, 0xc730, 0x1477,
+    0xd6ae, 0x05e9, 0x7021, 0xa366, 0xbba1, 0x68e6, 0x1d2e, 0xce69, 0x81fd, 0x52ba,
+    0x2772, 0xf435, 0xecf2, 0x3fb5, 0x4a7d, 0x993a, 0x5be3, 0x88a4, 0xfd6c, 0x2e2b,
+    0x36ec, 0xe5ab, 0x9063, 0x4324, 0x35c0, 0xe687, 0x934f, 0x4008, 0x58cf, 0x8b88,
+    0xfe40, 0x2d07, 0xefde, 0x3c99, 0x4951, 0x9a16, 0x82d1, 0x5196, 0x245e, 0xf719,
+    0xe986, 0x3ac1, 0x4f09, 0x9c4e, 0x8489, 0x57ce, 0x2206, 0xf141, 0x3398, 0xe0df,
+    0x9517, 0x4650, 0x5e97, 0x8dd0, 0xf818, 0x2b5f, 0x5dbb, 0x8efc, 0xfb34, 0x2873,
+    0x30b4, 0xe3f3, 0x963b, 0x457c, 0x87a5, 0x54e2, 0x212a, 0xf26d, 0xeaaa, 0x39ed,
+    0x4c25, 0x9f62, 0x510b, 0x824c, 0xf784, 0x24c3, 0x3c04, 0xef43, 0x9a8b, 0x49cc,
+    0x8b15, 0x5852, 0x2d9a, 0xfedd, 0xe61a, 0x355d, 0x4095, 0x93d2, 0xe536, 0x3671,
+    0x43b9, 0x90fe, 0x8839, 0x5b7e, 0x2eb6, 0xfdf1, 0x3f28, 0xec6f, 0x99a7, 0x4ae0,
+    0x5227, 0x8160, 0xf4a8, 0x27ef, 0x3970, 0xea37, 0x9fff, 0x4cb8, 0x547f, 0x8738,
+    0xf2f0, 0x21b7, 0xe36e, 0x3029, 0x45e1, 0x96a6, 0x8e61, 0x5d26, 0x28ee, 0xfba9,
+    0x8d4d, 0x5e0a, 0x2bc2, 0xf885, 0xe042, 0x3305, 0x46cd, 0x958a, 0x5753, 0x8414,
+    0xf1dc, 0x229b, 0x3a5c, 0xe91b, 0x9cd3, 0x4f94}
+};
+
+static inline uint16_t swaplow(uint16_t crc) {
+    return
+        ((crc & 0xff) << 8) +
+        ((crc & 0xff00) >> 8);
+}
+
+// This code assumes that integers are stored little-endian.
+
+__attribute__((optimize("Ofast")))
+static uint16_t crc16ibm_3740_word(uint16_t crc, void const *mem, size_t len) {
+    unsigned char const *data = mem;
+    if (data == NULL)
+        return 0xffff;
+    while (len && ((ptrdiff_t)data & 0x7)) {
+        len--;
+        crc = (crc << 8) ^
+              table_byte[((crc >> 8) ^ *data++) & 0xff];
+    }
+    crc = swaplow(crc);
+    size_t n = len >> 3;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        uint64_t word = crc ^ ((uint64_t const *)data)[i];
+        crc = table_word[7][word & 0xff] ^
+              table_word[6][(word >> 8) & 0xff] ^
+              table_word[5][(word >> 16) & 0xff] ^
+              table_word[4][(word >> 24) & 0xff] ^
+              table_word[3][(word >> 32) & 0xff] ^
+              table_word[2][(word >> 40) & 0xff] ^
+              table_word[1][(word >> 48) & 0xff] ^
+              table_word[0][word >> 56];
+    }
+    data += n << 3;
+    len &= 7;
+    crc = swaplow(crc);
+    while (len) {
+        len--;
+        crc = (crc << 8) ^
+              table_byte[((crc >> 8) ^ *data++) & 0xff];
+    }
+    return crc;
+}
+
+uint16_t crc16(uint8_t const *data, int const length)
+{
+	//Calculate the CRC16 checksum for the specified data block
+	unsigned short crc = 0;
+	//Return the calculated checksum
+	return crc16ibm_3740_word(crc, data, length);
+}
+
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/f_util.c

+/* f_util.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+//
+#include "ff.h"
+
+const char *FRESULT_str(FRESULT i) {
+    switch (i) {
+        case FR_OK:
+            return "Succeeded";
+        case FR_DISK_ERR:
+            return "A hard error occurred in the low level disk I/O layer";
+        case FR_INT_ERR:
+            return "Assertion failed";
+        case FR_NOT_READY:
+            return "The physical drive cannot work";
+        case FR_NO_FILE:
+            return "Could not find the file";
+        case FR_NO_PATH:
+            return "Could not find the path";
+        case FR_INVALID_NAME:
+            return "The path name format is invalid";
+        case FR_DENIED:
+            return "Access denied due to prohibited access or directory full";
+        case FR_EXIST:
+            return "Access denied due to prohibited access (exists)";
+        case FR_INVALID_OBJECT:
+            return "The file/directory object is invalid";
+        case FR_WRITE_PROTECTED:
+            return "The physical drive is write protected";
+        case FR_INVALID_DRIVE:
+            return "The logical drive number is invalid";
+        case FR_NOT_ENABLED:
+            return "The volume has no work area (mount)";
+        case FR_NO_FILESYSTEM:
+            return "There is no valid FAT volume";
+        case FR_MKFS_ABORTED:
+            return "The f_mkfs() aborted due to any problem";
+        case FR_TIMEOUT:
+            return "Could not get a grant to access the volume within defined "
+                   "period";
+        case FR_LOCKED:
+            return "The operation is rejected according to the file sharing "
+                   "policy";
+        case FR_NOT_ENOUGH_CORE:
+            return "LFN working buffer could not be allocated";
+        case FR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES:
+            return "Number of open files > FF_FS_LOCK";
+        case FR_INVALID_PARAMETER:
+            return "Given parameter is invalid";
+        default:
+            return "Unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+FRESULT delete_node (
+    TCHAR* path,    /* Path name buffer with the sub-directory to delete */
+    UINT sz_buff,   /* Size of path name buffer (items) */
+    FILINFO* fno    /* Name read buffer */
+)
+{
+    UINT i, j;
+    FRESULT fr;
+    DIR dir;
+
+
+    fr = f_opendir(&dir, path); /* Open the sub-directory to make it empty */
+    if (fr != FR_OK) return fr;
+
+    for (i = 0; path[i]; i++) ; /* Get current path length */
+    path[i++] = '/';
+
+    for (;;) {
+        fr = f_readdir(&dir, fno);  /* Get a directory item */
+        if (fr != FR_OK || !fno->fname[0]) break;   /* End of directory? */
+        j = 0;
+        do {    /* Make a path name */
+            if (i + j >= sz_buff) { /* Buffer over flow? */
+                fr = 100; break;    /* Fails with 100 when buffer overflow */
+            }
+            path[i + j] = fno->fname[j];
+        } while (fno->fname[j++]);
+        if (fno->fattrib & AM_DIR) {    /* Item is a sub-directory */
+            fr = delete_node(path, sz_buff, fno);
+        } else {                        /* Item is a file */
+            fr = f_unlink(path);
+        }
+        if (fr != FR_OK) break;
+    }
+
+    path[--i] = 0;  /* Restore the path name */
+    f_closedir(&dir);
+
+    if (fr == FR_OK) fr = f_unlink(path);  /* Delete the empty sub-directory */
+    return fr;
+}
+
+void ls(const char *dir) {
+    char cwdbuf[FF_LFN_BUF] = {0};
+    FRESULT fr; /* Return value */
+    char const *p_dir;
+    if (dir[0]) {
+        p_dir = dir;
+    } else {
+        fr = f_getcwd(cwdbuf, sizeof cwdbuf);
+        if (FR_OK != fr) {
+            printf("f_getcwd error: %s (%d)\n", FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+            return;
+        }
+        p_dir = cwdbuf;
+    }
+    printf("Directory Listing: %s\n", p_dir);
+    DIR dj = {};      /* Directory object */
+    FILINFO fno = {}; /* File information */
+    assert(p_dir);
+    fr = f_findfirst(&dj, &fno, p_dir, "*");
+    if (FR_OK != fr) {
+        printf("f_findfirst error: %s (%d)\n", FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+        return;
+    }
+    while (fr == FR_OK && fno.fname[0]) { /* Repeat while an item is found */
+        /* Create a string that includes the file name, the file size and the
+         attributes string. */
+        const char *pcWritableFile = "writable file",
+                   *pcReadOnlyFile = "read only file",
+                   *pcDirectory = "directory";
+        const char *pcAttrib;
+        /* Point pcAttrib to a string that describes the file. */
+        if (fno.fattrib & AM_DIR) {
+            pcAttrib = pcDirectory;
+        } else if (fno.fattrib & AM_RDO) {
+            pcAttrib = pcReadOnlyFile;
+        } else {
+            pcAttrib = pcWritableFile;
+        }
+        /* Create a string that includes the file name, the file size and the
+         attributes string. */
+        printf("%s [%s] [size=%llu]\n", fno.fname, pcAttrib, fno.fsize);
+
+        fr = f_findnext(&dj, &fno); /* Search for next item */
+    }
+    f_closedir(&dj);
+}

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/ff_stdio.c

+/* ff_stdio.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+// For compatibility with FreeRTOS+FAT API
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "my_debug.h"
+//
+#include "f_util.h"
+#include "ff_stdio.h"
+
+#define TRACE_PRINTF(fmt, args...) {}
+//#define TRACE_PRINTF printf
+
+static BYTE posix2mode(const char *pcMode) {
+    if (0 == strcmp("r", pcMode)) return FA_READ;
+    if (0 == strcmp("r+", pcMode)) return FA_READ | FA_WRITE;
+    if (0 == strcmp("w", pcMode)) return FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE;
+    if (0 == strcmp("w+", pcMode)) return FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE | FA_READ;
+    if (0 == strcmp("a", pcMode)) return FA_OPEN_APPEND | FA_WRITE;
+    if (0 == strcmp("a+", pcMode)) return FA_OPEN_APPEND | FA_WRITE | FA_READ;
+    if (0 == strcmp("wx", pcMode)) return FA_CREATE_NEW | FA_WRITE;
+    if (0 == strcmp("w+x", pcMode)) return FA_CREATE_NEW | FA_WRITE | FA_READ;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int fresult2errno(FRESULT fr) {
+    switch (fr) {
+        case FR_OK:
+            return 0;
+        case FR_DISK_ERR:
+            return EIO;
+        case FR_INT_ERR:
+            return EIO;
+        case FR_NOT_READY:
+            return EIO;
+        case FR_NO_FILE:
+            return ENOENT;
+        case FR_NO_PATH:
+            return ENOENT;
+        case FR_INVALID_NAME:
+            return ENAMETOOLONG;
+        case FR_DENIED:
+            return EACCES;
+        case FR_EXIST:
+            return EEXIST;
+        case FR_INVALID_OBJECT:
+            return EIO;
+        case FR_WRITE_PROTECTED:
+            return EACCES;
+        case FR_INVALID_DRIVE:
+            return ENOENT;
+        case FR_NOT_ENABLED:
+            return ENOENT;
+        case FR_NO_FILESYSTEM:
+            return ENOENT;
+        case FR_MKFS_ABORTED:
+            return EIO;
+        case FR_TIMEOUT:
+            return EIO;
+        case FR_LOCKED:
+            return EACCES;
+        case FR_NOT_ENOUGH_CORE:
+            return ENOMEM;
+        case FR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES:
+            return ENFILE;
+        case FR_INVALID_PARAMETER:
+            return ENOSYS;
+        default:
+            return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+FF_FILE *ff_fopen(const char *pcFile, const char *pcMode) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FRESULT f_open (FIL* fp, const TCHAR* path, BYTE mode);
+    // /* Open or create a file */ FRESULT f_open (
+    //  FIL* fp,           /* [OUT] Pointer to the file object structure */
+    //  const TCHAR* path, /* [IN] File name */
+    //  BYTE mode          /* [IN] Mode flags */
+    //);
+    FIL *fp = malloc(sizeof(FIL));
+    if (!fp) {
+        errno = ENOMEM;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    FRESULT fr = f_open(fp, pcFile, posix2mode(pcMode));
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK != fr) {
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+        free(fp);
+        fp = 0;
+    }
+    return fp;
+}
+int ff_fclose(FF_FILE *pxStream) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FRESULT f_close (
+    //  FIL* fp     /* [IN] Pointer to the file object */
+    //);
+    FRESULT fr = f_close(pxStream);
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    free(pxStream);
+    if (FR_OK == fr)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+// Populates an ff_stat_struct with information about a file.
+int ff_stat(const char *pcFileName, FF_Stat_t *pxStatBuffer) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FRESULT f_stat (
+    //  const TCHAR* path,  /* [IN] Object name */
+    //  FILINFO* fno        /* [OUT] FILINFO structure */
+    //);
+    myASSERT(pxStatBuffer);
+    FILINFO filinfo;
+    FRESULT fr = f_stat(pcFileName, &filinfo);
+    pxStatBuffer->st_size = filinfo.fsize;
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK == fr)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+size_t ff_fwrite(const void *pvBuffer, size_t xSize, size_t xItems,
+                 FF_FILE *pxStream) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FRESULT f_write (
+    //  FIL* fp,          /* [IN] Pointer to the file object structure */
+    //  const void* buff, /* [IN] Pointer to the data to be written */
+    //  UINT btw,         /* [IN] Number of bytes to write */
+    //  UINT* bw          /* [OUT] Pointer to the variable to return number of
+    //  bytes written */
+    //);
+    UINT bw = 0;
+    FRESULT fr = f_write(pxStream, pvBuffer, xSize * xItems, &bw);
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    return bw / xSize;
+}
+size_t ff_fread(void *pvBuffer, size_t xSize, size_t xItems,
+                FF_FILE *pxStream) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FRESULT f_read (
+    //  FIL* fp,     /* [IN] File object */
+    //  void* buff,  /* [OUT] Buffer to store read data */
+    //  UINT btr,    /* [IN] Number of bytes to read */
+    //  UINT* br     /* [OUT] Number of bytes read */
+    //);
+    UINT br = 0;
+    FRESULT fr = f_read(pxStream, pvBuffer, xSize * xItems, &br);
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    return br / xSize;
+}
+int ff_chdir(const char *pcDirectoryName) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FRESULT f_chdir (
+    //  const TCHAR* path /* [IN] Path name */
+    //);
+    FRESULT fr = f_chdir(pcDirectoryName);
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK == fr)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+char *ff_getcwd(char *pcBuffer, size_t xBufferLength) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FRESULT f_getcwd (
+    //  TCHAR* buff, /* [OUT] Buffer to return path name */
+    //  UINT len     /* [IN] The length of the buffer */
+    //);
+    char buf[ffconfigMAX_FILENAME] = {0};
+    FRESULT fr = f_getcwd(buf, sizeof buf);
+    // f_getcwd uses buf as a work area, 
+    // so even though the string is null-terminated,
+    // bytes near the end might not be nulls.
+    myASSERT(strlen(buf) < sizeof buf);
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    // If the current working directory name was successfully written to
+    // pcBuffer then pcBuffer is returned. Otherwise NULL is returned.
+    if (FR_OK == fr) {
+        if ('/' != buf[0]) {
+            // Strip off drive prefix:
+            char *p = strchr(buf, ':');
+            if (p)
+                ++p;
+            else
+                p = buf;
+            int rc = snprintf(pcBuffer, xBufferLength, "%s", p);
+            // only when this returned value is non-negative and less than n, 
+            // the string has been completely written
+            if (!(0 <= rc && (size_t)rc < xBufferLength))
+                return NULL;
+        }
+        return pcBuffer;
+    } else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+int ff_mkdir(const char *pcDirectoryName) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s(pxStream=%s)\n", __func__, pcDirectoryName);
+    FRESULT fr = f_mkdir(pcDirectoryName);
+    if (FR_OK != fr && FR_EXIST != fr)
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK == fr || FR_EXIST == fr)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+int ff_fputc(int iChar, FF_FILE *pxStream) {
+    // TRACE_PRINTF("%s(iChar=%c,pxStream=%p)\n", __func__, iChar, pxStream);
+    // FRESULT f_write (
+    //  FIL* fp,          /* [IN] Pointer to the file object structure */
+    //  const void* buff, /* [IN] Pointer to the data to be written */
+    //  UINT btw,         /* [IN] Number of bytes to write */
+    //  UINT* bw          /* [OUT] Pointer to the variable to return number of
+    //  bytes written */
+    //);
+    UINT bw = 0;
+    uint8_t buff[1];
+    buff[0] = iChar;
+    FRESULT fr = f_write(pxStream, buff, 1, &bw);
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    // On success the byte written to the file is returned. If any other value
+    // is returned then the byte was not written to the file and the task's
+    // errno will be set to indicate the reason.
+    if (1 == bw)
+        return iChar;
+    else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+int ff_fgetc(FF_FILE *pxStream) {
+    // TRACE_PRINTF("%s(pxStream=%p)\n", __func__, pxStream);
+    // FRESULT f_read (
+    //  FIL* fp,     /* [IN] File object */
+    //  void* buff,  /* [OUT] Buffer to store read data */
+    //  UINT btr,    /* [IN] Number of bytes to read */
+    //  UINT* br     /* [OUT] Number of bytes read */
+    //);
+    uint8_t buff[1] = {0};
+    UINT br;
+    FRESULT fr = f_read(pxStream, buff, 1, &br);
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    // On success the byte read from the file system is returned. If a byte
+    // could not be read from the file because the read position is already at
+    // the end of the file then FF_EOF is returned.
+    if (1 == br)
+        return buff[0];
+    else
+        return FF_EOF;
+}
+int ff_rmdir(const char *pcDirectory) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FRESULT f_unlink (
+    //  const TCHAR* path  /* [IN] Object name */
+    //);
+    FRESULT fr = f_unlink(pcDirectory);
+    // If the directory was removed successfully then zero is returned. If the
+    // directory could not be removed then -1 is returned and the task's errno
+    // is set to indicate the reason.
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK == fr)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+int ff_remove(const char *pcPath) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    FRESULT fr = f_unlink(pcPath);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK == fr)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+long ff_ftell(FF_FILE *pxStream) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FSIZE_t f_tell (
+    //  FIL* fp   /* [IN] File object */
+    //);
+    FSIZE_t pos = f_tell(pxStream);
+    myASSERT(pos < LONG_MAX);
+    return pos;
+}
+int ff_fseek(FF_FILE *pxStream, int iOffset, int iWhence) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    FRESULT fr = -1;
+    switch (iWhence) {
+        case FF_SEEK_CUR:  // The current file position.
+            if ((int)f_tell(pxStream) + iOffset < 0) return -1;
+            fr = f_lseek(pxStream, f_tell(pxStream) + iOffset);
+            break;
+        case FF_SEEK_END:  // The end of the file.
+            if ((int)f_size(pxStream) + iOffset < 0) return -1;
+            fr = f_lseek(pxStream, f_size(pxStream) + iOffset);
+            break;
+        case FF_SEEK_SET:  // The beginning of the file.
+            if (iOffset < 0) return -1;
+            fr = f_lseek(pxStream, iOffset);
+            break;
+        default:
+            myASSERT(!"Bad iWhence");
+    }
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK == fr)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+int ff_findfirst(const char *pcDirectory, FF_FindData_t *pxFindData) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s(%s)\n", __func__, pcDirectory);
+    // FRESULT f_findfirst (
+    //  DIR* dp,              /* [OUT] Poninter to the directory object */
+    //  FILINFO* fno,         /* [OUT] Pointer to the file information structure
+    //  */ const TCHAR* path,    /* [IN] Pointer to the directory name to be
+    //  opened */ const TCHAR* pattern  /* [IN] Pointer to the matching pattern
+    //  string */
+    //);
+    char buf1[ffconfigMAX_FILENAME] = {0};
+    if (pcDirectory[0]) {
+        FRESULT fr = f_getcwd(buf1, sizeof buf1);
+        errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+        if (FR_OK != fr) return -1;
+        fr = f_chdir(pcDirectory);
+        errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+        if (FR_OK != fr) return -1;
+    }
+    char buf2[ffconfigMAX_FILENAME] = {0};
+    FRESULT fr = f_getcwd(buf2, sizeof buf2);
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s: f_findfirst(path=%s)\n", __func__, buf2);
+    fr = f_findfirst(&pxFindData->dir, &pxFindData->fileinfo, buf2, "*");
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    pxFindData->pcFileName = pxFindData->fileinfo.fname;
+    pxFindData->ulFileSize = pxFindData->fileinfo.fsize;
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s: fname=%s\n", __func__, pxFindData->fileinfo.fname);
+    if (pcDirectory[0]) {
+        FRESULT fr2 = f_chdir(buf1);
+        errno = fresult2errno(fr2);
+        if (FR_OK != fr2) return -1;
+    }
+    if (FR_OK == fr)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+int ff_findnext(FF_FindData_t *pxFindData) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FRESULT f_findnext (
+    //  DIR* dp,              /* [IN] Poninter to the directory object */
+    //  FILINFO* fno          /* [OUT] Pointer to the file information structure
+    //  */
+    //);
+    FRESULT fr = f_findnext(&pxFindData->dir, &pxFindData->fileinfo);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    pxFindData->pcFileName = pxFindData->fileinfo.fname;
+    pxFindData->ulFileSize = pxFindData->fileinfo.fsize;
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s: fname=%s\n", __func__, pxFindData->fileinfo.fname);
+    if (FR_OK == fr && pxFindData->fileinfo.fname[0]) {
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+FF_FILE *ff_truncate(const char *pcFileName, long lTruncateSize) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    FIL *fp = malloc(sizeof(FIL));
+    if (!fp) {
+        errno = ENOMEM;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    FRESULT fr = f_open(fp, pcFileName, FA_OPEN_APPEND | FA_WRITE);
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        EMSG_PRINTF("%s: f_open error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK != fr) return NULL;
+    while (f_tell(fp) < (FSIZE_t)lTruncateSize) {
+        UINT bw = 0;
+        char c = 0;
+        fr = f_write(fp, &c, 1, &bw);
+        if (FR_OK != fr)
+            TRACE_PRINTF("%s error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+        errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+        if (1 != bw) return NULL;
+    }
+    fr = f_lseek(fp, lTruncateSize);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        EMSG_PRINTF("%s: f_lseek error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr), fr);
+    if (FR_OK != fr) return NULL;
+    fr = f_truncate(fp);
+    if (FR_OK != fr)
+        EMSG_PRINTF("%s: f_truncate error: %s (%d)\n", __func__, FRESULT_str(fr),
+               fr);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK == fr)
+        return fp;
+    else
+        return NULL;
+}
+int ff_seteof(FF_FILE *pxStream) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    FRESULT fr = f_truncate(pxStream);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK == fr)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return FF_EOF;
+}
+int ff_rename(const char *pcOldName, const char *pcNewName,
+              int bDeleteIfExists) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    // FRESULT f_rename (
+    //  const TCHAR* old_name, /* [IN] Old object name */
+    //  const TCHAR* new_name  /* [IN] New object name */
+    //);
+    // Any object with this path name except old_name must not be exist, or the
+    // function fails with FR_EXIST.
+    if (bDeleteIfExists) f_unlink(pcNewName);
+    FRESULT fr = f_rename(pcOldName, pcNewName);
+    errno = fresult2errno(fr);
+    if (FR_OK == fr)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+char *ff_fgets(char *pcBuffer, size_t xCount, FF_FILE *pxStream) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF("%s\n", __func__);
+    TCHAR *p = f_gets(pcBuffer, xCount, pxStream);
+    // On success a pointer to pcBuffer is returned. If there is a read error
+    // then NULL is returned and the task's errno is set to indicate the reason.
+    if (p == pcBuffer)
+        return pcBuffer;
+    else {
+        errno = EIO;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/file_stream.c

+/*
+ * file_stream.c
+ *
+ *  Created on: Jun 20, 2024
+ *      Author: carlk
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+//
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+//
+#include "ff.h"
+//
+#include "f_util.h"
+#include "my_debug.h"
+//
+#include "file_stream.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+    FIL file;
+} cookie_t;
+
+// functions.read should return -1 on failure, or else the number of bytes read (0 on EOF).
+//  It is similar to read, except that cookie will be passed as the first argument.
+static ssize_t cookie_read_function(void *vcookie_p, char *buf, size_t n) {
+    cookie_t *cookie_p = vcookie_p;
+    FIL *file_p = &cookie_p->file;
+    UINT br;
+    FRESULT fr = f_read(file_p, buf, n, &br);
+    if (FR_OK != fr) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("f_read error: %s\n", FRESULT_str(fr));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return br;
+}
+
+// functions.write should return -1 on failure, or else the number of bytes written.
+//  It is similar to write, except that cookie will be passed as the first argument.
+static ssize_t cookie_write_function(void *vcookie_p, const char *buf, size_t n) {
+    cookie_t *cookie_p = vcookie_p;
+    FIL *file_p = &cookie_p->file;
+    UINT bw;
+    FRESULT fr = f_write(file_p, buf, n, &bw);
+    if (FR_OK != fr) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("f_read error: %s\n", FRESULT_str(fr));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return bw;
+}
+
+// functions.seek should return -1 on failure, and 0 on success,
+//  with off set to the current file position.
+//  It is a cross between lseek and fseek, with the whence argument interpreted in the same
+//  manner.
+static int cookie_seek_function(void *vcookie_p, off_t *off, int whence) {
+    cookie_t *cookie_p = vcookie_p;
+    FIL *file_p = &cookie_p->file;
+
+    FRESULT fr = FR_OK;
+    switch (whence) {
+        case SEEK_SET:
+            fr = f_lseek(file_p, *off);
+            break;
+        case SEEK_CUR:
+            fr = f_lseek(file_p, f_tell(file_p) + *off);
+            break;
+        case SEEK_END:
+            fr = f_lseek(file_p, f_size(file_p) + *off);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ASSERT_CASE_NOT(whence);
+    }
+    if (FR_OK != fr) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("f_lseek error: %s\n", FRESULT_str(fr));
+        return -1;
+    } else {
+        *off = f_tell(file_p);
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+// functions.close should return -1 on failure, or 0 on success.
+//  It is similar to close, except that cookie will be passed as the first argument.
+//  A failed close will still invalidate the stream.
+static int cookie_close_function(void *vcookie_p) {
+    cookie_t *cookie_p = vcookie_p;
+    FIL *file_p = &cookie_p->file;
+    FRESULT fr = f_close(file_p);
+    free(vcookie_p);
+    if (FR_OK != fr) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("f_close error: %s\n", FRESULT_str(fr));
+        return -1;
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+FILE *open_file_stream(const char *pathname, const char *pcMode) {
+    cookie_t *cookie_p = malloc(sizeof(cookie_t));
+    if (!cookie_p) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    BYTE mode = 0;
+
+    // POSIX	FatFs
+    if (0 == strcmp("r", pcMode))
+        mode = FA_READ;
+    else if (0 == strcmp("r+", pcMode))
+        mode = FA_READ | FA_WRITE;
+    else if (0 == strcmp("w", pcMode))
+        mode = FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE;
+    else if (0 == strcmp("w+", pcMode))
+        mode = FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE | FA_READ;
+    else if (0 == strcmp("a", pcMode))
+        mode = FA_OPEN_APPEND | FA_WRITE;
+    else if (0 == strcmp("a+", pcMode))
+        mode = FA_OPEN_APPEND | FA_WRITE | FA_READ;
+    else if (0 == strcmp("wx", pcMode))
+        mode = FA_CREATE_NEW | FA_WRITE;
+    else if (0 == strcmp("w+x", pcMode))
+        mode = FA_CREATE_NEW | FA_WRITE | FA_READ;
+
+    FRESULT fr = f_open(&cookie_p->file, pathname, mode);
+    if (FR_OK != fr) {
+        DBG_PRINTF("f_lseek error: %s\n", FRESULT_str(fr));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    cookie_io_functions_t iofs = {cookie_read_function, cookie_write_function,
+                                  cookie_seek_function, cookie_close_function};
+
+    /* create the stream */
+    FILE *file = fopencookie(cookie_p, pcMode, iofs);
+    if (!file) cookie_close_function(cookie_p);
+    return (file);
+}

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/glue.c

+/* glue.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Low level disk I/O module SKELETON for FatFs     (C)ChaN, 2019        */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* If a working storage control module is available, it should be        */
+/* attached to the FatFs via a glue function rather than modifying it.   */
+/* This is an example of glue functions to attach various exsisting      */
+/* storage control modules to the FatFs module with a defined API.       */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+//
+//
+#include "hw_config.h"
+#include "my_debug.h"
+#include "sd_card.h"
+//
+#include "diskio.h" /* Declarations of disk functions */
+
+#define TRACE_PRINTF(fmt, args...)
+//#define TRACE_PRINTF printf  // task_printf
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Get Drive Status                                                      */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+DSTATUS disk_status(BYTE pdrv /* Physical drive number to identify the drive */
+) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF(">>> %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
+    sd_card_t *sd_card_p = sd_get_by_num(pdrv);
+    if (!sd_card_p) return RES_PARERR;
+    sd_card_detect(sd_card_p);   // Fast: just a GPIO read
+    return sd_card_p->state.m_Status;  // See http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/dstat.html
+}
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Inidialize a Drive                                                    */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+DSTATUS disk_initialize(
+    BYTE pdrv /* Physical drive number to identify the drive */
+) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF(">>> %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    bool ok = sd_init_driver();
+    if (!ok) return RES_NOTRDY;
+
+    sd_card_t *sd_card_p = sd_get_by_num(pdrv);
+    if (!sd_card_p) return RES_PARERR;
+    DSTATUS ds = disk_status(pdrv);
+    if (STA_NODISK & ds) 
+        return ds;
+    // See http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/dstat.html
+    return sd_card_p->init(sd_card_p);  
+}
+
+static int sdrc2dresult(int sd_rc) {
+    switch (sd_rc) {
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NONE:
+            return RES_OK;
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNUSABLE:
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_RESPONSE:
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_INIT:
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_NO_DEVICE:
+            return RES_NOTRDY;
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_PARAMETER:
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED:
+            return RES_PARERR;
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE_PROTECTED:
+            return RES_WRPRT;
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_CRC:
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WOULD_BLOCK:
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_ERASE:
+        case SD_BLOCK_DEVICE_ERROR_WRITE:
+        default:
+            return RES_ERROR;
+            }
+        }
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Read Sector(s)                                                        */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+DRESULT disk_read(BYTE pdrv,  /* Physical drive number to identify the drive */
+                  BYTE *buff, /* Data buffer to store read data */
+                  LBA_t sector, /* Start sector in LBA */
+                  UINT count    /* Number of sectors to read */
+) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF(">>> %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
+    sd_card_t *sd_card_p = sd_get_by_num(pdrv);
+    if (!sd_card_p) return RES_PARERR;
+    int rc = sd_card_p->read_blocks(sd_card_p, buff, sector, count);
+    return sdrc2dresult(rc);
+}
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Write Sector(s)                                                       */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if FF_FS_READONLY == 0
+
+DRESULT disk_write(BYTE pdrv, /* Physical drive number to identify the drive */
+                   const BYTE *buff, /* Data to be written */
+                   LBA_t sector,     /* Start sector in LBA */
+                   UINT count        /* Number of sectors to write */
+) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF(">>> %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
+    sd_card_t *sd_card_p = sd_get_by_num(pdrv);
+    if (!sd_card_p) return RES_PARERR;
+    int rc = sd_card_p->write_blocks(sd_card_p, buff, sector, count);
+    return sdrc2dresult(rc);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* Miscellaneous Functions                                               */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+DRESULT disk_ioctl(BYTE pdrv, /* Physical drive number (0..) */
+                   BYTE cmd,  /* Control code */
+                   void *buff /* Buffer to send/receive control data */
+) {
+    TRACE_PRINTF(">>> %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
+    sd_card_t *sd_card_p = sd_get_by_num(pdrv);
+    if (!sd_card_p) return RES_PARERR;
+    switch (cmd) {
+        case GET_SECTOR_COUNT: {  // Retrieves number of available sectors, the
+                                  // largest allowable LBA + 1, on the drive
+                                  // into the LBA_t variable pointed by buff.
+                                  // This command is used by f_mkfs and f_fdisk
+                                  // function to determine the size of
+                                  // volume/partition to be created. It is
+                                  // required when FF_USE_MKFS == 1.
+            static LBA_t n;
+            n = sd_card_p->get_num_sectors(sd_card_p);
+            *(LBA_t *)buff = n;
+            if (!n) return RES_ERROR;
+            return RES_OK;
+        }
+        case GET_BLOCK_SIZE: {  // Retrieves erase block size of the flash
+                                // memory media in unit of sector into the DWORD
+                                // variable pointed by buff. The allowable value
+                                // is 1 to 32768 in power of 2. Return 1 if the
+                                // erase block size is unknown or non flash
+                                // memory media. This command is used by only
+                                // f_mkfs function and it attempts to align data
+                                // area on the erase block boundary. It is
+                                // required when FF_USE_MKFS == 1.
+            static DWORD bs = 1;
+            *(DWORD *)buff = bs;
+            return RES_OK;
+        }
+        case CTRL_SYNC:
+            sd_card_p->sync(sd_card_p);
+            return RES_OK;
+        default:
+            return RES_PARERR;
+    }
+}

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/my_debug.c

+/* my_debug.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+//
+#if PICO_RP2040
+#include "RP2040.h"
+#else
+#include "RP2350.h"
+#endif
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+//
+#include "crash.h"
+//
+#include "my_debug.h"
+
+/* Function Attribute ((weak))
+The weak attribute causes a declaration of an external symbol to be emitted as a weak symbol
+rather than a global. This is primarily useful in defining library functions that can be
+overridden in user code, though it can also be used with non-function declarations. The
+overriding symbol must have the same type as the weak symbol.
+https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Common-Function-Attributes.html
+
+You can override these functions in your application to redirect "stdout"-type messages.
+*/
+
+/* Single string output callbacks */
+
+void __attribute__((weak)) put_out_error_message(const char *s) { (void)s; }
+void __attribute__((weak)) put_out_info_message(const char *s) { (void)s; }
+void __attribute__((weak)) put_out_debug_message(const char *s) { (void)s; }
+
+/* "printf"-style output callbacks */
+
+#if defined(USE_PRINTF) && USE_PRINTF
+
+int __attribute__((weak)) 
+error_message_printf(const char *func, int line, 
+        const char *fmt, ...) 
+{
+    printf("%s:%d: ", func, line);
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    int cw = vprintf(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    stdio_flush();
+    return cw;
+}
+int __attribute__((weak)) error_message_printf_plain(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    int cw = vprintf(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    stdio_flush();
+    return cw;
+}
+int __attribute__((weak)) info_message_printf(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    int cw = vprintf(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    return cw;
+}
+int __attribute__((weak)) 
+debug_message_printf(const char *func, int line, 
+        const char *fmt, ...) 
+{
+#if defined(NDEBUG) || !USE_DBG_PRINTF
+    (void) func;
+    (void) line;
+#endif
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    int cw = vprintf(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    stdio_flush();
+    return cw;
+}
+
+#else
+
+/* These will truncate at 256 bytes. You can tell by checking the return code. */
+
+int __attribute__((weak)) 
+error_message_printf(const char *func, int line, 
+        const char *fmt, ...) 
+{
+    char buf[256] = {0};
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    int cw = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
+    put_out_error_message(buf);
+    va_end(args);
+    return cw;
+}
+int __attribute__((weak)) error_message_printf_plain(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    char buf[256] = {0};
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    int cw = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
+    put_out_info_message(buf);
+    va_end(args);
+    return cw;
+}
+int __attribute__((weak)) info_message_printf(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    char buf[256] = {0};
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    int cw = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
+    put_out_info_message(buf);
+    va_end(args);
+    return cw;
+}
+int __attribute__((weak)) 
+debug_message_printf(const char *func, int line, 
+        const char *fmt, ...) 
+{
+    char buf[256] = {0};
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    int cw = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
+    put_out_debug_message(buf);
+    va_end(args);
+    return cw;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+void __attribute__((weak)) my_assert_func(const char *file, int line, const char *func,
+                                          const char *pred) {
+    error_message_printf_plain("assertion \"%s\" failed: file \"%s\", line %d, function: %s\n",
+                               pred, file, line, func);
+    __disable_irq(); /* Disable global interrupts. */
+    capture_assert(file, line, func, pred);
+}
+
+void assert_case_not_func(const char *file, int line, const char *func, int v) {
+    char pred[128];
+    snprintf(pred, sizeof pred, "case not %d", v);
+    my_assert_func(file, line, func, pred);
+}
+
+void assert_case_is(const char *file, int line, const char *func, int v, int expected) {
+    char pred[128];
+    snprintf(pred, sizeof pred, "%d is %d", v, expected);
+    my_assert_func(file, line, func, pred);
+}
+
+void dump8buf(char *buf, size_t buf_sz, uint8_t *pbytes, size_t nbytes) {
+    int n = 0;
+    for (size_t byte_ix = 0; byte_ix < nbytes; ++byte_ix) {
+        for (size_t col = 0; col < 32 && byte_ix < nbytes; ++col, ++byte_ix) {
+            n += snprintf(buf + n, buf_sz - n, "%02hhx ", pbytes[byte_ix]);
+            myASSERT(0 < n && n < (int)buf_sz);
+        }
+        n += snprintf(buf + n, buf_sz - n, "\n");
+        myASSERT(0 < n && n < (int)buf_sz);
+    }
+}
+void hexdump_8(const char *s, const uint8_t *pbytes, size_t nbytes) {
+    IMSG_PRINTF("\n%s(%s, 0x%p, %zu)\n", __FUNCTION__, s, pbytes, nbytes);
+    stdio_flush();
+    size_t col = 0;
+    for (size_t byte_ix = 0; byte_ix < nbytes; ++byte_ix) {
+        IMSG_PRINTF("%02hhx ", pbytes[byte_ix]);
+        if (++col > 31) {
+            IMSG_PRINTF("\n");
+            col = 0;
+        }
+        stdio_flush();
+    }
+}
+// nwords is size in WORDS!
+void hexdump_32(const char *s, const uint32_t *pwords, size_t nwords) {
+    IMSG_PRINTF("\n%s(%s, 0x%p, %zu)\n", __FUNCTION__, s, pwords, nwords);
+    stdio_flush();
+    size_t col = 0;
+    for (size_t word_ix = 0; word_ix < nwords; ++word_ix) {
+        IMSG_PRINTF("%08lx ", pwords[word_ix]);
+        if (++col > 7) {
+            IMSG_PRINTF("\n");
+            col = 0;
+        }
+        stdio_flush();
+    }
+}
+// nwords is size in bytes
+bool compare_buffers_8(const char *s0, const uint8_t *pbytes0, const char *s1,
+                       const uint8_t *pbytes1, const size_t nbytes) {
+    /* Verify the data. */
+    if (0 != memcmp(pbytes0, pbytes1, nbytes)) {
+        hexdump_8(s0, pbytes0, nbytes);
+        hexdump_8(s1, pbytes1, nbytes);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+// nwords is size in WORDS!
+bool compare_buffers_32(const char *s0, const uint32_t *pwords0, const char *s1,
+                        const uint32_t *pwords1, const size_t nwords) {
+    /* Verify the data. */
+    if (0 != memcmp(pwords0, pwords1, nwords * sizeof(uint32_t))) {
+        hexdump_32(s0, pwords0, nwords);
+        hexdump_32(s1, pwords1, nwords);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+/* [] END OF FILE */

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/my_rtc.c

+/* my_rtc.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <time.h>
+//
+#include "pico/aon_timer.h"
+#include "pico/stdio.h"
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#include "pico/util/datetime.h"
+#if HAS_RP2040_RTC
+#  include "hardware/rtc.h"
+#endif
+//
+#include "crc.h"
+#include "ff.h"
+//
+#include "my_rtc.h"
+
+time_t epochtime;
+
+// Make an attempt to save a recent time stamp across reset:
+typedef struct rtc_save {
+    uint32_t signature;
+    struct timespec ts;
+    char checksum;  // last, not included in checksum
+} rtc_save_t;
+static rtc_save_t rtc_save __attribute__((section(".uninitialized_data")));
+
+static bool get_time(struct timespec *ts) {
+    if (!aon_timer_is_running()) return false;
+    aon_timer_get_time(ts);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Update the epochtime variable from the always-on timer
+ *
+ * If the always-on timer is running, copy its current value to the epochtime variable.
+ * Also, copy the current always-on timer value to the rtc_save structure and
+ * calculate a checksum of the structure.
+ */
+static void update_epochtime() {
+    bool ok = get_time(&rtc_save.ts);
+    if (!ok) return;
+    // Set the signature to the magic number
+    rtc_save.signature = 0xBABEBABE;
+    // Calculate the checksum of the structure
+    rtc_save.checksum = crc7((uint8_t *)&rtc_save, offsetof(rtc_save_t, checksum));
+    // Copy the seconds part of the always-on timer to the epochtime variable
+    epochtime = rtc_save.ts.tv_sec;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Get the current time in seconds since the Epoch.
+ * *
+ * @param[in] pxTime If not NULL, the current time is copied here.
+ * @return The current time in seconds since the Epoch.
+ */
+time_t time(time_t *pxTime) {
+    update_epochtime();
+    if (pxTime) {
+        *pxTime = epochtime;
+    }
+    return epochtime;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize the always-on timer and save its value to the rtc_save structure
+ *
+ * If the always-on timer is already running, this function does nothing.
+ * Otherwise, it initializes the RTC if it is available and checks if the saved
+ * time is valid. If the saved time is valid, it sets the always-on timer to the saved
+ * value.
+ */
+void time_init() {
+    // If the always-on timer is already running, return immediately
+    if (aon_timer_is_running()) return;
+
+        // Initialize the RTC if it is available
+#if HAS_RP2040_RTC
+    rtc_init();
+#endif
+
+    // Check if the saved time is valid
+    char xor_checksum = crc7((uint8_t *)&rtc_save, offsetof(rtc_save_t, checksum));
+    bool ok = rtc_save.signature == 0xBABEBABE && rtc_save.checksum == xor_checksum;
+
+    // If the saved time is valid, set the always-on timer
+    if (ok) aon_timer_set_time(&rtc_save.ts);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Get the current time in the FAT time format
+ *
+ * The FAT file system uses a specific date and time format that is different
+ * from the one used by the standard C library. This function converts the
+ * current time to the FAT time format.
+ *
+ * @return The current time in the FAT time format (DWORD)
+ */
+DWORD get_fattime(void) {
+    struct timespec ts;
+    bool ok = get_time(&ts);
+    if (!ok) return 0;
+
+    struct tm t;
+    localtime_r(&ts.tv_sec, &t);
+
+    DWORD fattime = 0;
+    // bit31:25
+    // Year origin from the 1980 (0..127, e.g. 37 for 2017)
+    // tm_year	int	years since 1900
+    int yr = t.tm_year + 1900 - 1980;
+    assert(yr >= 0 && yr <= 127);
+    fattime |= (0b01111111 & yr) << 25;
+    // bit24:21
+    // Month (1..12)
+    // tm_mon	int	months since January 0-11
+    uint8_t mo = t.tm_mon + 1;
+    assert(mo >= 1 && mo <= 12);
+    fattime |= (0b00001111 & mo) << 21;
+    // bit20:16
+    // Day of the month (1..31)
+    // tm_mday	int	day of the month 1-31
+    uint8_t da = t.tm_mday;
+    assert(da >= 1 && da <= 31);
+    fattime |= (0b00011111 & da) << 16;
+    // bit15:11
+    // Hour (0..23)
+    // tm_hour	int	hours since midnight 0-23
+    uint8_t hr = t.tm_hour;
+    assert(hr >= 0 && hr <= 23);
+    fattime |= (0b00011111 & hr) << 11;
+    // bit10:5
+    // Minute (0..59)
+    // tm_min	int	minutes after the hour 0-59
+    uint8_t mi = t.tm_min;
+    assert(mi >= 0 && mi <= 59);
+    fattime |= (0b00111111 & mi) << 5;
+    // bit4:0
+    // Second / 2 (0..29, e.g. 25 for 50)
+    // tm_sec	int	seconds after the minute 0-61*
+    uint8_t sd = t.tm_sec / 2;
+    assert(sd >= 0 && sd <= 30);  // The extra range is to accommodate for leap seconds
+    fattime |= (0b00011111 & sd);
+    return fattime;
+}

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/rtc.c

+/* rtc.c
+Copyright 2021 Carl John Kugler III
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use 
+this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the 
+License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+*/
+#include <time.h>
+//
+#include "pico/aon_timer.h"
+#include "pico/stdio.h"
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#include "pico/util/datetime.h"
+//
+#include "ff.h"
+#include "util.h"  // calculate_checksum
+//
+#include "rtc.h"
+
+time_t epochtime;
+
+// Make an attempt to save a recent time stamp across reset:
+typedef struct rtc_save {
+    uint32_t signature;
+    struct timespec ts;
+    uint32_t checksum;  // last, not included in checksum
+} rtc_save_t;
+static rtc_save_t rtc_save __attribute__((section(".uninitialized_data")));
+
+static void update_epochtime() {
+    struct tm timeinfo;
+    aon_timer_get_time(&rtc_save.ts);
+    rtc_save.signature = 0xBABEBABE;
+    localtime_r(&rtc_save.ts.tv_sec, &timeinfo);
+    rtc_save.checksum = calculate_checksum((uint32_t *)&rtc_save,
+                                            offsetof(rtc_save_t, checksum));
+    epochtime = mktime(&timeinfo);
+    // configASSERT(-1 != epochtime);
+}
+
+time_t time(time_t *pxTime) {
+    update_epochtime();
+    if (pxTime) {
+        *pxTime = epochtime;
+    }
+    return epochtime;
+}
+
+void time_init() {
+    struct timespec ts;
+    aon_timer_get_time(&ts);
+
+    struct tm t, t2;
+    localtime_r(&ts.tv_sec, &t);
+    localtime_r(&rtc_save.ts.tv_sec, &t2);
+
+    if (t.tm_year != t2.tm_year) {
+        uint32_t xor_checksum = calculate_checksum(
+            (uint32_t *)&rtc_save, offsetof(rtc_save_t, checksum));
+        if (rtc_save.signature == 0xBABEBABE &&
+            rtc_save.checksum == xor_checksum) {
+            // Set rtc
+            aon_timer_set_time(&rtc_save.ts);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Called by FatFs:
+DWORD get_fattime(void) {
+    struct timespec ts;
+    aon_timer_get_time(&ts);
+
+    struct tm t;
+    localtime_r(&ts.tv_sec, &t);
+
+    DWORD fattime = 0;
+    // bit31:25
+    // Year origin from the 1980 (0..127, e.g. 37 for 2017)
+    uint8_t yr = t.tm_year - 1980;
+    fattime |= (0b01111111 & yr) << 25;
+    // bit24:21
+    // Month (1..12)
+    uint8_t mo = t.tm_mon;
+    fattime |= (0b00001111 & mo) << 21;
+    // bit20:16
+    // Day of the month (1..31)
+    uint8_t da = t.tm_mday;
+    fattime |= (0b00011111 & da) << 16;
+    // bit15:11
+    // Hour (0..23)
+    uint8_t hr = t.tm_hour;
+    fattime |= (0b00011111 & hr) << 11;
+    // bit10:5
+    // Minute (0..59)
+    uint8_t mi = t.tm_min;
+    fattime |= (0b00111111 & mi) << 5;
+    // bit4:0
+    // Second / 2 (0..29, e.g. 25 for 50)
+    uint8_t sd = t.tm_sec / 2;
+    fattime |= (0b00011111 & sd);
+    return fattime;
+}

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/sd_timeouts.c

+
+#include "sd_timeouts.h"
+
+sd_timeouts_t sd_timeouts __attribute__((weak)) = {
+    .sd_command = 2000, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .sd_command_retries = 3, // Times SPI cmd is retried when there is no response
+    .sd_lock = 8000, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .sd_spi_read = 1000, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .sd_spi_write = 1000, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .sd_spi_write_read = 1000, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .spi_lock = 4000, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .rp2040_sdio_command_R1 = 5, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .rp2040_sdio_command_R2 = 2, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .rp2040_sdio_command_R3 = 2, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .rp2040_sdio_rx_poll = 1000, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .rp2040_sdio_tx_poll = 5000, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .sd_sdio_begin = 1000, // Timeout in ms for response
+    .sd_sdio_stopTransmission = 200, // Timeout in ms for response
+};

sd_card_example/sd_card_driver/src/util.c

+/*
+ * util.c
+ *
+ *  Created on: Apr 12, 2022
+ *      Author: carlk
+ */
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+//
+#include "util.h"
+
+int gcd(int a,int b) {
+  int R;
+  while ((a % b) > 0)  {
+    R = a % b;
+    a = b;
+    b = R;
+  }
+  return b;
+}
+
+char const* uint8_binary_str(uint8_t number) {
+	static char b[sizeof number * 8 + 1];
+
+	memset(b, 0, sizeof b);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof number * 8; ++i) {
+		unsigned int mask = 1 << i;
+		if (number & mask)
+			b[sizeof number * 8 - 1 - i] = '1';
+		else
+			b[sizeof number * 8 - 1 - i] = '0';
+	}
+	return b;
+}
+char const* uint_binary_str(unsigned int number) {
+	static char b[sizeof number * 8 + 1];
+
+	memset(b, 0, sizeof b);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof number * 8; ++i) {
+		unsigned int mask = 1 << i;
+		if (number & mask)
+			b[sizeof number * 8 - 1 - i] = '1';
+		else
+			b[sizeof number * 8 - 1 - i] = '0';
+	}
+	return b;
+}